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Herpes zoster is a skin infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, characterized by unilateral skin lesions corresponding to dermatome distribution and complaints of pain or itching. This disease is more common in adults and the elderly, especially in individuals with reduced immunity due to stress or work overload. A case was reported of a 40-year-old woman who worked as a nurse and came to a primary health care facility complaining of itching and red spots on her right breast area that had spread to the surrounding area two weeks before the examination and had worsened in the last few days. Physical examination revealed unilateral red skin lesions in a dermatomal pattern without crossing the midline of the body, consistent with the early phase of herpes zoster. Management was comprehensive, including medication, patient education about the disease and skin care, prevention of complications, and family support. A holistic approach is necessary to improve the success of therapy and the patient's quality of life.

Drug abuse (NAPZA) has become a serious threat among students and poses significant risks to their physical health, psychological well-being, and future development. Therefore, preventive efforts through structured education and mentoring programs are essential. This community service activity aims to describe the process and outcomes of a drug abuse prevention mentoring program conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Bulu, Temanggung. The program applied a participatory approach consisting of four stages: coordination with the school, educational socialization on the dangers of drugs, follow-up activities through discussions and student reflections, and evaluation to measure students’ understanding. The educational sessions were delivered using interactive lectures, question-and-answer methods, and visual learning media to enhance students’ engagement and comprehension. The results indicate an increase in students’ knowledge and awareness regarding the types, impacts, and prevention strategies of drug abuse. Moreover, students demonstrated more positive attitudes and a stronger commitment to avoiding drugs as a form of self-protection for their health and future. This program is expected to serve as a school-based preventive education model to reduce drug abuse among students through collaboration between teachers, schools, and the wider community.

This research addresses the high divorce rate in three districts and cities, highlighting the lack of household harmony and integrity. The study focuses on the role and function of the Marriage Guidance and Preservation Advisory Board (BP4) in consultation and mediation. The objectives of the research are: 1) To identify the role of BP4 in fostering household harmony, 2) To examine the implications of Family Law in BP4’s role, and 3) To analyze BP4’s contribution to household harmony in East Priangan. The research employs a sociological juridical approach, examining the law based on norms and regulations while assessing its empirical application in community life. The research adopts qualitative methods. The findings show that: 1) BP4's role in maintaining household harmony is functioning normatively and functionally through non-litigation counseling and mediation, but its implementation remains uneven and reactive, preventing optimal development of the preventive function. 2) BP4’s legal implications are strong as a pre-litigation mechanism, but its limited authority and minimal integration with the judicial system hinder its effectiveness. 3) Barriers to BP4’s assistance include low participation, limited legal authority, a litigative culture, and weak institutional capacity. The research suggests a new model for Restorative-Preventive Family Governance to strengthen BP4’s role in conflict prevention

