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Nahwu (Arabic grammar) is a fundamental discipline in learning the Arabic language, helping to prevent errors in speech and serving as a primary key to clearly understanding Islamic legal texts. However, in practice, the teaching of Nahwu often faces complex challenges, particularly the lack of active participation among female students and their uneven mastery of the subject. Therefore, this study aims to explore the problems in teaching Nahwu at Al-Madani Islamic Boarding School in Cikalong and to identify the factors causing these issues. This study aims to: (1) reveal the problems faced by second-grade female students of KMI in learning Nahwu at Al-Madani Islamic Boarding School in Cikalong, and (2) identify the contributing factors influencing the emergence of these problems. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. The researcher used three data collection techniques: classroom observation, in-depth interviews with the Nahwu teacher, and questionnaires distributed to the students. For data analysis, the researcher applied the Miles and Huberman model, which consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. To ensure data validity, data triangulation techniques were used. The results of the study indicate that the problems are divided into two main aspects: (1) learning-related problems, including the gap between memorization of grammatical rules and their application (i‘rab), high levels of academic anxiety, and decreased classroom concentration; and (2) contributing factors, including methodological factors, linguistic-psychological factors, and classroom management factors. The researcher suggests that teachers adopt more interactive teaching methods and media, as well as innovative visual tools to reduce the abstract nature of Nahwu materials and enhance students’ functional understanding. Additionally, activating “Halaqah Nahwiyyah” (grammar study circles) in dormitories is recommended to overcome psychological barriers and improve students’ linguistic confidence.

This study aims to explore the role of pet attachment among cat owners in Palembang, focusing on how emotional bonds are formed, interpreted, and influence psychological well-being. A qualitative approach was employed using purposive sampling to select two main participants who had high interaction intensity with their cats, along with additional informants from family members and neighbors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed thematically with source triangulation to ensure validity. The findings reveal that pet attachment develops through daily interactions such as feeding, cleaning, playing, and monitoring the cat’s health. Cats are perceived not only as domestic animals but also as companions that provide psychological comfort, emotional support, and stress reduction. Factors shaping attachment include emotional needs, intensity of daily interaction, empathy toward the pet’s condition, long-term caregiving commitment, and the perception of cats as significant companions. The duration of ownership strengthens attachment quality, while the loss of a pet triggers profound grief comparable to losing a family member. Moreover, pet attachment influences family dynamics and social identity, portraying owners as caring and empathetic individuals. In conclusion, pet attachment among cat owners in Palembang is a complex psychological phenomenon involving emotional, social, and behavioral dimensions. The relationship between humans and cats extends beyond utilitarian functions, evolving into deep affective bonds that serve as coping mechanisms and psychosocial support in urban life. These findings enrich the literature on human-animal relationships and highlight the therapeutic and emotional value of pets in modern society.

This study aims to analyze the influence of workforce agility, job satisfaction, and job engagement on employee adaptive performance at PT. MMT Buana Logistik. The dynamic logistics industry requires employees who have high adaptability to technological changes and operational demands. This type of research is quantitative causality with an explanatory approach. The population in this study were all employees of PT. MMT Buana Logistik, totaling 49 people, with the sampling technique used saturated sampling (census). Data were collected through questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis techniques used included instrument testing (validity and reliability), testing of classical assumptions (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity), and multiple linear regression analysis. Hypothesis testing was carried out through t-tests (partial), F-tests (simultaneous) and coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that workforce agility, job satisfaction, and job engagement partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on employee adaptive performance. These findings imply the importance of managing work flexibility, fulfilling employee satisfaction, and increasing work engagement to build adaptive human resources to support company competitiveness in the logistics industry.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of Relationship Marketing (X1), Service Quality (X2) and Brand Attachment (X3) on Member Loyalty (Y) at the Usaha Sejahtera Credit Cooperative. The sample used was 100 respondents, with the sampling method using non-probability sampling with simple random sampling technique. The initial analysis on the research instrument, by transforming ordinal data to interval data using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI) then the data was further analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) version 31. The data analysis carried out was Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test (Normality Test, Multicollinearity Test, Heteroscedasticity Test (Glejser Test), Linearity Test, Correlation, Multiple Linear Regression and Coefficient of Determination), Hypothesis Test (t test). The results of the study showed that Relationship Marketing (X1) partially had a significant effect on Member Loyalty (Y). Service Quality (X2) partially had a significant effect on Member Loyalty (Y). Brand Attachment (X3) has a partial and significant influence on Member Loyalty (Y).

