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Rapid advances in information technology have fuelled the emergence of digital currencies such as Bitcoin as an increasingly popular means of transaction in Indonesia. However, behind the convenience and speed offered, the use of Bitcoin also poses a high risk of fraud in online transactions. The main objective of this research is to analyse the nature of legal protection for Bitcoin users in Indonesia. This research applies normative juridical method with statutory approach, conceptual approach, case study analysis, and refers to legal protection theory, online transaction theory, and legal economic theory. One of the case studies studied is the High Court Decision 1240/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Tng which reflects the existence of a vacuum and vagueness of legal norms in the protection of Bitcoin users. The analysis shows that although Bitcoin has been regulated under the legal framework of digital asset trading, there are still inefficiencies in the application of legal protection in a comprehensive and effective manner. This research emphasises the need for more progressive regulatory reforms, as well as strengthening the role of law enforcement agencies and financial technology supervisors to ensure fair, certain and comprehensive protection for Bitcoin users in the territory of Indonesia. It is hoped that the results of this research can strengthen theoretical contributions in enriching the development of digital economy law and become a practical reference for policy makers.

This study aims to explore the influence of digital media on language variation among college students. Using qualitative methods and a literature review design, this study analyzes how digital media, such as social media, online communication platforms, and instant messaging applications, influence language use among college students. The results show that digital media triggers the emergence of language variation that includes digital slang, changes in grammar and spelling, and the transfer of foreign culture and vocabulary. Although digital media provides a space for students to express themselves creatively, there are concerns about the negative impact on formal language proficiency. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts from educational institutions and students to maintain a balance between linguistic creativity and the preservation of formal language.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of administrative services in Mojoroto District, Kediri City based on the 2024 Public Satisfaction Index (IKM) Survey. Based on the survey results, all performance indicators showed very good results, with an aggregate IKM score reaching 93.12. The assessment of service quality includes employee competence, infrastructure, and service innovations such as online systems and mobile services. In addition, the timeliness of administrative processing, service effectiveness, and employee independence and work commitment were also recorded as optimal. The public gave a positive assessment of administrative services, exceeding their expectations according to the Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory (Oliver, 1980). However, there are obstacles such as disruptions to the information system, fluctuations in requests, and lack of document readiness from the public. This study contributes to improving the quality of public services, with recommendations for strengthening the IT system, managing fluctuations in requests, and increasing public awareness of the required documents. These findings are expected to be a model for effective and responsive public administration services for other sub-districts in Kediri City.

Web-Based Augmented Reality (AR) is an emerging interactive technology that is increasingly adopted in the fields of visual communication design and digital education. This study aims to analyze trends in the use of Web-Based AR within interactive design contexts and to identify user preferences regarding its features. The research employs a literature review and secondary data analysis, drawing from academic publications, industry reports, and online surveys conducted between 2019 and 2024. The findings reveal a significant increase in the adoption of Web-Based AR both globally and in Indonesia. Key factors driving adoption include interactivity without installation, cross-device compatibility, and rapid browser-based access. Trend diagrams, comparative tables of AR platforms (such as 8thWall, ZapWorks, and WebXR API), and user preference visualizations are presented to support the analysis. The study discusses technological challenges, adoption gaps, and design implications, particularly in education and marketing. Limitations include reliance on secondary data and limited geographic scope. The study’s outcomes are expected to serve as a reference for interactive content developers, educators, and researchers in designing inclusive and adaptive AR-based user experiences.

The hybrid work era, which combines remote work with face-to-face work, has brought about new challenges and opportunities in business communication, particularly in the negotiation process. This study aims to analyze the role of digital communication media in supporting the effectiveness of business negotiations. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews with several professionals from various industrial sectors who are active in online negotiation activities. The results indicate that digital communication media such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and WhatsApp play a crucial role in enhancing time efficiency, flexibility, and the speed of information exchange. However, limitations in nonverbal expression and the risk of miscommunication remain significant challenges. This study suggests adopting adaptive digital communication strategies, including virtual communication training and the use of a combination of synchronous and asynchronous media to achieve optimal negotiation outcomes.

