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Readiness for exclusive breastfeeding was important in supporting the development of newborns. Mrs. Priigravida does not know what influences the relationship in the readiness of exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that affect the readiness to give exclusive breastfeeding to primigravida. This study uses a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used was primigravida pregnant women in the Bangetayu Health Center working area of Semarang City. The number of respondents in this study was 50 people, with the technique used being total sampling. The data obtained were processed statistically using the spearmen rank correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents at the age of not at risk were 90%, the last education of high school/vocational school was 56%, mothers who were not working were 60%, knowledge of primigravida was high as 100%, family support was good as 98%, nutritional status of primigravida was high as 96%, and spiritual support of primigravida was high by 100%. The results of the statistical test obtained that the factor that most affects the readiness of exclusive breastfeeding in primigravida is spiritual support with a beta score of 0.582. There was a relationship between knowledge, family support, nutriall status, and spiritual support to readiness of exclusive breastfeeding in primigravida. The most powerful factor of influence is spiritual support.

This study analyzes the international ramifications of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, focusing on its economic, political, and security dimensions. The conflict has disrupted global trade, particularly in the energy and agricultural sectors, leading to inflation and price volatility worldwide. Politically, it has shifted global alliances, with Western countries strengthening NATO and imposing sanctions on Russia, while some nations have chosen strategic neutrality. In terms of security, the conflict has exacerbated global tensions and driven increased military expenditures across major powers. The research employs a qualitative approach, using a literature review method to analyze both primary and secondary sources, including policy documents, academic journals, and international reports. The study identifies key challenges such as food security, energy shortages, and the polarization of international relations. The paper suggests that strengthening multilateral diplomatic efforts is crucial for mediating the conflict and mitigating its global economic and security consequences. In conclusion, the study argues that addressing the global impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict requires strategies that 

Kids who don't know much about teeth and mouth health have problems, so it's important to help them learn more through the right sources and methods. The point of this study was to find out how playing Monopoly affected the kids' understanding of teeth and mouth health at SDN Bangetayu Wetan 02. A quasi-experiment non-equivalent control group strategy was used for this quantitative study. The intervention was given to the intervention group through a game of Monopoly, and to the control group through PowerPoint. The Wilcoxon test (paired) and the Mann-Whitney test (unpaired) were used to look at the data. The study's participants were kids between the ages of 8 and 9, with 19 kids from each group chosen through Purposive Sampling. A knowledge quiz about teeth and mouth health was used as the tool. The results of the comparison of the two groups' traits showed that most of the respondents were girls and most of them were 9 years old. The intervention group had a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05) for paired bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test. This means that there was a significant difference between what they knew about teeth and mouth health before and after the intervention. On the other hand, there was no significant change in the control group, where the p-value was 0.665 (>0.05). The training and control groups both got a p-value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, on the Mann-Whitney test. There are differences between the two groups in how much they know about teeth and mouth health. It has been shown that learning about teeth and mouth health through monopoly games is more effective than learning through PowerPoint.

This study examines the evolving global geopolitical landscape and its implications for Indonesia's diplomacy, focusing on economic, political, and security dimensions. The intensifying rivalry between the United States and China has reshaped global trade, investment flows, and regional security dynamics, posing both challenges and opportunities for Indonesia. Politically, Indonesia must navigate regional tensions, such as the South China Sea dispute, while reinforcing its leadership within ASEAN. Economically, global uncertainties stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions, and energy crises necessitate a more proactive economic diplomacy strategy to attract investment and strengthen trade partnerships. In the security domain, emerging threats such as cyber warfare, climate change, and terrorism underscore the urgency of Indonesia's active engagement in international security frameworks. This research employs a qualitative methodology, using a literature review of policy documents, academic publications, and international reports to assess Indonesia's current diplomatic efforts and their effectiveness in addressing the changing global order. The findings indicate that Indonesia faces three primary challenges: maintaining strategic neutrality in great-power competition, ensuring regional stability, and enhancing economic resilience. Strengthening multilateral diplomatic engagements and leveraging Indonesia's position within regional and international organizations is essential for the country to navigate these geopolitical transformations effectively and safeguard its national interests in an increasingly complex global environment.

