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The phenomenon of using non-Hajj visas for pilgrimage has deprived many pilgrims of legal protection, with numerous cases of arrests by Saudi authorities resulting in deportation and even a ten-year ban on entering Saudi Arabia. This study adopts a qualitative case study design with an empirical legal research approach. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis at PT Mirbath Tour and Travel Palu. The primary data source was an interview with the Director of PT Mirbath, while secondary sources included the Qur’an, Hadith, legislation, journals, articles, theses, dissertations, and reference books. Data analysis employed reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings highlight three key points. First, PT Mirbath facilitated Hajj departures using multiple-entry visas with significant limitations, such as the absence of tents in Mina and Muzdalifah, restricted access to facilities, and alternative routes from Riyadh to bypass checkpoints. Second, the use of non-Hajj visas indicates that the implementation of Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 8 of 2019 on the Administration of Hajj and Umrah has not been effectively enforced, with policy gaps and weak operational oversight remaining apparent. Third, although the contractual arrangements applied appear consistent with the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah), they conflict with the foundations of sharia economic law, as the use of non-Hajj visas involves elements of gharar (uncertainty), lack of transparency, and contractual objectives inconsistent with maqasid al-shariah.

Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is a form of decision by placing the company to be more organized and structured, according on the principles of transparency, independence, responsibility, accountability, also fairness. This study goal to determine the effect of professionalism, internal control systems, also internal audits on the implementation of GCG. This study uses a quantitative research type. The population comprised of 156 individuals is the personnel of the Administration & Commercial Division, Engineering Division, and Operational Division at PT Angkasa Pura Indonesia, Supadio Airport Branch, which are involved in the implementation of GCG. Utilizing the Slovin formula and data collection techniques, the sampling technique is purposive and non-probability, with a total of 115 respondents receiving questionnaires. Validity, reliability, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, also coefficient of determination were used in this study to facilitate data processing, assisted by IBM SPSS version 25. The study findings indicate that professionalism, internal control systems, also internal audits on the implementation of GCG. Partially, the professionalism has a significant positive impact on the implementation of GCG, can be seen from the sig value 0.007 < 0.05, the internal control system has a significant positive impact on the implementation of GCG, can be seen from the sig value 0.000 < 0.05, and internal audit has a significant positive impact on the implementation of GCG, can be seen from the sig value 0.000 < 0.05.

Islamic insurance (takaful) is a financial instrument that functions not only as risk protection but also as an investment tool based on sharia principles. So far, the most commonly applied tijarah contracts in Islamic insurance are limited to wakalah bil ujrah and mudharabah. In fact, the development of modern society’s needs requires the diversification of contracts so that the offered products become more varied and competitive. This study aims to analyze the potential optimization of other tijarah contracts, such as musyarakah, murabahah, ijarah, and istishna’, in the development of Islamic insurance products. The research method used is library research with a descriptive qualitative approach, which involves reviewing literature, journals, DSN-MUI fatwas, and related regulations. The findings indicate that the application of other tijarah contracts has the potential to enrich Islamic insurance product variations, enhance transparency in fund management, and strengthen the competitiveness of Islamic insurance compared to conventional insurance. Furthermore, the diversification of contracts can provide solutions to the limited and monotonous business models of Islamic insurance. However, several challenges arise, including the absence of specific regulations governing these contracts, limited public understanding, and technical complexities in implementation. This study recommends the active role of regulators, especially DSN-MUI and OJK, in formulating clearer regulations and encouraging Islamic insurance companies to innovate by applying diverse sharia-based contracts. Thus, the optimization of other tijarah contracts will not only strengthen the existence of Islamic insurance in Indonesia but also fulfill society’s demand for financial products that are halal, innovative, and competitive.

Leadership is a very important aspect in various organizations, including church organizations. There are many leadership characteristics in the Bible that can serve as models for leadership in the church. This article is a literature review using a qualitative approach to the text of 1 Timothy 4:12, focusing on the leadership of a young person. Its purpose is to encourage students to understand and apply the leadership model mentioned in 1 Timothy 4:12. The method used is descriptive analysis of the text of 1 Timothy 4:12, in order to provide a clear picture and understanding of the principles of young leadership. In addition, the descriptive method is also used to assess students’ understanding of leadership principles based on the text, as well as the level of their application in life and ministry. In conclusion, students understand the leadership principles in 1 Timothy 4:12, especially the importance of being an example, where the quality of a young person’s character is not merely theoretical, but students are able to live it out.