Social media has become integral to the daily lives of Generation Z (Gen Z) in Indonesia, with intensive daily usage contributing to significant mental health concerns. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from the literature published between 2021 and 2026 to examine the primary mechanisms social comparison and fear of missing out (FOMO) underlying the negative effects of social media on mental health, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, sleep disturbances, and social isolation. Drawing from 15 key open-access articles (including 7 Indonesia-specific studies and 8 global comparisons), social comparison through curated content on platforms such as Instagram and Facebook was consistently associated with diminished self-satisfaction and heightened dissatisfaction. FOMO, particularly amplified by fast-scrolling algorithms on TikTok, promoted compulsive behaviors such as doomscrolling and exacerbated emotional distress. Digital wellness strategies, including digital detox, mindful usage, and media literacy, showed promising potential for mitigation, although long-term effectiveness remains limited in the Indonesian context. Notable research gaps include the scarcity of longitudinal studies, culturally tailored interventions, and data from rural or non-urban populations. This review recommends integrating digital literacy education into school curricula and developing community-based mental health programs to address risks in the 2025–2026 digital era. The findings offer insights for prevention and intervention strategies targeting Gen Z mental health in Indonesia.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with a high prevalence and is a major risk factor for serious complications such as stroke and heart disease. Low public awareness and limited capacity of health workers to provide education and early detection pose challenges in hypertension prevention efforts at the community level. The program “Capacity Building for Health Workers as an Effort to Prevent and Control Hypertension in Mandiangin Timur Village” was implemented by Field Learning Experience (PBL) Group 20 students in August 2025 in Mandiangin Timur Village, Karang Intan District, Banjar Regency. The intervention was carried out through interactive lectures, discussions, and the use of educational media in the form of posters, leaflets, and videos. The targets of the activity consisted of 17 cadres and 30 villagers. Knowledge evaluation using pre-tests and post-tests showed an increase in the average score of cadres from 95.28 to 96.46, while the community increased from 76 to 92.33. Blood pressure checks also showed that most participants were in stage 1–2 hypertension, emphasizing the need for ongoing education. This program proved effective in increasing the capacity of cadres and community knowledge about risk factors, prevention, and management of hypertension. In addition, this activity strengthened the role of cadres as agents of change in ongoing efforts to control hypertension at the village level.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Predictive Policing and its implications for law enforcement transformation in Indonesia, based on an extensive review of its global applications, benefits, and challenges. The study uses qualitative literature and international case study review methods to assess the impact and complexity of implementing digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and big data analytics within a Predictive Policing framework. The results of this review highlight that while Predictive Policing offers significant potential for proactive crime prevention and increased operational efficiency, its implementation is consistently fraught with critical legal, ethical, and technical challenges, including regulatory gaps, risks of algorithmic bias, and data privacy concerns, which are particularly relevant to Indonesia. The findings underscore that public trust and police legitimacy in the context of adopting such technologies are strongly influenced by transparency, strong accountability mechanisms, and community involvement in shaping their use. This study contributes to the growing discourse on digital policing in developing countries and culminates in practical policy recommendations designed to guide the Indonesian police towards the development and implementation of Predictive Policing models that are effective, efficient, and fundamentally respectful of legal and human rights principles.

Local governments manage substantial public resources under conditions of decentralization, fiscal complexity, and heightened accountability demands, making them particularly vulnerable to financial mismanagement and fraud. In this context, risk-based internal oversight has increasingly been promoted as a governance-oriented alternative to traditional compliance-based supervision. This literature review article examines how risk-based internal oversight is conceptualized, operationalized, and linked to fraud prevention and control in the management of local government finance. The study addresses a central problem in the existing literature: the fragmentation of analytical perspectives across risk-based internal auditing, fraud risk management, internal control systems, public financial management, and public accountability, which has limited a comprehensive understanding of how internal oversight contributes to safeguarding public funds. The primary objective of this article is to synthesize and integrate these strands of literature to clarify the role of risk-based internal oversight as a systemic governance mechanism for fraud prevention and control at the subnational level. Methodologically, the study employs an integrative literature review approach, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles and authoritative institutional publications indexed in major academic databases over the past decade. A structured search, screening, and thematic synthesis process was applied to identify patterns, convergences, and divergences across conceptual, empirical, and policy-oriented studies. The findings indicate a clear shift from compliance-oriented inspection toward risk-based internal oversight that prioritizes high-risk financial processes—particularly procurement, grants, and asset management—where fraud risks are most pronounced. The synthesis further shows that effective fraud prevention depends on the alignment of risk-based oversight with fraud risk management practices, robust internal control systems (including SPIP).

This meta-analytic study aims to comprehensively examine the relationship between mental health, learning capacity among health education students, and competencies in nosocomial disease risk management through cross-contextual empirical synthesis. An analysis of 47 studies involving 12,847 participants from 15 countries demonstrates a strong, statistically significant association between students' mental health and competencies in nosocomial infection prevention, as reflected by a correlation coefficient of r=0.68 (p<0.001) and a 95% confidence interval of 0.61-0.74. Students with high mental health scores (M=78.4; SD=8.2) exhibited substantially superior understanding of infection prevention protocols, namely 43% higher than the control group (M=54.7; SD=12.1; t(846)=18.42; p<0.001; d=2.31). Structural equation modeling confirmed learning capacity as a significant partial mediator (β=0.52; p<0.001), with an indirect effect reaching 35.4% and a 95% CI range of 28.6-42.1%. Mindfulness-based psychoeducational interventions were shown to enhance nosocomial risk identification abilities by 38.7% (F(2,564)=42.18; p<0.001; η²=0.41) while reducing clinical anxiety by 31.2% (t(382)=9.84; p<0.001). These findings extend the frameworks proposed by Song (2024) and Schutte et al. (2025), which primarily emphasize cognitive aspects, by demonstrating that the integration of psychological dimensions yields a multidimensional predictive model explaining 64.3% of the variance in risk management competence (R²=0.643; F(5,841)=304.76; p<0.001), surpassing conventional models that account for only 38-45% of the variance.

