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This study aims to analyse the implementation of literacy programs in three primary schools, namely SDN 8 Bandar Laksamana, SDN 14 Teluk Mesjid and SDN 92 Pekanbaru. The research method used was observation and document analysis of literacy activities conducted by these schools. The results show that the three schools have implemented various types of literacy, such as literacy in reading and writing, digital literacy, science literacy, financial literacy, numeracy literacy and cultural-civic literacy. Through habituation, development and learning, students are given the opportunity to develop literacy skills holistically. Keywords relevant to this study are literacy, literacy program, primary school, observation, document analysis. This study shows that the successful implementation of literacy programs is supported by the commitment and efforts of schools in providing varied literacy experiences and actively involving students. The literacy programs help students improve their skills in reading, writing, using digital technology, understanding science, managing finances, understanding mathematics, and appreciating culture and citizenship. The findings provide important insights for educators and policy makers in improving the quality of basic education and students' literacy development.

In this era of globalization, marketing is more of an information warfare between different parties with the aim of making sales. The marketing environment is rapidly changing, and with these changes, the need for information, latest products, shifts in buyer attitudes and behaviors towards decision-making and product acquisition, as well as the ability to identify opportunities in appropriate marketing, becomes essential. This paper is a literature review using a qualitative descriptive approach, aiming to describe product mix strategies. The methodology employed for data collection is documentation, along with various articles and books, followed by content analysis. The findings of this paper reveal that studying consumers can provide insights for the development of new products, product uniqueness, pricing, distribution channels, advertising messages, and other new marketing elements. A focal point for understanding behavior is the stimulus-response model. Buyer characteristics and decision-making processes lead to specific buyer decisions. The marketing task involves comprehending what occurs in the buyer’s consciousness from external stimuli to the emergence of the buyer's purchasing decision.

This study aims to provide insights and understanding of the importance of the relationship between leaders and members in creating a healthy and productive work environment, as well as assisting organizations in designing more effective leadership development programs. The study utilizes a literature review method to compile research frameworks based on relevant previous studies. The findings of the study indicate that the quality of the relationship between leaders and members significantly influences organizational performance. A better relationship between leaders and members has positive impacts on employee performance, innovative attitudes, work ethics, employee loyalty, job engagement, employee performance, organizational citizenship behavior, effective communication, job satisfaction, and significant reduction in turnover intention. This highlights the importance for organizations to pay attention to the quality of the relationship between leaders and members in creating a healthy and productive work environment. Additionally, organizations should also focus on leadership development that enhances the quality of the relationship between leaders and members.    

This study aims to investigate the acquisition of consonants in children's phonological development. Phonological development is a complex process that involves the acquisition and use of speech sounds. The acquisition of consonants is particularly significant as they play a crucial role in the formation of words and overall language development. This research will explore various factors that contribute to the acquisition of consonants, such as articulatory mechanisms, phonetic inventory development, and phonological patterns. Additionally, the study will examine the sequence and rate of consonant acquisition, potential cross-linguistic differences, and the impact of individual and environmental factors on this developmental process. The findings from this study will provide valuable insights into the specific challenges and milestones associated with consonant acquisition, contributing to our understanding of phonological development in children.

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Qur'an qashash method used in educational institutions, especially at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra in the Arabic Language Education study program. This study uses several basic methods in writing scientific papers. By collecting several reading references or using the literature study method and at the same time distributing questionnaires in the form of question variables through the Google form media. The research shows the respondents' understanding of the Al-Qur'an qashash method which is an illustration of the effectiveness of Al-Qur'an qashash-based learning methods.

This article aims to describe the concept of transformative leadership in organizations or companies. This article uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a library research method. The results of this article explain overall about transformational leadership which includes understanding, principles, styles, various factors, characteristics, steps, advantages and disadvantages of transformational leadership. The conclusion obtained in this article is that leadership with a new approach is an inevitable need in facing the demands of the times that are so fast. One of them is the need for a transformative leadership model that is able to develop the potential of themselves and their subordinates innovatively, empowering staff and organizations with changes in thinking, developing vision, understanding and understanding of organizational goals, and bringing the organization towardssustainable change.    

