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This research aims to determine the use of deixis in the novel entitled "12 Stories of Glen Anggara" by Luluk HF and its implications for novel learning. This research focuses on looking for elements of persona deixis, time deixis, space or place deixis, and social deixis in the novel "12 stories of Glen Anggara". The main problem of this research is to look for the use of deixis in the content of the novel entitled "12 stories of Glen Anggara" in detail in pragmatic studies. The researcher also aims to have implications for the results of deictic analysis in the novel "12 Stories of Glen Anggara" in learning novels in high school. This research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach with the type of research used is content analysis techniques. The results of this research found that many deictic elements were used in the novel "12 Stories Glen Anggra" by Luluk HF. The tendency for the deictic elements contained in this novel is persona deixis because the novel writer tends to bring up characterization elements followed by time deixis, indicating deixis, place deixis, and social deixis.

The position of the Prime Minister (PM) in Iraq is the head of the Iraqi government and the Iraqi Council of Ministers and is represented as the direct executive responsible for the general policy of the state and the commander in chief of the Iraqi armed forces. The PM is assigned by the President of the Republic and the candidate of the most numerous parliamentary bloc in the parliamentary systems, as he forms the Council of Ministers within fifteen days from the date of the election of the President of the Republic. The problem of this study lies in the constitutional and legal absence, which takes it upon itself to refer to this important position, and defines its competence and powers. The most important problem of this study, including, the legal and constitutional adaptation to the position of Deputy Prime Minister (DPM), whether at the national, global, and European levels. Besides, whether is the position of the PDM considering a public servant or assigned to public service. Obviously, from imposing the possibility on the Iraqi and international levels of most foreign countries that this problem will have a number of results about this characterization. In this research, the researcher used the analytical method, where the research was dealt with in two topics, introducing the Deputy Prime Minister, and the second topic was devoted to the mechanism of electing the Deputy Prime Minister.

The position of the Prime Minister (PM) in Iraq is the head of the Iraqi government and the Iraqi Council of Ministers and is represented as the direct executive responsible for the general policy of the state and the commander in chief of the Iraqi armed forces. The PM is assigned by the President of the Republic and the candidate of the most numerous parliamentary bloc in the parliamentary systems, as he forms the Council of Ministers within fifteen days from the date of the election of the President of the Republic. The problem of this study lies in the constitutional and legal absence, which takes it upon itself to refer to this important position, and defines its competence and powers. The most important problem of this study, including, the legal and constitutional adaptation to the position of Deputy Prime Minister (DPM), whether at the national, global, and European levels. Besides, whether is the position of the PDM considering a public servant or assigned to public service. Obviously, from imposing the possibility on the Iraqi and international levels of most foreign countries that this problem will have a number of results about this characterization. In this research, the researcher used the analytical method, where the research was dealt with in two topics, introducing the Deputy Prime Minister, and the second topic was devoted to the mechanism of electing the Deputy Prime Minister.

A drama text or script is a story performed on stage that tells the lives of the characters with such a plot. Drama as a literary genre has two dimensions, namely the literary dimension and the performing arts dimension. As a literary dimension, drama is focused on a script written by the author in dialogue form so that it can be read, enjoyed and understood by the reader. Meanwhile, as a dimension of performing arts, drama is focused on performances on stage. Drama has its own special features, compared to other literary genres. Structural studies in literary research are an approach that emphasizes the idea that a literary work is something that stands alone from other elements. Intrinsic elements do not only consist of theme, events, characters, plot, setting, message and point of view, but in a drama script you will also study the title, theme, wawancang and kramagung, acts and scenes, characterization and character, conflict, plot. , setting, dialogue techniques, drama types.

This article analyzes the folk tales of Pla Bu Thong and Bawang Putih Bawang Merah. These two stories have two countries, namely Thailand and Indonesia, which are located in the Southeast Asia region. These two folk tales were taken from the online library. The two folktales as data sources are compared to see the differences and similarities in these parts. By making a comparison, it was found that there were differences between the three stories in the elements of characters and characterization as well as the way in which the problems they faced were resolved. The existence of parts that show these differences at a further stage shows similarities. Differences in character and characterization are equalized by characters who both have the same temperament and family background. The difference is the location chosen to solve the problem. The differences in several elements that make up literary works lead to the same aims and objectives.

Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources to support the transition toward clean energy, yet conventional solar cell technology still faces efficiency limitations. Perovskite materials offer a potential solution due to their superior optoelectronic properties, although challenges related to stability and toxicity remain. This study aims to analyze the interaction of electromagnetic waves with perovskite materials and to evaluate the effect of nano-scale anti-reflective coatings on improving energy conversion efficiency. The research employed a combination of electromagnetic simulations using specialized software and laboratory experiments with miniature perovskite solar cell prototypes. Simulation results demonstrated higher electromagnetic field intensity within the active layer after the addition of anti-reflective coatings, with photon absorption increased by 15–18%. Experimental validation revealed that the energy conversion efficiency improved from 16.8–17.5% without anti-reflective layers to 20.5–21.3% with TiO₂- and SiO₂-based coatings. Optical characterization using a spectrophotometer confirmed enhanced light absorption up to 90% at specific wavelengths, while SEM analysis showed that smoother and more uniform SiO₂ coatings contributed to superior performance compared to TiO₂. Minor discrepancies between simulation and experimental results were attributed to fabrication variations, yet both approaches exhibited consistent improvement trends. These findings highlight that integrating perovskite materials with nano-scale anti-reflective coatings is a key strategy for enhancing the efficiency of next-generation solar cells while supporting future clean energy sustainability.

Proteolytic bacteria are bacteria that can degrade proteins by producing extracellular protease enzymes. Proteolytic bacteria can be found in mangrove soil. This is because the dry weight of mangrove leaf litter contains 61% protein. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of proteolytic bacterial isolates from mangrove soil in Pandaratan Beach, Sarudik District, Central Tapanuli Regency and to characterize them. This study used a laboratory experimental method which was analyzed descriptively. Soil sampling was carried out at two location points I (sandy) and location II (muddy) which were isolated using SMA media with the streak plate method. Characterization includes macroscopic and microscopic observations as well as biochemical tests. The results of the study found that there were 15 isolates of proteolytic bacteria isolated from the mangrove soil of Pandaratan Beach, Central Tapanuli. The highest activity test of the proteolytic index (IP) was obtained 0.82 mm by the Micrococcus (L1) and 0.09 mm lowest by Brevibacillus (L2). A total of 11 genera of proteolytic bacteria were found, including Curtobacterium (P1 and L7), Bacillus (P2, P4, and P7), Enterococcus (P3), Brevibacillus (P5 and L2), Carnobacterium (P6), Paenibacillus (P8), Micrococcus (L1), Vagococcus (L3), Marinococcus (L4), Halobacillus (L5), Sporosarcina (L6).

Uniaxial Compressive Strength is a test method to classify the strength and characterization of intact rock. Where it is important information in determining the strength and characteristics of a rock obtained by testing using the UCS tool. In this research, an alternative is made in determining the UCS value precisely and easily, namely by using the schmidt hammer test and compressive strength test. Therefore, this research aims to obtain the correlation value between the results of the compressive strength test and the schmidt hammer test on siltstone.This research is a quantitative research, so that to obtain accurate calculation data, testing methods are used in the form of compressive strength tests on rocks and schmidt hammer tests, which in this case are tested on siltstone samples. In this study, 2 rock formations were used, including the Pulau Balang formation and the Kampung Baru formation, so that the accuracy of the test results can be obtained properly.  Based on the results of observations and calculations that have been made, it can be concluded that the correlation of the uniaxial compressive strength value with the rebound number schmidt hammer value shows a positive linear correlation between the UCS value and the rebound number schmidt hammer value, in this case it can be seen when the uniaxial compressive strength value is higher, the rebound number schmidt hammer value is also higher.

Literary works are creative expressions that focus on the human experience and life, utilizing language as a means of communication. Furthermore, literature is the outcome of human creativity conveyed via the use of writing and language as a means of communication. Literature is essentially a form of artistic expression by humans that use language as a medium to convey experiences, thoughts, feelings, and ideas. Common literary works encountered in daily life include short tales, poems, novels, films, and dramas. The aim of this research is to identify the inherent components contained in the film "Mencuri Raden Saleh". The approach used in this research is to conduct an analytical investigation of a literary work, followed by collecting verifiable evidence. In this analysis, researchers explore the inherent components contained in films, such as topic, characters/characterization, plot, setting, point of view, language style, and message.

Some food industries still use synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes, if consumed, can harm your health. Turmeric can be used as a natural food coloring. This natural coloring is applied to sweet jelly. This natural coloring agent must be used in fresh juice. To extend the use time of the natural dyes turmeric-bay leaves, ginger-bay leaves, this research was carried out in a variety of storage conditions without using preservatives. The aim of the research was to determine the results of the content of secondary metabolite compounds in turmeric-laurel extract, curcuma-laurel extract, turmeric extract and curcuma extract, in making solid preparations using preservatives, namely citric acid, maltodextin and sucrose. This research uses experimental methods with Sari method is done on a mixture of turmeric-bay leaves and ginger-bay leaves using a water solvent using the distillation method. Determination of variations in storage conditions was carried out for 7 days and the effect of storage temperature. Color stability and intensity measurements were carried out using visible spectrophotometry and characterization methods. The results of this research were obtained. The absorbance intensity test on turmeric-bay leaves was carried out at a wavelength of 425.14 nm with a result of 0.442 (day 1), ginger-bay leaves had an absorbance of 0.490 ( day 1). In the color stability test, there was a change in color from day 3 at drying cupboard temperature, at refrigerator temperature and at room temperature, the color remained stable.