Anemia remains a significant public health problem commonly experienced by women of reproductive age (WRA) due to inadequate iron intake, blood loss during menstruation, and limited knowledge of healthy dietary patterns and balanced nutrition. This condition may lead to decreased productivity, reduced immune function, and an increased risk of complications in future pregnancies. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge of women of reproductive age regarding anemia prevention through balanced nutrition education at PMB Imelda Tae Sekadau in 2026. The method used in this activity was health education through lectures, discussions, and question-and-answer sessions. The activity was conducted through several stages, including opening, material delivery, evaluation, and closing sessions. A total of 11 women of reproductive age participated actively in the counseling session. The evaluation results indicated that more than 85% of participants were able to answer the questions provided after the material presentation, suggesting an improvement in understanding of anemia, its signs and symptoms, impacts, and the importance of implementing balanced nutrition in daily life as an effort to prevent anemia. Therefore, this counseling activity was considered effective in enhancing the knowledge of women of reproductive age regarding anemia prevention through balanced nutrition education.

Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease, particularly challenging in regions with extensive service areas. Community health volunteers are essential for prevention and management through blood pressure measurement. Existing training programs focus primarily on knowledge, highlighting the need to integrate cognitive learning with small-group skills practice to enhance practical competencies and community-based hypertension control. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest design was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of combined lecture and small-group training. Knowledge was assessed before and after training, while skills were evaluated post-intervention. Thirty volunteers from the Public Health Center Selakau participated. The results showed that knowledge of blood pressure measurement improved significantly, with pretest scores of 74.67 ± 16.34 rising to posttest scores of 90.00 ± 10.50 (p < 0.005). Posttest evaluation of practical skills showed a mean score of 80.93 ± 13.35, indicating proficient performance in most assessed items. Combined lecture and small-group training effectively enhanced both knowledge and practical skills of community health volunteers in blood pressure measurement. Integrating cognitive learning with hands-on practice strengthens theoretical understanding and field competencies, supporting more effective community-based hypertension control programs.

The rapid development of e-commerce has significantly increased the participation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the digital economy, particularly through the use of pre-order transaction schemes. Although Indonesia has established a relatively comprehensive legal framework for consumer protection and electronic transactions, pre-order transactions involving MSME products remain highly vulnerable to fraud. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal regulation and implementation of consumer protection in pre-order transactions conducted through e-commerce platforms, to identify legal, institutional, and social factors contributing to consumer vulnerability, and to examine the role of the state and e-commerce platform providers in strengthening consumer protection as a public policy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive-analytical character, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that existing consumer protection mechanisms remain partial and predominantly reactive, as they do not specifically accommodate the inherent risks of pre-order transactions nor are they supported by preventive supervision and enforcement mechanisms. Consumer vulnerability arises from the interaction between regulatory gaps, institutional limitations, and social conditions such as information asymmetry and low legal and digital literacy. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the necessity of a synergistic role between the state and e-commerce platforms in developing and implementing consumer protection policies oriented toward substantive justice and fraud prevention in the digital economy.

Gethsemane Salatiga website using Jakob Nielsen’s heuristic evaluation method combined with a triangulation approach. The evaluation involved 20 respondents, consisting of 7 UI/UX experts and 13 general users and guests, who assessed the website based on Nielsen’s ten heuristic principles, including visibility of system status, match between system and the real world, user control and freedom, consistency and standards, error prevention, recognition rather than recall, flexibility and efficiency of use, aesthetic and minimalist design, error recovery, and help and documentation. To minimize potential bias, the study integrated heuristic evaluation with user context analysis and empirical validation through usability testing, thereby providing a more comprehensive assessment. The results indicate that the overall UI/UX quality of the website is relatively good, with average scores ranging from 3 to 4 on a 5-point scale. Most identified issues fall within minor to moderate severity levels, with no critical problems affecting core functionalities. Consistency and standards received the highest average score (4.0), while alignment with user expectations and visual comfort still need improvement. Recommendations include enhancing system feedback, strengthening error prevention mechanisms, and improving help and documentation features. The differences in assessments between expert and non-expert respondents highlight the importance of professional evaluation in identifying usability issues. This study contributes to the refinement of a more reliable and contextually relevant UI/UX evaluation framework, particularly within the hospitality and tourism sector.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in high-burden countries such as Indonesia. Nutritional status is one of the important factors influencing the incidence and outcomes of TB. This literature review aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and pulmonary tuberculosis based on recent national and international studies. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Portal Garuda using the keywords “nutritional status” and “tuberculosis” as well as “status gizi tuberculosis” within the period of 2019–2024. Eligible articles were analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that poor nutritional status is significantly associated with an increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. Malnutrition impairs cellular immunity, particularly T-lymphocyte and macrophage function, thereby increasing susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Conversely, active TB infection can worsen nutritional status through increased energy expenditure, decreased appetite, and metabolic alterations. This bidirectional relationship highlights the crucial role of nutritional interventions in TB prevention and management. Therefore, improving nutritional status should be considered an integral component of tuberculosis control strategies.