The purpose of this study is to find out which sectors are the leading sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 – 2021, What economic sectors have fast growth rates in shifting economic sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 – 2021, Which economic sectors have the power strong competitiveness in shifting economic sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 - 2021. What economic sectors are included in the criteria as prime, potential, developing and underdeveloped sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 - 2021. Quantitative analysis methods used in processing this data is Location quotient (LQ), Shift Share, Growth Ratio Model (MRP) and Overlay Analysis processed using Microsoft Office Excel. The results of the study show that the economic sectors which are categorized as basic sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 – 2021 are the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sectors; Mining and excavation; Construction; Transportation and Warehousing; Administration of Government, Defense and mandatory social security; Education Services.

Dengue fever is a disease caused by the dengue virus and is transmitted through the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector. One of the prevention of dengue disease that can be done is the use of repellent. Herbal insecticides are insecticides whose basic ingredients are derived from plants. One of the plants that can be used is tubal root plants. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of repellent from tuba root extract on the perchability of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This study is an experimental research using the Complete Random Design (RAL) method which consists of 4 treatment levels: 5 ml tuba root extract, 10 ml tuba root extract, 15 ml tuba root extract and 20 ml tuba root extract. The results of this study obtained the total perching power of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes against repellent of tubal root extract which was carried out in 6 repetitions, namely in the composition of A1 (5 ml) as much as 4%, the composition of A2 (10 ml) as much as 1.6%, the composition of A3 (15 ml) as much as 0.83%, the composition of A4 (20 ml) as much as 0.3%. The results of the one-way anova test obtained a significant result of 0.005 (p<0.05) showing the repellent effect of tuba root extract on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This study proves that the repellent of tuba root extract that is the most effective against the perching power of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, namely repellent of tuba root extract with a composition of A4 (20 ml).

Nurse is power vulnerable health​ experiencing Culture Shock, namely difficulty adapt with environment Work new that has difference culture. A preliminary study was conducted at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang on 12 nurses. show that 89.85% experienced Culture Shock. Of them, 71.05% faced stress Work light, 78.95% stress Work moderate , and 85.53% stressed Work weight . This result indicates the need study more carry on For evaluate connection between Culture Shock and level stress Work nurse , so that step intervention can formulated for quality service health. Analyze connection between Culture Shock and level stress Work nurse at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. Study quantitative with cross-sectional design, conducted on 95 nurses at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang using total sampling technique . Data collected use valid and reliable questionnaire , with analysis using the Chi-square. Based on results study This show that from 95 nurses implementers at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang, as many as 20,0% experienced Culture Shock in the category less , 33,7% category enough , and 46,3% category good . Meanwhile that , level stress Work shows 56,8% in category light , 33,7% category medium , and 9,5% category heavy. Study This conclude that there is connection significant between Culture Shock and level stress Work nurses at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang (p = 0.000).

This paper's goal is to undertake a critical evaluation of Nigerian democracy's speed, practices, patterns, priorities, issues, and future. Although Nigeria is still run by democratically elected officials, after a century as a political entity, Nigeria has yet to institutionalize democracy at the federal and state levels. After more than 50 years of political independence, the study examines some of the challenges Nigeria faces in institutionalizing democracy. These include the nation's colonial past mixed with the whims of deeply ingrained ethnicity; a smug and extravagant leadership; the military's constant meddling in the democratic process; electoral fraud; widespread poverty; and a high rate of illiteracy. According to the publication, corruption is the main cause of most of the aforementioned issues and has essentially taken on a life of its own in Nigeria. However, the study argues that despite the aforementioned, there is still hope for a politically secure and democratically viable People's enthusiasm to vote, the multi-party system's relative stability and sustainability, and the widespread recognition that the only legitimate and well-liked path to gaining political power is through the voting booth are what define the nation. The historical approach of data analysis—simple descriptive collation and analysis of historical data—is used in this paper, which draws its data from primary and secondary source materials. 

Roads are the main infrastructure that supports human life. When the infrastructure in the form of roads is good, then all community activities, from the economy, transportation, to equitable development can also be realized well. Sepinggan, South Balikpapan District, Balikpapan City is one of the cities in East Kalimantan whose road infrastructure is quite adequate. However, there is a road that does not have maximum lighting at night. Apart from poor visibility and increasing the risk of accidents, it also risks attracting crime. Therefore, members of the Balikpapan University KKN 2024 made street lighting at Posyandu Kusuma RT 58. The street lighting was made with solar power. Solar powered street lighting was chosen to maximize power efficiency. The methods used in these activities are identification, implementation, and achievements or outputs of activities. The people of RT 58 really appreciate the making of solar panel lights carried out by the 2024 Balikpapan University KKN team. The community's activities at night when passing through roads that already have cell panel lights become more optimal and productive.