This study aims to elaborate on the determinants of consumer purchasing decisions by emphasizing the role of social media, trust levels, and product quality in the Blibli e-commerce ecosystem in Batam City. The applied methodological framework is based on a descriptive quantitative approach involving 204 respondents with active transaction track records, selected through a purposive sampling technique based on the Jacob Cohen formula to ensure proportionality and validity of sample representation. Empirical data were collected through a structured questionnaire, then processed using comprehensive statistical analysis stages that include instrument validity and reliability testing, classical assumption evaluation, multiple linear regression modeling, and hypothesis testing through partial (t) and simultaneous (F) tests. The analysis results revealed that social media intensity contributed 14.1% to purchasing decisions, trust influenced 36.0%, while product quality influenced 40.4%. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 86.4% indicates that the three exogenous variables simultaneously have substantial explanatory power towards variations in purchasing decisions. The t-test and F-test findings consistently confirm the significant influence of both individual and collective factors, thus confirming that strengthening digital presence, platform credibility, and consistent product quality are strategic foundations in guiding the preferences and purchasing intentions of Blibli consumers in Batam City.

This study aims to analyze the effect of employer branding on the job interest of Generation Z in digital companies. The background of this research is based on the increasing competition among companies in attracting young talents, especially Generation Z, who have unique characteristics such as being highly adaptive to technology, prioritizing work-life balance, and having high expectations toward the workplace environment. Employer branding has become an essential strategy for companies to build an attractive and competitive image as an employer. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents from Generation Z who are seeking jobs or interested in working in digital companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques include validity testing, reliability testing, simple linear regression analysis, and t-test. The results indicate that employer branding has a positive and significant effect on Generation Z’s job interest. This implies that the better the company’s image as an employer, the higher the interest of Generation Z to work in the company. This study suggests that digital companies need to strengthen their employer branding strategies to attract and retain young talents.

This study is motivated by the escalation of mass protests in Pati Regency throughout 2025, triggered by significant increases in Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) rates and prolonged agrarian disputes in the Kendeng Mountains region. These socio-political tensions indicate weaknesses in public communication governance between local government authorities and local communities. This conceptual article employs an integrative literature review combined with a descriptive-analytical approach to secondary data derived from media transcripts, fiscal policy documents, and legal studies on public order management. The findings reveal that the protests were fundamentally driven by a public communication crisis rather than merely fiscal or agrarian policy issues. The implementation of coercive one-way communication and confrontational rhetoric by government elites undermined relational trust and threatened the communal dignity of citizens. Furthermore, post-crisis apology strategies were perceived as insufficiently authentic when not accompanied by substantive corrective actions. The study concludes that the formal legal validity of local regulations does not guarantee successful implementation without obtaining a community's Social License to Operate (SLO). Therefore, this article proposes the Symmetrical Community Engagement (SCE) framework as a new paradigm for repositioning public sector public relations toward a proactive and participatory approach from the pre-legislative stage to support democratic governance

This study analyzes the effect of pastry menu innovation and breakfast service on guest satisfaction at Hotel Indigo Seminyak Bali. The increasing competition in the hospitality industry requires hotels to continuously improve service quality and guest experience. Menu innovation and breakfast service are key factors that directly influence guest satisfaction, particularly through the overall dining experience during guests’ stay. This research used a quantitative descriptive approach with data collected through questionnaires, observation, and documentation from 120 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, and F-test with SPSS version 26. The results show that menu innovation has a positive and significant effect on guest satisfaction (p < 0.05). Breakfast service also has a positive and significant effect on guest satisfaction (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence guest satisfaction (F = 41.701). Among the two variables, breakfast service is the most dominant factor affecting guest satisfaction. These findings indicate that improving menu innovation and breakfast service can enhance guest satisfaction and strengthen competitiveness in the hospitality industry.

 This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) in predicting stock return fluctuations. The study focuses on retail sector issuers listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2021 and 2024. Through the application of panel data regression analysis, the study determined that the Common Effects Model (CEM) is the most appropriate estimation method. This decision was made based on a series of tests including the Chow Test and the Lagrange Multiplier. Although classical assumption testing showed symptoms of heteroscedasticity, this problem was addressed using the EGLS (cross-sector weighting) Panel method to ensure the validity of the estimates. Based on partial testing, it is found that TATO and NPM variables have a positive and significant contribution to stock returns, while DER is found to have no significant effect. Collectively, all independent variables had a significant effect, with the Adjusted R-Square value reaching 27.80%. This indicates that for investors in the retail sector, profitability and operational efficiency are important indicators in making investment decisions.