This research seeks to develop a web-based tuition payment system to improve the efficiency of financial administration at SMK Techno Media.The Agile development method was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, literature review, and documentation. Several challenges were identified, such as delays in processing, inaccuracies in payment information, and inefficiencies in financial reporting. The developed system includes functionalities for generating bills, tracking payment status, sending notifications, and producing financial reports. These features are designed to be utilized by six user roles: administrators, teachers, students, parents, finance staff, and the school principal. The implementation results show notable improvements in data accuracy, information transparency, and administrative efficiency. Furthermore, the system supports digital transformation in the school’s financial management processes.

This study examines the relationship between the level of digital literacy of the community and the effectiveness of public participation in the digital governance process. Using a quantitative approach through a structured survey of 450 respondents in three major cities in Indonesia, this study analyzes how digital literacy skills affect community involvement in digital government platforms, public policy making, and e-participation mechanisms. The results of the study show a significant positive correlation (r=0.742, p<0.001) between digital literacy and the level of participation in digital governance. Communities with high digital literacy showed 3.2 times more active participation in online public consultations, provided better quality policy feedback, and used e-government services more optimally. These findings provide theoretical contributions to the understanding of digital citizenship and provide practical recommendations for the development of inclusive digital governance strategies.

This study aims to analyze snack consumption habits among employees of the Department of Transportation of Serang Regency, specifically in the Control and Operational Division. Using a descriptive quantitative method and an online questionnaire distributed to 36 respondents, the research explores snack consumption patterns, timing, stockpiling behavior, purchasing locations, and factors influencing purchase decisions. The findings reveal that most respondents are young to middle-aged and tend to consume snacks in relaxed or social contexts. Minimarkets and local stalls are the main purchasing points, with taste being the most important factor in choosing snacks. Most respondents are also highly open to trying new snack brands. These findings highlight the importance of product and marketing strategies that focus on individual preferences and consumption moments.

This study aims to examine the influence of the AIDA model (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) on consumer interest in Skintific’s digital campaign on Instagram. This research employs a descriptive quantitative approach. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 22 respondents who are Instagram users and aware of Skintific's digital campaign. The research instrument consisted of 20 statement items based on the indicators of the AIDA model and consumer interest, using a 5-point Likert scale. The data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis by calculating the average score of each AIDA dimension and consumer interest. The results show that the Interest and Desire dimensions obtained the highest average scores, indicating a strong consumer attraction and desire toward the product. Meanwhile, the Action and Consumer Interest dimensions showed moderate scores, suggesting the need for enhanced campaign strategies to drive real consumer action. This study contributes theoretically by confirming the relevance of the AIDA model in the context of digital marketing and offers practical implications for skincare brands to optimize their campaign strategies on social media platforms.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Assistance Services and Transaction Security on User Emotional Experience, with Customer Satisfaction as a mediating variable in the context of using a digital wallet (e-wallet). This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative method. Data collection was carried out by distributing online questionnaires using Google Form to 150 respondents who are active e-wallet users. The research model consists of four latent variables, each of which is measured by three reflective indicators. The data analysis technique uses the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the help of SmartPLS software, and is supported by descriptive analysis using SPSS. Validity and reliability tests are carried out through outer loading tests, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Cronbach's Alpha, and Composite Reliability. Hypothesis testing is carried out by considering the path coefficient, t-statistic, and p-value values. The results of the study indicate that Assistance Services and Transaction Security have a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. Assistance Services also have a direct effect on Emotional Experience, while Transaction Security does not have a direct effect on this variable. Customer Satisfaction has a significant effect on Emotional Experience, and is proven to be a significant mediator in the relationship between Assistance Service and Transaction Security on Emotional Experience.

TikTok has transformed into an effective digital marketing platform, not only for introducing products but also for shaping impulsive shopping behavior. This study aims to analyze the impulsive shopping behavior of Generation Z on TikTok Shop. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach, with data obtained from digital searches and observations. The findings indicate that Generation Z has a strong interest in utilizing the TikTok Shop feature within the TikTok application, making it one of their preferred alternatives for online shopping transactions. TikTok significantly influences Generation Z’s shopping behavior, as they tend to purchase products after seeing them on the platform. Businesses leverage TikTok as an efficient marketing tool, particularly through creative content, short videos, and influencer recommendations. By utilizing an algorithm that tailors content to users’ preferences, TikTok Shop creates offers that appear attractive to consumers. Generation Z is often influenced to buy items they do not actually need. Sudden purchases driven by emotions—such as low prices or limited-time offers—often lead them to overlook product quality. As a generation living in the digital era, Gen Z needs to better regulate their impulsive consumer behavior. Wisely utilizing technology and understanding the marketing strategies used by platforms like TikTok Shop can help them avoid excessive impulsive spending. By prioritizing needs over wants and carefully considering the value and benefits of a product before purchasing, Gen Z can become smarter and more responsible consumers.