The problem that is often faced by MSMEs is usually the lack of building an identity from the product being sold. The problem of MSMEs in Turi Village, Blitar City also has the problem of a lack of building product identity. Many MSMEs still use packaging that looks old school, less attractive, and seems monotonous. The purpose of this activity is to provide an understanding of the importance of building an identity and product image so that it can be easily recognized by the public and able to compete with other competitors. The methods used in this community service activity are surveys, interviews, discussions, and applications. The results obtained from this community service activity are packaging development assistance starting from, packaging labels, more attractive product packaging. Provide an understanding of the importance of building a brand identity, so that in the future these MSMEs can compete with other competitors who sell similar products. Because having a good brand identity will increase Brand Awareness for that brand.

Community service activities to provide knowledge about assisting in the preparation of financial reports at UD. Palwa group. This activity was carried out on May 4 2023 to May 11 2023. The method of activity is by presenting material, discussions, training and mentoring. a series of community service activities as follows: the implementing team presents material on preparing financial reports, the practice of making financial reports manually and digitally, solicits participant feedback regarding the quality of the training including material understanding, activity benefits and activity implementation satisfaction.  

This review dissects the ineffectualness of sentences in discourse messages in the Indonesian language book Class VIII of the Merdeka Educational program and in the Indonesian language module Topic 12 Class VI. This research analysis is approached using both theoretical and methodological approaches. The theoretical approach to analyzing effective sentences employs an analytical approach in the field of syntax, whereas the methodological approach employs a qualitative descriptive approach. This study's data were gathered through the use of note-taking and extensive reading as data collection methods. Reading the speech's text carefully and thoroughly is the initial step. Following that was to note any sentences in the speech's text that were deemed to be ineffective. The distribution method and the interactive analysis method were employed in this study's data analysis, which followed all data collection. Informal means of data presentation are used. Data can be presented informally by focusing on decomposition with common words. Tabular data presentation is also utilized for this research. Analysis results showed that sentences in speech text were ineffective due to the incompatibility of effective sentence characteristics like equivalence, parallelism, thriftiness, accuracy, coherence, and logic. The findings of this study enhance the researchers' understanding of the subject under investigation. This research can also be used by the general public to help them write good speech texts with good sentences. Keywords:,,,,.

Legality has an important role for the progress of the business owned by all business actors, because legality is basically a form of granting permits granted by the authorities to every business actor in running their business. Legality itself is said to be important because it is used as evidence that the business being run or established is feasible and ongoing. People who do not understand the importance of business legality are a problem that causes many business actors who do not have business legality to support their business. The community service carried out by Group 10 KKN-T MBKM UPN "Veteran" East Java aims to sensitize the community, especially business actors, especially in Ngrimbi Village, Bareng District, Jombang Regency regarding the importance of business legality and provide assistance in making a business legality. The method of implementing community service carried out by Group 10 KKN-T MBKM UPN "Veteran" East Java is divided into 3 (three) stages, the first step begins with providing understanding to business people about the importance of business legality through socialization that we held in the first week. Second, data collection of all Ngrimbi village Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and registering NIB (Business Identification Number) which has been scheduled by the village. The third is business mentoring with the aim of improving and marketing the products they want to sell. The implementation of this activity was carried out by Group 10 KKN-T MBKM UPN "Veteran" East Java consisting of 10 people. The result of this activity is the awareness of business actors in Ngrimbi Village about the importance of business legality for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and as many as 20 MSMEs that have been surveyed by group 10 in Ngrimbi Village, 19 MSMEs have carried out business legality in the form of NIB (Business Identification Number).