This research analyzes the fundamental conflict between state regulation and Sharia principles regarding cryptocurrency in Indonesia, aiming to explore the views of Islamic scholars and the legal perspective in the Qur'an and its interpretations. Cryptocurrency has become a popular investment trend, especially among the youth. While the Bank Indonesia (BI) prohibits its use as a legal payment instrument, its trading activity is legalized as an investment asset under the supervision of OJK and BI. Conversely, the MUI Fatwa and the majority of scholars declare crypto transactions as forbidden (haram) due to the presence of elements prohibited in Islamic economics: riba (usury) and gharar (uncertainty). Gharar is linked to the extreme price volatility that encourages speculation (maysir) and the non-physical nature of crypto. Riba, on the other hand, is associated with the potential for unfair profit in lending and staking mechanisms. This prohibition is rooted in the interpretation of the Qur'an (QS. Al-Baqarah: 275 and QS. An-Nisa: 29), which strictly forbids riba and consuming others' wealth through bathil (unlawful) means. Consequently, although legally accepted as an investment asset, many scholars view crypto as violating the principles of justice and transparency in Islamic economics.

. Sharia financial institutions in Indonesia have experienced significant growth in line with increasing public demand for financial systems that comply with sharia principles. This growth requires clear regulations and policies to create stability, legal certainty, and protection for customers. This article examines the dynamics of regulations governing Islamic financial institutions, from the initial role of Bank Indonesia (BI) to the establishment of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) as the main supervisory and regulatory agency. In addition, this article also discusses the contribution of the National Sharia Council–Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) in issuing fatwas that form the basis for the operation of Islamic products and services. With the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) and other related regulations, the supervision of Islamic financial institutions has become more integrated, effective, and adaptive to industry developments. This study confirms that the existence of comprehensive regulations and policies not only strengthens the governance of Islamic financial institutions but also encourages the growth and competitiveness of the Islamic financial industry at both the national and global levels.

Population growth and lifestyle changes in Indonesia have led to complex waste management issues, negatively impacting social, health, and environmental sustainability aspects. To address this, a sustainable management approach that actively involves community participation is necessary. The concept of a Waste Bank, based on the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), emerges as a strategic, community-based solution. This community service program aims to encourage active community participation in the Waste Bank program in Tanjung Uban Selatan, Bintan Regency, while supporting the realization of a Smart City based on intelligent and participatory environments. The methodology used is a qualitative approach to gain in-depth understanding. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies. Key informants were purposively selected from various stakeholders, including Waste Bank administrators, local government representatives, and community members. The results show that, although initially challenging to increase community participation, the program has had a significant positive impact. It successfully shifted the community's view of waste as a valuable economic resource. Quantitatively, this is reflected in stable income from the sale of high-quality inorganic waste, such as metals and electronic waste. The program also led to strategic innovations, including sustainable education, waste savings incentives, social media use, and the "Dasi Umat" empowerment program. The success of this program, strengthened by awards at the district and national levels, makes it a model for sustainable waste management focused on community empowerment and supporting smart city development.

Solid financial performance is a crucial foundation for companies to achieve long-term success. In the banking context, financial health assessments are essential, as they directly relate to the stability of the national financial system. Therefore, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has established standards for evaluating bank soundness using the RGEC method, which includes four key aspects: Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Earnings, and Capital. This study aims to analyze the soundness level of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk (BCA) during the 2020–2024 period using the RGEC approach. The assessment is conducted by evaluating financial ratios such as Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Return on Assets (ROA), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The analysis results show that BCA achieved a "very healthy" rating (PK-1) in all RGEC aspects. This reflects BCA's ability to effectively manage risk, implement sound corporate governance principles, and maintain strong profitability and capital. These findings strengthen BCA's position as one of the best-performing banks in Indonesia and demonstrate the company's commitment to maintaining financial stability and customer trust.

