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Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to allergen exposure. This condition has become a significant global health concern because of its increasing prevalence and substantial impact on quality of life, sleep, cognitive function, and work productivity. AR is also commonly associated with other atopic diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. This article aims to review the current understanding of allergic rhinitis, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and evidence-based management strategies. This study used a narrative literature review method by analyzing scientific articles, clinical guidelines, and peer-reviewed journals published between 2015 and 2025. Literature sources were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant medical databases using keywords related to allergic rhinitis, IgE, diagnosis, and immunotherapy. The findings indicate that allergic rhinitis involves complex immune mechanisms characterized by Th2 lymphocyte activation, IgE production, and inflammatory mediator release. Diagnosis is primarily established clinically and supported by allergy testing such as skin prick tests or serum-specific IgE measurement. Intranasal corticosteroids remain the first-line therapy for moderate to severe cases, while antihistamines and leukotriene receptor antagonists are used as adjunctive therapies. Allergen immunotherapy has shown effectiveness in modifying disease progression and improving long-term outcomes. In conclusion, allergic rhinitis is a manageable chronic disease that requires a comprehensive and individualized treatment approach involving environmental control, pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy.

In the Education 4.0 era, schools face unprecedented challenges in managing teacher performance effectively. Traditional top-down performance management systems have proven inadequate for fostering continuous professional growth, intrinsic motivation, and adaptive teaching competencies required in increasingly technology-driven learning environments. This study aims to develop, validate, and assess the effectiveness of a School-Based Performance Management (SBPM) model designed to enhance teacher effectiveness across cognitive, affective, and pedagogical dimensions. Using a Research and Development (R&D) design following the ADDIE framework, the study was conducted in three phases: needs analysis, model development, and model validation. Participants included 12 school principals, 186 teachers, and 8 education experts from 24 public secondary schools in [Province, Country]. Validation by experts yielded a content validity index (CVI) of 0.91. Implementation resulted in statistically significant improvements in teacher effectiveness scores (t = 8.74, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.23), digital pedagogy competency (mean increase = 22.4%), and student learning outcomes (mean improvement = 17.8%). The SBPM model provides a contextually responsive, evidence-based framework that empowers schools to manage teacher performance collaboratively, fostering professional accountability and sustainable instructional quality in Education 4.0.

TPS 3R is a community-based waste management approach aimed at reducing waste generation through reduce, reuse, and recycle activities. However, the operational sustainability of TPS 3R still faces several challenges,including  waste processing effectiveness, and community participation. This study aims to analyze the community’s Willingness to Pay (WTP) for waste management fees and to formulate priority recommendations for improving the performance of TPS 3R Banjar Sugihan using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. The research was conducted in Banjar Sugihan Village, Tandes District, Surabaya City, involving 563 household respondents. WTP analysis was carried out using the bidding game method, while QFD analysis was conducted through the preparation of the House of Quality (HoQ). The results showed that the community’s WTP ranged from IDR 16,000 to IDR 19,000 per month. If applied to all 3,758 households in Banjar Sugihan Village, the potential retribution revenue is estimated to reach IDR 60,128,000–IDR 71,402,000 per month. The QFD analysis indicated that the priority strategies for improving TPS 3R performance include enhancing infrastructure facilities, optimizing waste sorting and processing, increasing waste processing capacity, strengthening human resource capacity, and implementing a WTP-based retribution system. Therefore, the implementation of a WTP-based retribution system and priority strategies derived from QFD analysis are expected to support the sustainability of waste management at TPS 3R Banjar Sugihan.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of good governance principles in digital population administration services in Medan Marelan Subdistrict from the perspective of Administrative Law. The background of this research is based on the importance of digital transformation in public services through the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) to enhance transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency. However, in practice, several obstacles are still encountered, such as limited infrastructure, network disruptions, and limited human resources. This research employs an empirical legal research method with both empirical and statutory approaches. Data were collected through field research, including interviews with subdistrict officials and the community, as well as library research involving laws, regulations, and relevant literature. The data were analyzed qualitatively to examine the conformity between the implementation of services and the principles of good governance and general principles of good administration (AUPB). The results show that the implementation of good governance principles in digital population services in Medan Marelan Subdistrict has not been fully optimal. This is indicated by challenges in information transparency, system effectiveness, and limitations in human resources and infrastructure. Nevertheless, digital services have provided convenience for the community in accessing population administration services. In conclusion, improvements in human resources quality, technological infrastructure, and the strengthening of supervision and evaluation mechanisms are necessary to achieve public services that align with good governance principles.