This study aims to analyze the philosophy of Christian education related to the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers in the context of an independent curriculum. The main focus of this study is to introduce the basic concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy that are relevant to understanding the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers. This study also identifies the contribution of Christian educational philosophy to the development of an independent Christian curriculum. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to study the relevant concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy. Various theoretical sources, such as Christian educational philosophy literature and the Bible, are used to support the analysis. This research reveals that the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers emphasize the recognition of God's divinity, love as the main principle, the integration of faith and knowledge, the formation of Christian character, and the spiritual dimension of education. In implementing their vision and mission, Christian religious education teachers can use content selection that supports Christian values, integrated teaching strategies, and relevant assessments. In this way, they can create learning experiences that reflect their vision and mission and help students develop strong Christian character.

Nutrition greatly influences the growth and development of children who are still in the learning process at school. The habit of snacking on children has become a common habit and is found at various socio-economic levels of society. Snacks whose cleanliness cannot be controlled by the school and which are contaminated with dust and dirt are in great demand by school children. The purpose of this service activity is to provide socialization or learning about the importance of nutritious food for children at TPQ Raudhotul Huda Wangandowo. The method used in this service is using learning methods in the form of; the lecture method is in the form of delivering theory, the second is the discussion and question and answer method, used to test participants' understanding of the material that has been delivered. The results of this activity showed that the students at TPQ Raudhotul Huda Wangandowo were very enthusiastic in listening to the material presented by us. Some students also understand about nutritious food, it is proven that they can answer questions from us

This article examines the analysis of sentence types in the History Text of Class XI Sociology Books in the Merdeka Curriculum. The content of this study uses narrative text. The purpose of this study is to describe functions, categories, and roles at the syntactic level. sentences in the presentation of sociology book material for class XI SMA/MA contained in Chapter 2 Social Problems Due to Social Grouping pages 41 to 81. This research is a literature study. Therefore, the method used in collecting data is reading and taking notes. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. In qualitative research, data is analyzed inductively, which means that specific things found during the research are grouped and conclusions are drawn from these results. This approach does not use the collected data to prove or disprove the hypotheses that have been made before but rather focuses on describing data to facilitate understanding. The writing method of this research adopts historiography as the main approach. Sentence structure analysis is also used to improve grammar skills and abilities to better understand. Sentence structure analysis itself is a topic that is rarely discussed. To improve the application of linguistic rules in writing historical texts, a good understanding of grammar, a broad vocabulary, and a habit of reading and writing historical texts are required. Therefore by analyzing sentence structures in historical texts in Sociology Class XI books SMA/SMA/ MA Kurikulum Merdeka, this research provides an overview of the variations in the use of sentence structures and the importance of correct grammar in understanding texts. It is hoped that this research can improve understanding of syntax and grammar which will facilitate understanding of sociology and historical texts.

Reading is a cognitive activity or process that aims to find various information contained in written information. This means that reading is a thought process to understand the contents of the text read. Evaluation of learning to read is a series of activities or steps taken after the completion of the main activities to obtain information about the results of learning to read, then manage and interpret them using benchmarks and goals and certain criteria. This type of research is library research, namely research conducted by analyzing and making written literature scientific journals as well as the main source. So the evaluation of learning to read is the process of determining students’ understanding, acceptance, categorization, analysis and reasoning abilities, as well as the accuracy of students’ pronunciation and intonation when taking reading tests in the target language. The purpose of learning to read is so that students can understand and use language in practice, it is not enough to measure it with mere mechanical abilities. The assessment of reading ability must be seen from the general reading ability as a whole, so that when assessing skills other than mechanical skills, it is also necessary to measure reading ability, for example understanding the content or meaning of sentences. The purpose of this study is to find out how the effort to implement the evaluation of students’ reading learning.