This study discusses the comparison of efficiency between Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) techniques in electric motor control. The background of this research is based on the importance of energy efficiency in industrial applications using electric motors. The aim of this study is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of each method in the context of energy savings and motor performance. The method used is a quasi-experimental design, where both techniques are tested on the same three-phase induction motor to compare power consumption and operational efficiency. The findings indicate that the use of VFD is significantly more efficient in reducing power consumption compared to PWM and provides better torque stability in the motor. The implications of this research suggest that the application of VFD can enhance energy efficiency and reduce operational costs, which is crucial for industries. This study is expected to serve as a reference for further development in electric motor control technology.

This research aims to describe government cooperation in handling the clean water crisis. With a qualitative descriptive approach, the research uses data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the analysis relate to handling the water crisis by the government, NGOs and the community, making infiltration wells and greening the area around the springs. Regarding power and coercion, he emphasized that there has not been good cooperation between institutions, but each institution has its own participation in handling the water crisis, such as carrying out traditional rituals, using village funds to manage the water crisis, but there are problems such as, there is no good collaboration, management is still based on secular ego, participation between government, private sector and society is still limited. The crisis shows that every government and non-government institution, and the community, has a way to be involved in managing the drinking water crisis, such as coordinating with various parties, creating joint discussions involving the entire government and community, managing rivers, and cleaning water sources. The conclusion of the research is that there is good cooperation between government and non-government institutions starting from the community, village government, district sub-district through related agencies.

Contractual fairness is a fundamental principle in international trade, ensuring balanced and equitable agreements between parties of different jurisdictions. However, disparities in bargaining power, varying legal standards, and cultural differences often lead to imbalances that challenge the notion of fairness. This study examines the concept of contractual fairness within the framework of international trade and analyzes the business law standards that govern cross-border agreements. The research explores how contractual fairness is interpreted and enforced under different legal systems, emphasizing its significance in promoting transparency and fostering trust in international business relationships. Through a comparative analysis of legal frameworks in major trading jurisdictions, the study identifies key factors that influence fairness, including standardized contractual terms, dispute resolution mechanisms, and the role of international organizations like the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). This study also highlights the challenges of achieving fairness in complex trade agreements, such as those involving developing economies, where unequal access to legal resources and expertise can create significant disadvantages. By addressing these challenges, the research aims to propose practical solutions for harmonizing business law standards and enhancing contractual fairness in international trade.The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on global trade reform, offering insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and businesses. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that ensures fairness while maintaining the flexibility necessary for dynamic international trade practices.

This study examines the impact of political and public official corruption on Nigerian democracy and government legitimacy between 1999 and 2023. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, supported by documentary analysis, with the elite theory framework as the basis for gathering and evaluating relevant data. The study argues that the pervasive corruption within Nigeria’s democratic system is largely driven by the ruling elites, who control both political power and wealth. The elites are able to appropriate state powers and utilize them to amass resources and build networks of patronage, which are crucial for maintaining their dominance and subjugating the un-elite majority. Through the lens of power relations, the study highlights how these corrupt practices have led to the entrenchment of the elites’ control over political and economic systems. The study concludes that political corruption has significantly undermined the government's ability to provide essential public goods and services, which has, in turn, contributed to a decline in public trust in Nigeria's political institutions and democratic processes during this period. As the political landscape has become increasingly dominated by corruption, citizens have grown disillusioned with the system. The study recommends that Nigeria's political leadership reassess its current, money-driven and self-serving political approach, and adopt a more service-oriented model. Strengthening the rule of law, promoting public involvement in governance, and ensuring governmental accountability and legitimacy could help prevent Nigeria's slide toward political authoritarianism and reverse the democratic decline.