Nature tourism is one of the sectors that plays an important role in supporting the development of regional tourism, including in Lahat Regency, which has significant waterfall tourism potential. Currently, many visitors share their reviews and experiences through digital platforms such as Google Maps. This review can be used as a source of information to understand the public's evaluation of the quality of tourist attractions. This study aims to examine public perception of tourist attractions in Lahat Regency using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. Research data were collected through scraping from Google Maps, totaling 500 reviews from five tourist attractions, namely Curup Maung, Curup Buluh, Senyawe Waterfall, Panjang Waterfall, and Green Canyon. The research stages include data preprocessing, consisting of cleaning, case folding, normalization, tokenization, stopword removal, and stemming. After that, feature extraction was carried out using the TF-IDF method and the classification process using the SVM algorithm. Based on the research results, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method is able to perform sentiment classification quite well, although the accuracy level varies for each tourist attraction. Curup Maung and Panjang Waterfall achieved the highest accuracy level of 90%. Nevertheless, most visitor reviews were dominated by negative sentiments. This indicates that there are still several aspects that need to be improved, particularly related to tourist facilities and services. This research is expected to serve as a consideration for tourism managers and local governments in efforts to improve management quality as well as the development of tourism in Lahat Regency.

This study aims to analyze the influence of social support and soft skills on the work readiness of the 2022 cohort students in Tasikmalaya City. Work readiness is an essential aspect that students must possess to face increasingly competitive labor market demands. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 110 respondents selected from a population of 150 students using the Slovin formula with a 5% margin of error and a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Prior to hypothesis testing, validity and reliability tests were performed to ensure the quality of the research instruments. In addition, classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and linearity tests, were conducted to verify the suitability of the regression model. The findings indicate that both social support and soft skills have a positive and significant effect on students’ work readiness. Support from family, peers, and the academic environment enhances students’ confidence in preparing for employment. Furthermore, communication skills, teamwork, problem-solving abilities, and responsibility as components of soft skills strengthen students’ readiness to enter the professional workforce. These findings highlight the importance of developing soft skills and strengthening social support to improve students’ work readiness.

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is recognized as one of the horticultural commodities with significant economic value and an important contribution to food security in Indonesia. However, conventional cultivation practices still face various challenges, including limited land availability, climate uncertainty, and disturbances from plant pests and diseases. These conditions highlight the need for the implementation of innovative technologies to improve production efficiency while maintaining yield stability. One approach that has been increasingly developed is the hydroponic system, a cultivation technique that does not rely on soil as a growing medium but instead utilizes nutrient solutions as the primary source of essential elements. This article aims to examine various aspects of hydroponic chili cultivation, including the roles and benefits of the plant, different types of hydroponic systems, abiotic and biotic stress factors, and cultivation management strategies. Based on the review conducted, hydroponic systems, when supported by optimal nutrient management and environmental conditions, are capable of enhancing both the yield and quality of chili plants. Therefore, the development of hydroponic-based chili cultivation is considered to have promising prospects as a solution to support sustainable agriculture in the future.

The quality of rice that is suitable for consumption, one of which is determined by the absence of associated components when the rice is in storage. Rice storage is carried out by means of long shelf life and good rice quality. Damage to rice due to pest attacks causes a decrease in quality and quantity. Environmentally friendly efforts are needed to control the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae using vegetable materials. This study sought to ascertain the death rate of rice weevils treated with lemongrass stem (Cymbopogon citratus), bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum), and pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius). The study employed a fully randomized design with three treatments in the form of simplicia plant components. There were 21 study units because each treatment included seven repetitions. Each treatment used 20 rice weevil imago breeding results which were infested in a jar containing 200 g of rice for 4 weeks in the laboratory. The use of pandan leaf, bay leaf, and lemongrass simplicia at 7 days after treatment showed the proportion of rice weevil mortality was 59,29%, 39,29%, and 50,00%, respectively. As for the observations of 14 day after treatments, 21 day after treatments, and 28 day after treatments showed that the mortality rate of all rice beetles was above 50%. Regarding the percentage of rice powder, hollow rice, and rice weight loss, the findings of observations on rice weevil mortality did not reveal any significant variations across all treatments.