This study describes the study of Makkiyah and Madaniyah verses with a historical approach. Qualitative research is the type of research used in this study. Meanwhile, the collection method used involved several sources, such as relevant books and journals. The findings of this study include: (1) Deeper Contextual and Historical Understanding in Understanding Makkiyah and Madaniyah Verses, (2) The Importance of Makkiyah and Madaniyah Studies in Islamic Education.

This article discusses the teacher's perception of Problem Based Learning to improve students' thinking skills. Critical thinking is something that every individual has in developing abilities. This model can be applied to increase student excellence in thinking to find a way out of a problem through direct experience and student knowledge. Problem Based Learning is a learning model that is given based on problems, where students are given a problem and asked to solve the problem critically. Researchers use descriptive qualitative because the information collected is in the form of verbal. Samples were taken from fifth grade elementary school teachers. This study states that students' ability to think in grade V elementary school increases by implementing PBL-based learning. Before using the PBL model in class V students, learning was too monotonous, lack of enthusiasm and passivity, and students also had difficulty understanding the material, less sharp dexterity of opinion, students' excess in thinking was less developed and less flexible. However, after using the PBL learning model, students' ability to think in class V is increasing in solving problems, students also become more responsive to the essence of the problem, students also become creative, active and critical and are increasingly able to find solutions to a problem, as well as students' thinking skills. growing and flexible.

This study aims to analyze the philosophy of Christian education related to the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers in the context of an independent curriculum. The main focus of this study is to introduce the basic concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy that are relevant to understanding the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers. This study also identifies the contribution of Christian educational philosophy to the development of an independent Christian curriculum. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to study the relevant concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy. Various theoretical sources, such as Christian educational philosophy literature and the Bible, are used to support the analysis. This research reveals that the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers emphasize the recognition of God's divinity, love as the main principle, the integration of faith and knowledge, the formation of Christian character, and the spiritual dimension of education. In implementing their vision and mission, Christian religious education teachers can use content selection that supports Christian values, integrated teaching strategies, and relevant assessments. In this way, they can create learning experiences that reflect their vision and mission and help students develop strong Christian character.

This community service aims to increase interest and skills in reading aloud in English as well as interpretation skills and English vocabulary when reading Bible verses for Sunday School children who are also students in elementary and secondary schools. The method used in this service was by paying attention to the voice, intonation, and stress appropriately followed by understanding the meaning of the reading by the reader through a Bible reading competition in English. The results of this service showed that the Sunday School children were eagerly and enthusiastically able to take part in the competition to read aloud Bible verses, although gradually they need to be trained again how to read aloud with the right voice, intonation, stress, and pronunciation of English words. 

In uncovering the insights contained in the stories of the Koran, the researcher conducted a top-down examination of the background of the verses of the Koran, focusing on the structure of the story, the personality of the characters, and the ethical messages contained therein. They also use Islamic learning standards, such as tawhid (belief in one God), profound qualities (ethical qualities), and morals, as reasons for finding shrewdness suggested. This exploration makes a significant commitment to increasing our understanding of possible interpretations of the Qur'an and understanding how researchers differentiate the stories in it and trace the asceticism in it. By knowing these tips, Muslims can apply them in their regular routines and determine the otherworldly and moral advantages of studying the Koran.

This socialization is a form of community service, especially MSME actors and residents of the Sukorejo Village, Blitar City. With the socialization of MSME development, it is hoped that it can increase the knowledge, insight, and understanding of business people in the Sukorejo Village so that they can adapt to the times and in running a business by utilizing the existing potential. Business actors and residents of the Sukorejo Village are given an understanding of the importance of online marketing or what is commonly called digital marketing, the importance of making a logo as an identity and marketing strategy as well as managing financial business. The implementation of this service program was carried out using the lecture method by UPN Veteran Jatim students and also one of the lecturers followed by a question and answer session. The results of this socialization are 1.) Very good enthusiasm seen from the activeness of the audience in listening and asking questions 2.) This MSME development outreach program can be of good use and can be applied by the audience in running their business. Socialization, Digital marketing, MSME