This study aims to examine the influence of price, brand image, and product innovation on the level of customer loyalty of Honda motorcycles, especially in Purworejo Regency. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents with the following requirements: a minimum of 17 years old, domiciled in Purworejo Regency, have used or owned a Honda motorcycle for at least 1 year, and selected using a purposive sampling technique. Then the data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Before being analyzed, validity and reliability tests were conducted to determine the instrument can be used and a classical assumption test was conducted to ensure that the regression model meets statistical requirements. The results of the research analysis simultaneously show that price, brand image, and product innovation have a significant influence on customer loyalty. However, this is different from the partial test which indicates that only brand image has a significant influence in shaping customer loyalty. Brand image was also found to be the most dominant factor in increasing the tendency to repurchase, resistance to competing brands, and positive customer recommendations.

This research is motivated by the low level of awareness among some students regarding maintaining a clean school environment and proper waste management. SMP IT Khairunnas,Bengkulu City, implemented a clean environment program as an effort to build students'environmental awareness through cleaning activities, waste sorting, and environmental management.school actively. This study aims to analyze the process of the environmental cleanup program in exploring students' awareness of waste management, identifying supporting and inhibiting factors of the program, and explaining the impact of the program on students' daily behavior in maintaining a clean school environment. This study uses a qualitative approach with fieldresearch. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The primary data sources in this study were the principal, teachers, and students of SMP IT Khairunnas, Bengkulu City.Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was carried out through technical triangulation and source triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the environmental cleanup program at SMP IT Khairunnas, Bengkulu City was implemented through class duty activities, mutual cooperation, sorting organic and inorganic waste, waste banks, and environmental education activities.

Stock market volatility represents a key indicator of financial market uncertainty, particularly in emerging economies where market structures are still evolving and are highly sensitive to global shocks. This study aims to analyze and compare the volatility dynamics of stock markets in four Asian emerging economies: Indonesia, India, Malaysia, and Thailand. The research employs a quantitative approach using daily stock index data from January 2011 to January 2026 obtained from Yahoo Finance. Stock returns are calculated using logarithmic transformation and analyzed using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH(1,1)) model. Prior to model estimation, stationarity and ARCH effect tests are conducted to ensure the validity of volatility modeling. The empirical findings indicate that all return series exhibit non-normal distribution, strong volatility clustering, and significant ARCH effects. The estimation results show that both ARCH and GARCH parameters are statistically significant, with persistence levels close to unity across all markets, implying that volatility shocks tend to persist over a long period. These findings suggest that emerging stock markets in Asia are highly sensitive to external shocks and exhibit long-memory volatility behavior. The results provide important implications for investors and policymakers in designing effective risk management and market stabilization strategies.

This study aims to analyze the influence of influencer marketing, brand image, and e-WOM on purchasing decisions on the Shopee marketplace. A quantitative descriptive approach was used, involving 204 Shopee consumers who had previously purchased specific products. They were selected using purposive sampling based on Jacob Cohen's calculation guidelines to ensure the sample accurately represented the population. Data were collected through a questionnaire, which was then analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption evaluation, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing using t-tests and F-tests. The regression analysis showed that influencer marketing had a 34.8% influence on purchasing decisions, brand image contributed 32.7%, and e-WOM had an influence of 20.0%. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) showed that these three variables together explained 86.9% of the variation in consumer purchasing decisions. The t- and F-tests confirmed that each variable had a significant and positive influence, both partially and simultaneously, on purchasing decisions on the Shopee marketplace.

This study is motivated by the growing public demand for reliable and high-quality public transportation services such as the Trans Solo Bus on corridor 4. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Facilities, Innovation, and Service Quality on User Interest, both partially and simultaneously. This study employs a quantitative method with a sample of 100 respondents who are users of the Trans Solo Bus on corridor 4. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics through several tests, including validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results revealed that Facilities, Innovation, and Service Quality significantly influence User Interest, either individually or simultaneously. These findings imply that improving facilities, implementing continuous innovation, and ensuring high service quality can increase public interest in using Trans Solo Bus services, thus supporting the development of sustainable urban transportation.