Corruption remains a systemic challenge in Indonesia, particularly in the administration of government grant funding, undermining public trust, institutional integrity, and sustainable development. Despite the establishment of the Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi, KPK) and other specialized bodies, law enforcement continues to face institutional, political, and cultural barriers. This study explores how Islamic criminal law can strengthen anti-corruption strategies by integrating empirical legal practices with normative religious principles. Using a normative-empirical socio-legal approach, the research combines case studies of KPK’s enforcement processes with doctrinal analysis of fiqh jināyah. Data were collected through legal document analysis, policy reviews, and qualitative evaluations of institutional reports and court rulings. Findings indicate that Islamic legal concepts such as khiyānah (breach of trust), ghulūl (misappropriation of public assets), amānah (trustworthiness), ʿadl (justice), and maṣlaḥah (public interest) provide a strong ethical foundation that complements positive law enforcement. While KPK has demonstrated effectiveness in investigation, prosecution, and prevention, its performance is constrained by political pressure, regulatory gaps, and limited resources. The study concludes that embedding Islamic ethical principles into governance, legal education, and public administration can enhance institutional accountability, reinforce preventive measures, and cultivate a culture of integrity. This normative convergence advances socio-legal pluralism and offers practical insights for value-based anti-corruption policy in Indonesia.

Particularly in emerging nations, corporate environmental criminality poses a serious threat to environmental justice, sustainable development, and legal responsibility. With a focus on corporate crime theory and green criminology, this study critically analyzes corporate environmental crime using an integrative framework that blends modern criminological viewpoints with Islamic criminal law (fiqh al-jināyah). This study examines how Islamic legal concepts, particularly the doctrine of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, can enhance current models of corporate criminal responsibility and environmental governance using a normative-analytical and conceptual approach. The results show that structural incentives, lax enforcement, and profit-driven rationalization tactics make traditional regulatory and penal measures ineffective at discouraging corporate environmental malfeasance. Islamic criminal law provides a revolutionary framework that places environmental conservation as both a legal requirement and a moral necessity because of its strong ethical orientation and comprehensive view of justice. With a focus on ecological balance (ḥifẓ al-bi’ah), property (ḥifẓ al-māl), and life preservation (ḥifẓ al-nafs), this study offers a value-based corporate accountability approach that goes beyond deterrence-oriented punishment and prioritizes prevention, restoration, and social responsibility. By broadening the doctrinal scope of Islamic criminal law to acknowledge corporate criminal culpability, this integrative approach makes a theoretical contribution. Practically, it informs regulatory enforcement and environmental policy change. The study presents an interdisciplinary paradigm that unites criminological analysis and religious legal reasoning, providing a strong basis for creating environmental governance systems that are just, moral, and sustainable, especially in developing nations and jurisdictions with a majority of Muslims.

Canker sores are an inflammation of the oral tissues, generally caused by bacterial and fungal infections. They can cause pain and discomfort and reduce the sufferer's quality of life. Treatment for canker sores has been dominated by synthetic drugs, but they are less popular among the public, especially children, due to discomfort and concerns about side effects. Therefore, we need safer and more easily accepted alternative treatments based on culturally derived materials. This study is to investigate the potential of pineapple and melon stems formulated in the form of gummy candy nanosimplicia as a complementary therapy in the treatment of canker sores. The research method was carried out through a literature review by collecting scientific articles from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, then analyzed using VOSviewer software to map emerging research trends and potential. The analysis results indicate that there are approximately 600 articles discussing the active metabolite content in pineapple and melon stems that have antibacterial and antifungal activity, as well as the development of innovative preparations such as gummy candy as a delivery medium for bioactive compounds. The implications of this study indicate that the combination of pineapple stem and melon nanosimplisia has the potential to be developed as a safe, attractive, and effective natural herbal candy product for the prevention and treatment of mouth ulcers, especially in children.