The principle of "Al-Umuru Bi Maqasidiha," meaning "everything depends on its purpose," is one of the main principles of Islamic law that plays a crucial role in Islamic economic practices. This research aims to outline the meaning, legal basis, branches, and application of this principle in modern economic activities. The method used is a literature review, examining the Quran, Hadith, the opinions of scholars, and contemporary studies related to Islamic economics. The results of the study indicate that intention is a key factor in determining the validity or invalidity of an act, both in worship and transactions. This principle is relevant to addressing contemporary transaction developments, such as Islamic banking, fintech, and digital investment instruments, by emphasizing objectives aligned with the maqasid al-shariah (Islamic principles). The evolving branches of this principle emphasize the role of intention in distinguishing between custom and worship, establishing the validity of contracts, and transforming permissible activities into acts of worship. Its application in Islamic economics encompasses transaction contracts, asset management (mal), and Islamic banking practices, all of which are directed toward achieving benefits and preventing harm. In conclusion, the principle of Al-Umuru Bi Maqasidiha (The Principle of Proper Conduct and the Principle of Good Conduct) is highly urgent in building an Islamic economic system that is just, imbued with integrity, and oriented toward blessings.

This study aims to examine the implementation and compliance with halal principles in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Indonesia. The halal aspect in these industries is crucial, as it directly relates to the permissibility of raw materials, production processes, and distribution that are consumed and used by Muslim communities. The research method applied is a literature review, analyzing government regulations, religious fatwas, and relevant previous studies. The findings indicate that the implementation of halal principles covers various aspects, including the selection of raw materials free from prohibited or impure substances, production processes that meet hygiene and halal standards, proper storage, distribution that is separated from non-halal products, and transparent marketing strategies. Producers’ compliance with halal requirements is influenced by several factors, such as growing consumer awareness, the role of government regulations in mandating halal certification, and corporate social as well as ethical responsibility. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles in its application, including the limited understanding of halal standards among certain producers, the lack of halal testing facilities, and certification costs that are considered burdensome for small and medium-sized enterprises. This study emphasizes that the success of halal implementation in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products requires collaboration among all stakeholders, including government bodies, halal certification authorities, industries, and society. Through such synergistic efforts, the sustainability of the halal industry can be ensured while also providing safety, comfort, and spiritual assurance for Muslim consumers in Indonesia.

Inheritance involving adopted children often becomes a complex and controversial issue in Indonesia’s dual legal system. In Islamic law, inheritance is strictly based on blood and marital relationships; therefore, adopted children are not considered legal heirs. To address this limitation, Article 209 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) introduces the concept of a wasiat wajibah or mandatory will, allowing adopted children to receive up to one-third of the adoptive parents’ estate. In contrast, civil law treats adopted children as equivalent to biological children if the adoption is legally recognized, granting them full inheritance rights. These contrasting provisions create legal disparities and confusion within society. This study aims to explore the different legal treatments of adopted children under both systems, identify the challenges they face, and analyze efforts toward harmonization. Using a qualitative, normative-juridical approach through literature and regulatory analysis, the study finds that Islamic law restricts inheritance through gifts and wills, while civil law ensures equal rights. Challenges include legal uncertainty, inconsistent judicial interpretations, and potential conflicts between adopted and biological heirs. Harmonization efforts are reflected in KHI provisions, legal reforms on adoption, and judicial practices seeking to balance sharia principles, social justice, and legal certainty.

Rapid technological developments create opportunities for businesses to scale their businesses. Sharia Micro KUR is a step toward optimizing working capital and investment in accordance with sharia principles. This study aims to analyze the role of Micro KUR financing, outline strategies for utilizing Micro KUR financing in the digital era, and identify challenges in distributing and utilizing Micro KUR to increase the competitiveness of MSMEs. This study uses a qualitative approach and descriptive methods with primary and secondary data sources through observation, interviews with Micro staff, and literature review of articles related to MSMEs in the Digital Era. The analysis shows that Micro KUR financing is a solution for economic development in Indonesia, serving halal MSMEs facing capital challenges. Sharia Micro KUR can be utilized by MSMEs to meet their capital needs as an alternative to adopting digital marketing technology through social media. However, behind the utilization of Micro KUR, there are significant challenges in distributing BSI and utilizing MSMEs. Suggestions for other researchers include applying a quantitative approach with statistical data analysis regarding the relationship between the use of Sharia Micro KUR and increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs in the digital era.