This study aims to examine the influence of price and store atmosphere on repurchase decisions, with customer satisfaction as a moderating variable among Beocca Coffee consumers in Malang Regency. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed, involving 130 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via an online questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that price, store atmosphere, and customer satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on repurchase decisions. However, customer satisfaction was not proven to moderate the relationship between price and repurchase decisions, nor between store atmosphere and repurchase decisions. These findings indicate that price and store atmosphere influence repurchase decisions directly, regardless of customer satisfaction levels. The practical implication is that coffee shop managers should focus on offering competitive prices and creating a pleasant store atmosphere. Although customer satisfaction does not act as a moderator, it remains a crucial direct factor affecting loyalty. Future studies are encouraged to expand the research scope geographically and include additional variables such as customer loyalty, perceived quality, or digital marketing strategies to deepen the understanding of repurchase behavior in the local coffee shop industry.

This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to examine the impact of social media on the honesty of teenagers toward their parents in Stabat Lama Barat Village. The aim of this research is to describe the extent to which the use of social media influences teenagers’ honest behavior in communication and interaction with their parents. In an increasingly advanced digital era, social media is not only a source of entertainment but also has a significant influence on character development and moral values, including honesty. The results show that some teenagers tend to hide their social media activities from their parents, either due to privacy concerns, fear of being scolded, or the desire to create a certain image online. This behavior leads to reduced openness and honesty in their daily lives. However, there are also teenagers who are able to use social media wisely while upholding honesty within the family. Factors such as moral education at home, parenting styles, and social environment play an important role in shaping honest attitudes among teenagers despite the rapid growth of digitalization.

Thematic learning model is a learning model that describes several subjects taught through themes. Thematic learning model as a concept can be interpreted as a learning approach that involves several subjects to provide meaningful experiences to students. By implementing thematic learning model, it is expected that students can understand Christian Religious Education, remember the importance of teaching Christian Religious Education to help students not to lose their knowledge of God and help students maintain good morals, character and nature. The purpose of writing this article is to help students and teachers to more easily understand thematic learning model and improve understanding of Christian Religious Education. The method used in writing this article is a qualitative approach or literature study. Researchers try to offer solutions to the problems raised by summarizing and compiling various theories and data from various literature sources, such as books, dictionaries, scientific journals, and relevant online media.

SD Negeri Wailiti is an institution engaged in education located in Maumere City, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. In carrying out its operational activities, SD Negeri Wailiti requires an effective and efficient information system to manage the school profile. School profile is the school's data that includes name, history, vision and mission, founder, address, city, contact number as well as school facilities and all forms of activities held by the school. Some of these data need to be packaged in a permanent online facility or media so that in the future it can be used. From the data obtained, it is said that the system used by SDN Wailiti is still oral, namely socialisation in the surrounding community and through information boards or brochures. The purpose of this research is to develop a web-based school profile information system at SD Negeri Wailiti using the waterfall method because this method is the most suitable development model used by developers, system project work is easy to control and can be on time. The programming language that the author uses is PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) and uses MySQL database. This information system can be used by the school to improve the quality of information services to the community. Testing the feasibility of the system using blackbox testing.

The purpose of this research is to see how Digital Literacy: Understanding Norms and Ethics in the Online Field. In general, this study aims to assess the extent of understanding and practice of digital ethics in various groups. Measuring interventions (workshops/socialization) in improving ethical behavior online. Identify gaps in areas prone to norm violations, such as privacy breaches, unauthorized uploads, and the spread of hoaxes. Develop a model or recommendation for literacy programs that is grounded in social norms and values. Research methods The form of this research is descriptive, analytical, and critical. Therefore, the author can comprehensively explain how Digital Literacy: Understanding Norms and Ethics in the Online Field. In this study, the author optimally used two data sources related to this research, namely. Primary data sources and secondary data sources. The result of this study is that digital literacy and ethics are effective in reducing hoaxes and hate speech. Strengthening methods include e-learning, digital media, and school literacy movements. The challenges are the limited skills of students, the lack of parental supervision, and the need for teachers who need to continue to develop.