During the process of making sambiloto simplicial which involves heat, it can cause degradation of chlorophyll. Increasing the stability of chlorophyll can be done by forming Zn-chlorophyll complexes with metals which are be able to form complexes where more stable than Mg such as by using Zn. The aim of this research is to determine how the physical and chemical characteristics of the bitter simplicia powder produced are influenced by the type of reagent and the concentration of the reagent when heated in an oven. Simplicia bitter powder is made through a sorting, grinding and sieving process. Next, the zinc chloride and zinc acetate reagents were mixed with concentrations of 0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm, and then dried. The results showed a real effect (p value <0.05) of the interaction between the types of ZnCl2 and Zn acetate reagents and the reagent concentration on color intensity, color stability, water content, ash content and chlorophyll content. The higher the concentration of ZnCl2 and Zn acetate, the higher the water content, ash content, chlorophyll content, L*, and -a*, while b* and ∆E decrease. At a concentration of 500 ppm ZnCl2 showed an increase in water, ash, chlorophyll, ∆E, L*, and a* content while b* decreased. Meanwhile, Zn acetate 500 ppm moisture content, ash content, chlorophyll content, L*, and ∆E decreased, while a* and b* increased. Sambiloto simplicia powder which has the highest chlorophyll content is Zn acetate 400 ppm, with characteristics of water content 6.81% ww, ash content 15.74% ww, total chlorophyll 397.97 mg/100 g ww, green color intensity (-a) -2.93, and ∆E 5.48.

This research is based on an analysis of an American short story entitled The Lottery by Shirley Jackson. The purpose of this analysis is to examine and categorize the characterization of the character in the short story. The methods applied to analyze the data in this study is a qualitative method to describe in words the examination of the short story based on the characterization. The data source is collected through documentation and note-taking processes. For the results of this analysis the character in the short story classified into several types and detailed classifications of each character's traits, actions, and roles within the context of the narrative.

The one shot shooting technique for showing character changes in the main character in the film Sabda Kekasih is packaged very interestingly. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the one shot shooting technique used to show character changes in the main character. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method to reveal changes in the character of the main character which is displayed using the one shot technique. These character changes can be seen from the dialogue, expressions and behavior displayed and will be dissected using Lajos Egri's characterization theory which discusses the dimensions of physiology, sociology and psychology. The result of this research is that the character experiences a change in character due to an accident he experiences that makes him blind. So it can be concluded that the character changes that occurred to the main character in the film Sabda Kekasih occurred because of the accident he experienced.

Literary work is a work of imagination expressed in written form by a writer. These literary works are created by writers for aesthetic purposes. Literary works often tell a story, plot, characterization and conflict background. Stories based on essays or true stories produced as literary works, to convey ideas and positive messages from the author to readers. The method used in this research is qualitative analysis and is linked to Maslow's Needs theory. Needs are very often called basic needs which are described as a hierarchy that describes the levels of needs, namely, physiological needs, safety, social needs, ego, and self-actualization. The method used is related to the conditions and situations of the subject in the novel. In the novel Dear Nathan, there are characters that will be discussed, namely Nathan, Salma, Daniel, Ardi (Papa Nathan), and Mama Meli (Mama Nathan), the characters consist of character, protagonist, antagonist, tritagonist. Mixed storyline, sad, happy, touched, regretful. Messages in the novel: Be grateful, learn to understand, give love, be sincere, be loyal, keep promises, make sacrifices, be faithful. In this research, it is hoped that readers can understand the message given by the author.

Petrophysical evaluation of the Baturaja Formation on limestone reservoirs of the Field X, using conventional well log interpretation techniques and relating the results to core data based on laboratory analysis, shows that the reservoir characterization parameters to decide future plan for the well. This study shows the role of integrated petrophysical analysis it is possible that an acceptable and can be completed within the constraints and limitations of the available data, but sometimes additional data are needed. These new data, typically additional SCAL (Special Core Analysis), RCAL (Routine Core Analysis), well test data and mud loging data it’s must be integrated. The results of research based on petrophysical parameters is baturaja formation are dominated by limestone. Based on the results of the analysis, the reservoir layer in the baturaja formation, the BRF-1 is a potential hydrocarbon zone while the BRF- 2 and BRF-3 are non-potential zones. The BRF-1 has an average shale volume is 0,187 which is classified as clean formation, a porosity is 0,134 which is classified as small and for a water saturation is 0,677. The calculation method used is the Archie method because it excels in clean formation. Meanwhile, the Simandoux method has advantages in shaly sand formation and the Indonesian method is suitable for formations in Indonesian regions where the dominant formations are shaly sand and low salinity water. Then, cuf-off for BRF-1 obtained a net reservoir of 25.9 m and a netpay of 3,4 m. The results of this data are used to obtain the initial hydrocarbon reserves using the volumetric method and the amount reserves are 84740.5 STB in the BRF-1 zone.