This study aims to explore how Indonesia's auspicious legal framework supports the establishment and functionality of cooperatives and identify challenges to its implementation. Used in this study is a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR), whose collection and review of literature were conducted through various academic sources with complementary legislation. The results of the research indicate that in spite of the existence of formal arrangements and rules for institutional factors and cooperative health assessments, field practice is weak due to lack of understanding, socialization, and effective supervision. Social and geographical diversity and legal limitations are also major concerns in the realization of adaptive and sustainable cooperatives. Therefore, the regulatory approach has to be reformed and the institutional strength of cooperatives increased to guarantee more effective functioning as well as in accordance with cooperative principles.

Environmental issues have become one of the primary focal points with high priority at regional, national, and international levels. A comprehensive understanding, free from dichotomy, is crucial in formulating policies related to sustainable development that integrate the dimensions of nature, social space, and the environment. The environmental degradation currently being experienced is a serious problem that requires in-depth attention from all stakeholders. Therefore, strong commitment and strategic action from the government are necessary to formulate policies that address the challenges of environmental damage that continue to escalate. Indonesia, as a country in Asia, plays a vital role in controlling global climate change and environmental governance. The approaches of governance and governability in environmental policy emphasize the importance of building institutional networks and partnerships from various sectors, including government, society, and the private sector (multi-stakeholders). All actors involved must share a common vision on environmental policies and strive to integrate environmental issues across various sectors, such as economics, social affairs, and politics. These governance and governability approaches must be grounded in the principles of green government and green policy, which have already been established as part of the national development agenda. This approach also highlights the importance of principles that are long-term, relevant, stable, prudent, and self-reliant in responding to environmental governance and policy issues in Indonesia. By applying these principles, it is hoped that the policies implemented will be more effective and provide positive impacts for environmental sustainability. Therefore, collaboration between the government and all relevant sectors is crucial in creating policies that ensure the continued preservation of the environment for the welfare of future generations.

This study aims to describe the management of the Certified Independent Study Program (SIB) in the fields of Data Analytics and Software Engineering organized by PT Revolusi Citra Edukasi. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, daily activity logbooks, and documentation. Data analysis followed an interactive model consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results reveal that the management of the SIB program is implemented through four key aspects: planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling. The planning stage includes the development of an adaptive modular curriculum, the formulation of short-term and long-term objectives, and the active involvement of industry practitioners. This stage reflects the principles of transparency, accountability, and responsibility. The organizing aspect is realized through a well-defined yet flexible organizational structure, supported by fair task distribution and clear role assignments, which embody independence, fairness, and transparency. In the actuating stage, program implementation is carried out using project-based learning methods, mentoring sessions, and active coaching. These activities are designed to ensure equitable access to guidance, transparent communication, and shared responsibility between instructors and participants. The controlling aspect involves regular digital evaluations, weekly feedback mechanisms, and collaborative assessments with industry partners, ensuring continuous improvement and adherence to program goals. Overall, the management of the SIB program at PT Revolusi Citra Edukasi demonstrates a high level of professionalism and alignment with the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG). The integration of adaptive planning, transparent organization, participatory implementation, and accountable evaluation processes ensures that the program not only meets its educational objectives but also fosters industry readiness among participants. These findings highlight the importance of structured yet flexible management practices in enhancing the effectiveness of independent study programs within the context of higher education and industry collaboration.

This research endeavors to scrutinize how keen students are on learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMKS Muhammadiyah 9 Medan. The impetus for this investigation arises from the noticeable lack of enthusiasm among students when they attend PAI lessons. These lessons are frequently seen as uninteresting, lacking variety, and less stimulating when compared to the vocational subjects they are studying. These circumstances create difficulties for PAI instructors, who must establish a learning environment that not only delivers content but also cultivates real motivation and a genuine passion in the students. A qualitative descriptive method was used for this study, and information was gathered through classroom observations, conversations with instructors and students, and surveys to gain insights into students' views on their educational experiences. The information was analyzed to pinpoint the internal and external elements that affect learning interest. The results show that the students' level of interest in learning is somewhere between moderate and low. Personal drive, study routines, and students' mental preparation are examples of internal variables, whereas teaching strategies, the use of educational resources, and the backing of the school setting and family are examples of external variables. The research emphasizes the necessity for teaching strategies that are relevant, diverse, engaging, and more in line with the requirements of the students, based on these findings. It is hoped that learning PAI will not only improve cognitive comprehension but will also raise awareness of the significance of Islamic principles in daily life.