The Indonesian National Army Law (UU TNI) is a legal product that regulates the role, function and authority of the TNI in the Indonesian constitutional system. In the context of this policy, the power apparatus plays a role in the formation, implementation and supervision of regulations governing the TNI. The power apparatus includes the executive, legislative, and actors who have an interest in the state's defense and security structure. In policy formation, political actors and government institutions play a dominant role in formulating regulations that balance civilian and military interests. The implementation of the TNI Law is also greatly influenced by how power is exercised, both in the defense bureaucratic aspect and in the relationship between the military and the civilian government. The tendency for politicization of military institutions can occur if there is excessive intervention from political power in determining strategic defense policies. Apart from that, the power dynamics in the TNI Law policy are also related to how control and supervision mechanisms are implemented. Security sector reform requires a balance between civilian supremacy and military professionalism to ensure that the regulations made do not conflict with democratic principles. Therefore, understanding the power apparatus in the TNI Law policy is important in examining the extent of the role and influence of political actors on the regulations governing military institutions in Indonesia.

This study explores the representation of sexual violence and women's resistance in Shireishou's novel Obsessive Loves. Utilizing a qualitative approach with content analysis, the research examines how the narrative addresses the psychological trauma of the victims and the patriarchal social structures that perpetuate sexual violence. Drawing on Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytic theories alongside Walby’s feminist perspectives and the concept of rape culture, the study identifies and interprets critical excerpts from the novel. The findings reveal that Obsessive Loves portrays sexual violence as a systemic issue tied to power dynamics within patriarchal structures, reflecting deep psychological impacts such as PTSD and dissociation. The novel also highlights women's resistance as a form of empowerment and recovery, emphasizing the importance of solidarity and social support. This research contributes to feminist literary studies by demonstrating how fiction serves as a powerful medium for critiquing patriarchal norms and advocating for social change.

Student creativity in processing information and presenting it interestingly is an important skill in the world of modern education. This service aims to increase the creativity of class XI Science students at Madrasah Aliyah Pekanbaru through training in the use of Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint. This training includes the delivery of material and direct practice. This training provides an in-depth understanding of the features of these two applications, such as text processing, presentation design, and the function and use of CTRL A-Z in Microsoft Word. This training contributes to developing students' creativity while increasing their readiness to face academic and professional challenges in the future.

This qualitative literature review explores the strategic role of contingent payment mechanisms (CPMs) in high-stakes transactions, such as mergers, acquisitions, and technology licensing. Synthesizing insights from 58 scholarly sources across finance, strategy, and negotiation research, the study reveals that CPMs—such as earnouts, milestone payments, and royalties—serve not only as risk-sharing instruments but also as vehicles for managing bargaining power and relational uncertainty. While CPMs can promote efficiency and deal closure under information asymmetry, they also risk introducing post-deal frictions if poorly aligned with contractual enforcement or behavioral expectations. This review highlights the need to reconceptualize CPMs as dynamic tools shaped by contextual power imbalances, strategic foresight, and institutional frameworks. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of how efficiency and bargaining power interact within complex, long-horizon transactional environments

This study aims to analyze the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) as an innovative strategy to improve students' cognitive in biology class X.IA2 learning at SMA 09 Pekanbaru. The method used was qualitative through interviews with teachers and students and literature review was used to collect and analyze data. The results of the analysis show that PBL improves concept understanding, critical thinking, and problem solving. Teachers revealed that PBL creates more interactive learning, while students feel more motivated and active. The literature review also confirmed that PBL improves students' analytical power, creativity, and independence. The results recommend the widespread application of PBL to improve the quality of learning.

Student creativity in processing information and presenting it interestingly is an important skill in the world of modern education. This service aims to increase the creativity of class XI Science students at Madrasah Aliyah Pekanbaru through training in the use of Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint. This training includes the delivery of material and direct practice. This training provides an in-depth understanding of the features of these two applications, such as text processing, presentation design, and the function and use of CTRL A-Z in Microsoft Word. This training contributes to developing students' creativity while increasing their readiness to face academic and professional challenges in the future.

The issuance of Perppu Number 2 of 2022 has led to various dynamic debates within society. The government's actions have shown attempts to "circumvent" Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 and even eliminate the legislative role in the process of amending laws. Autocratic legalism is a situation where the law is utilized as a tool by the rulers (whether executive, legislative, judicial, or a combination thereof) to legitimize their actions in accumulating and consolidating power under the guise of law. The research findings indicate that the consequences of the issuance of Perppu Number 2 of 2022 include the violation of the legislative drafting grace period, failing to resolve legal uncertainties, and being considered non-aspirational, non-participatory, and non-transparent in its formation.