This research aims to investigate and optimize drilling strategies as an effort to increase production efficiency in the geological context of oil and gas production. Effective drilling is a key element in the exploitation of hydrocarbon resources, and this research combines geological analysis and drilling techniques to achieve optimal results. This study begins with an in-depth characterization of the physical and chemical properties of the reservoir rocks to understand the geological challenges faced. Next, existing drilling techniques are evaluated and analyzed in the context of a particular production field. The results of this analysis are the basis for developing an integrative model that combines aspects of geology and drilling techniques.Through this approach, this research aims to identify potential improvements in drilling strategies that could significantly increase production. Simulation and modeling results illustrate the positive impact of implementing optimized drilling strategies on production efficiency and hydrocarbon recovery. The conclusions of this research provide a new perspective on the importance of integration between geological science and drilling techniques in achieving efficient production goals. It is hoped that these findings will provide practical guidance for the production geology industry to increase the sustainability of oil and gas production.  

Numerous efforts have been made to improve English language learning in non-formal institutions. One of them is by developing interesting teaching-learning media. The learning media used in this program is a student final exam product which is assessed in the Intensive Reading Course, where students are asked to read continuously about one short story, then conduct it into literary elements such as characterization, storyline, etc. After this progress, creative visual learning media was created using materials like paper or cardboard equipped with attractive colors. The objectives of this program include several things; firstly, improving the English language skills of children in the Manggrove Leaf Community, secondly, through learning media, it can be integrated into mastering vocabulary and pronunciation, and thirdly, children can retell what they hear in their own words. It is hoped that the method applied will continue to increase children's efforts in creative and enjoyable learning processes in various non-formal institutions. Some things that are considered priority problems that must be resolved include first, increasing English vocabulary, second, pronunciation of English vocabulary, and third, increasing enthusiasm and motivation for learning English. The solution offered is creative and fun English learning through visual learning media.

The purpose of this research to effect variations cacao peel ash to parameters mechanical and morphology in making red brick. This research method uses the experiment. The research of characterization compressive strength value a minimum of 29,73 kg/cm2 and maximum of 243,82 kg/cm2. The morphology structure testing with software digimizer a minimum of 0,7985 μm, and maximum of 2,4551 μm. The composition of mixing clay, water, and cacao peel ash by increasing the burning temperature of bricks show the optimum test parameters at the temperature 1000℃ with variation in cacao peel ash is 20% that has the met the standard SNI 15-2094-2000.

The novel The Last Shoe tells the story of the life of a father named Pak Marwan. The character Pak Marwan in the novel The Last Shoe is the main character of the story. Mr, Marwan is a shoe craftsman whose name is known as the “father of shoes”. Pak Marwan opened a shoe business and made the name of his village known to many people. This type of research is qualitative research which aims to understand social phenomena, including the phenomenon being studied. The descriptive method of analysis is to describe the facts followed by content analysis. The data in this research is in the form of discourse related to the object of research is the novel The Last Shoe by Toni Tegar Sahidi. The primary data source in this research is the next of the novel The Last Shoe. Data collection techniques use heuristic and hermeneutic reading methods. The results of this research are to find out the characterizations contained in the novel The Last Shoes by Toni Tegar Sahidi, namely responsible, hardworking, business style, and teaching employees to be independent.

The inner conflict of the main character in the novel entitled Sebening Syahadat by Diva Sinar Rembulan is interesting to research through the study of literary psychology. The inner conflict experienced by the main character in the novel begins when the main character finds the woman of his dreams and searches for an identity that he has not yet believed in. The aim of this research is to describe the inner conflict experienced by the main character of the novel Sebening Syahadat by Diva Sinar Rembulan. This type of research is a literature study. The approach used is a literary psychology approach. The method used is a qualitative method. The data collection technique used is a documentation technique in three ways, namely, literature study, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The instrument used is a data card for the classification of intrinsic elements and forms of inner conflict. The analysis technique used is content analysis technique. The presentation of the results of data analysis is carried out descriptively. The results of this research found intrinsic elements in the form of characters and characterization, plot and setting. The second thing was found to be 47 data on the form of inner conflict in the form of (6) anxiety, (1) obsession, (3) frustration, (12) guilt, (7) hurt, (1) fear, (5) inability, (12) angry. This research can be used as an alternative teaching material at the high school/vocational school level.