This study examines how Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) resolves financing disputes internally. Employing a qualitative approach with library research, the study draws on scholarly articles, books, and related documents. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to identify common internal settlement practices that align with Sharia principles and national law. Results indicate that BMTs typically use deliberation among parties, mediation involving management or the Sharia Supervisory Board, and restructuring of financing as primary means to resolve conflicts. These options are favored to preserve institutional-member relationships and reduce adverse financial and social consequences. When internal measures do not succeed, disputes may be referred to Sharia arbitration or to religious courts. The findings highlight the importance of blending Sharia values with positive legal frameworks to ensure dispute resolution is fair, efficient, and sustainable.

This study aims to examine the Islamic legal maxim al-yaqīn lā yuzālu bi al-syakk (certainty is not removed by doubt), along with its foundations, branches, and applications in the context of Islamic economics. This maxim plays a crucial role in Islamic legal rulings as it provides guidance that something already established with certainty cannot be nullified merely by subsequent doubt. This research adopts a literature review method by analyzing the Qur’an, hadiths, and various recent academic references. The findings indicate that this legal maxim safeguards legal certainty, prevents decision-making based on mere speculation, and protects individual rights in transactions. Several derivative principles, such as al-ashlu baqā’ mā kāna ‘alā mā kāna, al-ashlu barā’atu al-dzimmah, and al-ashlu fil asy-ya’ al-ibāhah, reinforce the notion that the original legal status remains valid until proven otherwise by strong evidence. Its application in Islamic economics covers trade transactions, mudharabah contracts, asset ownership, and debt settlement, all of which require valid proof before altering an established legal status. This study concludes that implementing the maxim al-yaqīn lā yuzālu bi al-syakk remains highly relevant in the context of modern economic development, as it ensures fairness, minimizes disputes, and promotes secure and sharia-compliant transactions.

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in supporting the livelihoods and economic stability of Indonesian society, particularly within the Pademawu community. Indonesia’s vast agrarian landscape and strong reliance on agriculture have shaped various local traditions and cooperative systems among farmers. One such system is the muzara’ah agreement, a form of agricultural profit-sharing partnership between landowners and cultivators. This research focuses on the implementation of the Paron La’as agreement, a traditional form of muzara’ah practiced by the Pademawu community, which reflects both economic cooperation and Islamic legal principles. The study employs a qualitative approach using a field research design to collect descriptive data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings reveal that the Paron La’as system is conducted in accordance with the principles of Islamic law governing muzara’ah contracts, particularly in terms of fairness, mutual consent, and proportional profit distribution between landowners and farmers. Moreover, the study highlights how this cooperative practice not only strengthens economic ties within the community but also preserves local wisdom and social harmony. Therefore, the Paron La’as model demonstrates an effective integration of Islamic economic values with traditional agricultural systems, serving as a sustainable example of community-based agricultural cooperation in Indonesia.

Strengthening the education of students and parents through flagship programs such as Tahfidz Quran, Hizbul Wathan, and Silat Tapak Suci is a noble effort that must be present in Islamic education, especially in the era of information disruption 5.0. The strategic role of teachers, parents, and religious leaders is crucial in shaping a generation that is both faithful and virtuous. Education that integrates religious values and local wisdom serves as a foundation for facing the increasingly complex challenges of the modern world. Therefore, the community service team is committed to sharing the knowledge they possess with parents, teacher councils, and students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Muhammadiyah Kota Pariaman. Through this program, it is expected that the understanding and skills in educating children will improve, and the relationship between schools, families, and communities will be strengthened. With proper guidance, it is hoped that future generations will be able to face global challenges while maintaining strong religious and moral principles.