Poor soil quality and inefficient nutrient utilization remain major constraints in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation, often resulting in reduced plant growth, lower productivity, and suboptimal fruit quality. This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of rose tomatoes through the integration of open-field cultivation and hydroponic planting systems. The research methods included land preparation using the Pythagorean technique to ensure proper spacing and planting layout, the application of organic fertilizers to improve soil fertility, and the transition to a hydroponic drip irrigation system using rockwool as the growing medium during weeks 1 to 7 of plant development. Plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf development, stem vigor, and overall plant health, were observed throughout the cultivation period. The results indicated that the combination of appropriate soil management practices and precise nutrient delivery in the hydroponic system significantly enhanced nutrient uptake and supported healthy plant growth. Furthermore, the drip irrigation system helped optimize water use efficiency while reducing nutrient losses. This integrated cultivation approach demonstrated its potential as an effective solution for maintaining crop quality and productivity, particularly in areas with limited land resources. Overall, the findings suggest that integrated management practices can provide a practical, efficient, and sustainable strategy for farmers seeking to improve horticultural production in modern agricultural systems.

In Islam, prayer (salat) is a fundamental obligation that must be performed under all circumstances, including during illness. Muslim patients have high spiritual needs, in which religious practices serve as a source of strength in coping with disease. Although Islam provides concessions (rukhsah) in performing prayer for the sick, limitations in patients’ understanding of how to perform prayer according to their health conditions are still found. This lack of knowledge may affect the proper practice of prayer during hospitalization. Therefore, this study aims to identify patient characteristics related to the practice of prayer, to examine the level of knowledge of the five daily prayers in relation to their practice among patients, and to analyze patients’ overall level of knowledge regarding prayer. This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The results show that patient characteristics, particularly productive age and higher educational level, contribute to their ability to perform prayer during hospitalization. A significant relationship was found between the level of knowledge of prayer and its practice, where better understanding was associated with more optimal religious practice. Overall, most patients had a high level of knowledge of prayer, although a small proportion still had low knowledge, indicating the need for spiritual education. It can be concluded that the level of knowledge of prayer is associated with the quality of prayer practice among Muslim patients at RSUD Haji Makassar. Strengthening spiritual education is needed to support the fulfillment of patients’ religious needs during hospitalization.

Knee septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency that requires prompt and appropriate management to prevent permanent joint damage and systemic complications. Inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are commonly used for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response; however, their prognostic value after surgical debridement remains variable. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of ESR, CRP, and platelet count as prognostic indicators following irrigation and/or surgical debridement in patients with knee septic arthritis. A literature search was conducted in January using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, and Semantic Scholar, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tools. Fifteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were qualitatively analyzed. The findings indicate that elevated preoperative CRP levels and delayed postoperative CRP reduction are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, including failure of infection eradication and the need for repeat debridement. Although ESR is consistently elevated during the acute phase, its slower decline limits its short-term prognostic utility. Platelet count may increase as part of the systemic inflammatory response but shows inconsistent prognostic value.