Every teenager should ideally be able to grow and develop well according to their age and as the next generation of the nation, but in reality there are teenagers who commit crimes, one of which is online gambling. Online gambling crimes among teenagers have an impact on other crimes, such as theft, so they must be dealt with optimally. The problem of this research is regarding the criminological analysis of online gambling crimes among teenagers in North Lampung and how the efforts made by the North Lampung Police in dealing with online gambling crimes among teenagers. This research uses a normative and empirical legal approach. The data collection procedure is carried out by means of literature studies and field studies. which are then analyzed qualitatively to obtain conclusions. The results of the research and discussion show that the criminological analysis of online gambling crimes among teenagers in North Lampung in accordance with the Differential Association Theory shows that the cause of teenagers committing online gambling crimes is the interaction, relationship, and communication between teenagers who have never gambled online with other teenagers who have gambled online. In accordance with the Strain Theory, the cause of teenagers committing online gambling crimes is the demands of daily needs. According to Social Control Theory, the cause of teenagers committing online gambling crimes is the lack of supervision from various related parties such as family, schools/educational institutions and law enforcement officers. Efforts to overcome online gambling crimes in teenagers through non-penal means are carried out by socializing child protection and cooperating/coordinating with schools. Penal means are carried out through the process of investigating children who commit online gambling crimes by child investigators based on the Juvenile Justice System Law.    

Social media has become a significant element in shaping youth political identity in the digital age. This research aims to explore how symbolic interactions within online spaces influence the construction of political identity among young people. A case study approach was applied, utilizing documentation of academic literature published within the last decade. The analysis employed critical discourse analysis to understand the dynamics of power, symbols, and political representation on social media platforms. The findings reveal that young individuals actively construct their political identity through various digital content forms, such as memes, informative threads, and visual campaigns. Moreover, platform algorithms and online communities play a substantial role in directing political preferences and reinforcing ideological affiliations. The implications highlight the importance of digital literacy and inclusive participation spaces for youth, while also encouraging policy development based on evidence to support the democratization of digital arenas.

This study aims to examine the challenges and strategies of Management Study Program students at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU) in understanding online lecture materials. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of closed questionnaires distributed to 25 respondents of fourth semester students. The results showed that although there were still technical problems such as unstable internet connections, the majority of students were able to adapt to the online learning system. The most dominant learning strategies used are active and independent strategies, such as reading, taking notes, repeating material, watching learning videos, and managing study time. In addition, group discussions through media such as WhatsApp and Telegram also help clarify understanding of the material. Students also rely on learning materials provided by lecturers through digital platforms (PDF, video, and LMS) as the main source of independent learning. This study concludes that students' success in understanding online lecture materials is strongly influenced by a combination of active learning strategies, group collaboration, and material support provided by lecturers. Therefore, continuous collaboration between students, lecturers, and institutions is needed to create a more effective and inclusive online learning system.

This study aims to examine violations of the Indonesian Advertising Code of Ethics (EPI) in television advertisements and explore the root causes of these violations. A qualitative approach was used, with data collection techniques including literature review, advertisement analysis, and exploration of digital sources such as YouTube, blogs, and online platforms. The study analyzes two advertisements in depth: SoKlin Sakura x Strawberry and Torabika Cappuccino coffee. The findings show that the SoKlin advertisement violates Article 1.26 of the Indonesian Advertising Code of Ethics (EPI) by using an unethical camera angle that highlights women's bodies, thereby containing subtle elements of sexual exploitation. Meanwhile, the Torabika advertisement was found to violate Article 1.2.2 of the EPI by making the superlative claim of being “number one in the world” without providing verifiable evidence. This violation is considered misleading to consumers and detrimental to the credibility of the advertisement. This study emphasizes the importance of adhering to advertising ethics codes, particularly in maintaining honesty, relevance, and social responsibility in every message communicated to the public.