Anemia in toddlers is a serious nutritional problem that impacts physical growth, cognitive development, and the child's immune system. This study aims to provide an overview of the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents in preventing anemia in toddlers. This quantitative study involved 50 respondents using a structured questionnaire instrument covering the domains of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and sources of health information. The results showed that respondents' knowledge was in the adequate category; although all respondents (100%) understood the negative impact of anemia on growth and intelligence, only 80% understood the technical definition and clinical symptoms accurately. In the attitude domain, respondents showed a very positive response (100%) to the importance of balanced nutrition and early prevention. Regarding the practical aspect, although regular visits to integrated health posts (Posyandu) reached 100%, the consistency of daily animal side dish intake remained at 80%. An interesting finding showed a shift in information sources, with social media (80%) dominating over direct exposure to information from health workers (40%). This study concluded that there is a gap between positive attitudes and consistent daily practices, and the need to optimize health education through digital media by medical personnel to reduce the incidence of anemia in toddlers.

Drug abuse among university students is a problem that needs serious attention because it can damage health, reduce academic achievement, and hinder the future of the younger generation. University students are in a phase of self-discovery, making them susceptible to unhealthy environments and social circles. Therefore, comprehensive drug prevention efforts are needed in higher education settings. This article discusses various forms of drug prevention among students through education, character building, and active student involvement in positive activities. The method used is a literature review from various relevant sources. The results of the discussion show that drug prevention can be effective if supported by cooperation between the campus, families, and students. Education about the dangers of drugs, strengthening moral values, and creating a safe and healthy campus environment are important steps in preventing drug abuse. With continuous prevention efforts, it is hoped that students will be able to protect themselves from the influence of drugs and play a role as a healthy, accomplished, and responsible young generation.

The mental health crisis in Indonesia is increasingly alarming, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, social stigma, and unequal access to professional services. A clinical approach alone is not enough to address this complex problem. This study offers a novelty in the form of an integrative approach: revitalizing the role of families and communities based on Islamic values (rahmah, ta'awun, shabr, syura, tarbiyah ruhiyah) combined with the use of digital social communities as a medium for education, discussion, and support systems. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, reviewing national and international literature, social support theory (Cohen & Wills, 1985), religious coping (Koenig, 2012), and Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory (1979). The results of the study show that families play a strategic role in the prevention, assistance, and referral of mental health cases, while digital communities are effective as spaces for education and emotional validation, with scalability and anonymity as their main strengths. Concrete strategies offered include family education, stigma-free campaigns on social media, spiritual care hotlines, and cross-sector collaboration. This approach is in line with the collectivist culture of Indonesian Muslim society and is more adaptive in the digital era. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for practical programs, public policy, and further research to create a more caring, stigma-free, and resilient society in the face of mental health crises.

Corruption is a serious problem that leads to declining public trust, weakened governance, and hindered national development. Beyond economic losses, corruption also erodes moral values, ethics, and social justice within society. Therefore, corruption prevention efforts must be carried out systematically and sustainably, one of which is through the internalization of anti-corruption values at an early stage, particularly among students as future generations. This community service activity aimed to instill values of integrity, honesty, responsibility, and public ethics among students through the Anti-Corruption Generation Interactive Seminar, conducted in commemoration of International Anti-Corruption Day 2025. The activity involved approximately 150 junior and senior high school students in Makassar. The method employed was an interactive seminar implemented through material presentations and discussions between speakers and participants. The seminar materials emphasized an understanding of the dangers of corruption, its impacts on national and social life, and the strategic role of students in fostering an anti-corruption culture within schools and the wider community. The evaluation of the activity was conducted through observation of participant engagement and responses during the seminar. The results indicated an increase in students’ understanding and awareness of anti-corruption values, as well as the importance of integrity-oriented behavior in everyday life. This activity demonstrates that interactive seminars can serve as an effective approach to supporting students’ character development and strengthening preventive efforts against corruption.