Maternal hypertension remains one of the major contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia and globally. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, mortality trends, and geographical disparities of maternal hypertension in Indonesia during the 2022–2023 period. The research employed a descriptive design using secondary data obtained from official reports of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, national health surveys, and Maternal Perinatal Death Notification (MPDN) data. Data analysis was conducted descriptively by examining prevalence rates, maternal mortality due to hypertension, regional distribution, and temporal trends across provinces in Indonesia. The findings showed a slight but consistent decline in both the prevalence and mortality rates of maternal hypertension from 2022 to 2023 in most provinces. However, significant regional disparities remained evident. Provinces in eastern Indonesia, including Papua Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Maluku, and several provinces in Sulawesi and Kalimantan, consistently recorded higher prevalence and mortality rates compared to provinces in Java and Bali. Meanwhile, provinces with better healthcare infrastructure and maternal referral systems demonstrated lower mortality outcomes. The study also revealed a strong association between high prevalence and increased maternal mortality, indicating the importance of healthcare accessibility, antenatal care quality, and emergency obstetric services in reducing maternal health burdens. These findings emphasize the need for region-specific maternal health interventions, improved healthcare distribution, early detection programs, and strengthened referral systems to reduce maternal hypertension disparities and improve maternal health outcomes in Indonesia.

Postharvest handling of leafy vegetables, such as kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), is crucial for maintaining product quality and market value. This study aims to review the application of sorting and grading processes in improving the quality of horticultural products. The method used is a literature review of scientific journals and relevant references related to postharvest handling of vegetables. The findings indicate that sorting functions to separate damaged and unmarketable products based on physical condition, while grading classifies products into quality categories based on size, shape, and visual appearance. These processes contribute to reducing postharvest losses, improving product uniformity, and increasing market value. Furthermore, proper sorting and grading support quality control and enhance efficiency in distribution and marketing systems. Therefore, sorting and grading are essential components of postharvest management to ensure product quality and market competitiveness.

The development of information technology has encouraged the transformation of government administration toward digital-based governance, including correspondence management systems. Digital correspondence governance plays an important role in improving administrative effectiveness, bureaucratic efficiency, and the quality of public services. However, the implementation of digital correspondence systems in local government institutions still faces several challenges, including limited system integration, inadequate human resource capacity, and unstandardized electronic archive management. This study aims to analyze and construct a digital correspondence governance model in realizing administrative effectiveness at Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, Statistik dan Persandian Kabupaten Gowa. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Research informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques, while data analysis employed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of digital correspondence governance has improved the speed of document disposition, administrative efficiency, accessibility of documents, and organizational work coordination. However, the implementation has not been fully optimal due to constraints in system integration, human resource capacity, and digital archive management. This study produced a digital correspondence governance model emphasizing the strengthening of information technology, enhancement of employee competence, integration of administrative systems, and development of a digital work culture. It is recommended that government institutions strengthen the integration of digital correspondence systems, improve employee competencies, and establish sustainable electronic archive management standards.

This study examines the performance of student administrative services in the Society 5.0 era at the Bureau of Academic Affairs, Student Affairs, and Planning of Gorontalo State University, focusing on scholarship services. It addresses the need for accessible, responsive, transparent, inclusive, and student-centered administrative services in higher education. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Informants included bureau leaders, scholarship and financial aid administrators, operational officers, and students receiving various scholarship schemes. Thematic analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while validity was ensured through source triangulation, method triangulation, and member checking. The findings show that accessibility has improved through service counters, websites, social media, WhatsApp, online forms, SIMPEL BAKP, and coordination with faculties and study programs. However, information remains fragmented, digital standard operating procedures are not uniform, and disability-inclusive access is limited. Responsiveness is supported by direct and digital communication, but it lacks a dedicated complaint system, automatic notifications, selection-status dashboards, and real-time disbursement tracking. Service quality is perceived as fairly good because students experience professional, friendly, and fair treatment. Nevertheless, service documentation, procedural standardization, staff training, and humanistic technology integration need strengthening. The study concludes that scholarship administration should be transformed into a centralized, inclusive, responsive, transparent, and student-centered digital-humanistic service model.

The problem lies in the quality of the umbrella nails for asbestos or zinc roofs which often experience damage to the nail head is not large enough, the tip of the nail is blunt, thus damaging the roof material, and susceptibility to corrosion due to weather, and slow manual production. The purpose of making is to obtain umbrella nails with a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 2.5 mm which are strong, pointed tips, relatively fast. The manufacturing method includes: making cylindrical umbrella pieces from 2 mm thick aluminum with a diameter of 25 mm and a 1.5 mm hole center, selecting raw materials for low carbon steel wire, AISI 1020 in the form of a 3 mm diameter coil, straightening and reducing the cross-section of wire using a die (wire drawing),, forming the nail head (cold heading), mechanically cutting the pointed end, forming the nail umbrella from cylindrical pieces that have been inserted with 50 mm long nails and pressed, immersing the umbrella nails in 500oC zinc liquid (galvanizing) for 2 minutes, checking dimensions and quality standards. The manufacturing results are in the form of strong zinc-coated thumbtacks measuring 50 mm in length, 2.5 mm in diameter, 1.2 mm in thickness of the thumbtack plate, total production cost of IDR 340/unit, and process duration of 12 seconds/unit, which implies that the need for strong and corrosion-resistant thumbtacks can be met for various related engineering needs.

This research was motivated by the importance of public relations management in building cooperation among schools, parents, and communities to support the improvement of educational quality in elementary schools. This study aimed to analyze public relations management in increasing parent and community participation in elementary schools. The research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, parents, and community members as informants. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that public relations management was implemented through direct communication in parent meetings, the use of digital media such as WhatsApp Groups, parental involvement in school activities, and collaboration with the community in supporting educational programs. Parent participation was reflected in mutual cooperation activities, assisting students’ learning, and supporting school programs. The obstacles found included parents’ limited time, low digital literacy among some parents, and the lack of optimal evaluation of school public relations programs. The implications of this study indicate that effective public relations management can increase parent and community involvement in supporting the educational process in elementary schools.

Increased caffeine intake is commonly used by students to cope with academic demands, especially during examinations and the completion of final projects. Excessive caffeine consumption may affected sleep quality and potentially influence nutritional status. This study aimed to determine the correlation between caffeine intake, sleep disturbances, and nutritional status among final – year unsergarduated students at Dr. Soekardjo University. This study used quantitative approach with an observational analytic and cross-sectinal design. A total of 108 students participated in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlations test. The findings indicated that the most of respondents with low caffeine intake experienced mild sleep disturbances, totaling 56 respondents (80%). Meanwhile, respondents with moderate and high caffeine intake mostly experienced moderated sleep disturbances, with 13 respondents (61.9%) and 9 respondents (52.9%), respectively. The results showed a significant correlation between caffeine intake and sleep disturbances (p-value=0.000). In all categories of caffeine intake, most respondents had normal nutritional status. However, no significant relationship was found between caffeine intake and nutritional status (p-value=0.351). In conclusion, caffeine intake was associated with sleep disturbances but not with nutritional status among final-year undergraduate students.

This study investigates the performance of Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring systems using a mobile hotspot and IoT sensors for temperature and humidity data transmission. The research is based on the IoT concept, which enables electronic devices to communicate and exchange data through internet networks without direct human intervention. System performance was evaluated using standard Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, including throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter. The experimental setup utilized a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller and a DHT22 sensor, with measurements conducted at various transmission distances through wireless communication media. The objective was to determine the reliability of hotspot connectivity and sensor communication in supporting IoT applications. The results indicate that the optimal performance was achieved at a distance of 20 meters using a 40-lambda variation. Furthermore, the communication signal between the ESP32 device and the mobile hotspot remained detectable up to a maximum distance of 32 meters. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IoT system for environmental monitoring applications within specific transmission ranges.

Choux pastry relies heavily on eggs to form its cavity structure and sensory characteristics. The use of duck eggs can improve physical quality due to their higher protein and fat content compared to chicken eggs. This study aims to analyze the differences in organoleptic quality between choux pastry with 100% chicken eggs and 25% duck egg substitution. The experimental quantitative study involved 50 panelists using a hedonic scale questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 25% duck egg substitution significantly improved texture firmness and provided a more savory taste. However, in terms of aroma, the sample with duck egg substitution scored lower due to a sharper fishy aroma. Although 25% duck egg substitution effectively improved the physical structure, it is recommended to add aromatic ingredients to reduce the distinctive duck egg aroma. These findings provide insights into the development of choux pastry with duck egg substitution to improve physical quality without sacrificing desired organoleptic characteristics.