This study aims to examine the factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions for Nacific products in Batam City, with an emphasis on the role of digital marketing, E-WOM, and brand image. The research approach used is descriptive quantitative involving 204 respondents who have purchased Nacific products, selected through purposive sampling techniques based on Jacob Cohen's calculations to ensure the adequacy and representativeness of the sample. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire, then analyzed through a series of statistical procedures including validity and reliability tests, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing using t-tests and F-tests. The findings of the regression analysis revealed that the influence of digital marketing on purchasing decisions was recorded at 21.9%, E-WOM at 27.0%, and brand image at 34.0%. The coefficient of determination value of 0.722 confirms that digital marketing, E-WOM, and brand image simultaneously contribute 72.2% in explaining purchasing decisions. The results of the t-test and F-test indicate that digital marketing, e-WOM, and brand image each have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Brand Image, Product Quality, and Promotion on Purchase Decisions of Crocs sandals in Batam City. The research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 119 respondents who are consumers of Crocs products in Batam City. The data analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination analysis, using SPSS version 26. The results indicate that Brand Image and Product Quality have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions. Meanwhile, Promotion shows a positive but insignificant effect on Purchase Decisions. Simultaneously, Brand Image, Product Quality, and Promotion have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.905 indicates that 90.5% of the variation in Purchase Decisions can be explained by the three independent variables, while the remaining 9.5% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. This research is expected to provide insights for companies in formulating more effective marketing strategies, particularly in strengthening brand image and improving product quality.

The rapid development of social media, particularly Instagram, has transformed consumers’ information-seeking behavior and purchasing decision processes, making information quality in digital catalogs a crucial factor in visual-based marketing. However, studies examining information quality in Instagram-based digital catalogs for highly customized products remain limited. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of digital catalog information and purchasing decisions on the @santflowersbouquet account. A quantitative approach with a survey method was employed, involving 95 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through validity, reliability, and Spearman’s Rank correlation tests. The results indicate that information quality is categorized as high, with accuracy (92.6%) and timeliness (86.3%) as the dominant indicators. Purchasing decisions are also in the high category, with the time of purchase indicator reaching 96.8%. The correlation test shows a positive and significant relationship with a coefficient of 0.621 (p<0.001), indicating a strong association. These findings suggest that improving the quality of digital catalog information significantly contributes to enhancing purchasing decisions. Therefore, businesses are encouraged to optimize information quality as part of their digital marketing communication strategy.

This practice is essentially based on clauses in employment contracts intended to prevent employees from resigning before the contract term expires. However, from a legal perspective, this practice raises challenges regarding the validity of employment contracts and the legal protections afforded to employees. The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of the diploma retention practice through the lens of labor law and civil law, as well as to explore the types of legal protections that may be available to employees. The research methodology employed is a normative legal approach, utilizing a legal and conceptual framework, and supported by a literature review of primary and secondary legal sources. This analysis emphasizes the principles of contract law, labor protection principles, and relevant human rights standards. The research findings indicate that the practice of withholding diplomas lacks a clear legal basis under Indonesian law and potentially violates the criteria for the validity of contracts, particularly regarding the abuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden). Furthermore, this practice can be categorized as an illegal act because it infringes upon workers’ property rights and their freedom to seek employment. Legal protection for workers can be facilitated through preventive strategies, such as strengthening labor regulations and oversight, as well as through enforcement actions, including civil litigation and the resolution of industrial disputes.

This study was conducted to systematically explore the influence of the level of ease of transactions and the quality of e-commerce services on the process of determining consumer purchasing decisions in Batam City. The research framework was built with a descriptive-oriented quantitative approach through the involvement of 100 respondents who actively utilize digital transaction services, which were determined using a purposive sampling technique based on the Lemeshow formulation to ensure the adequacy and representativeness of the sample. Empirical data were collected through a structured questionnaire and then processed using statistical analysis stages that included testing the validity and reliability of the instrument, evaluation of classical assumptions, multiple linear regression modeling, and verification of hypotheses through t-tests and F-tests. The results of data processing revealed that the variable of ease of transactions contributed 18.8% to purchasing decisions, while service quality contributed an influence of 63.5%. The coefficient of determination (R²) reaching 73.3% indicates that both independent variables simultaneously have substantial explanatory power towards variations in consumer purchasing behavior. Both partial and simultaneous testing confirmed a significant influence, thus confirming that simplifying transaction mechanisms and strengthening digital service quality are strategic determinants in driving e-commerce consumer purchasing decisions in Batam City.

The rapid development of digital media has increased the complexity of health information flows and triggered the spread of misinformation, thereby requiring service personnel to be prepared to manage information critically. However, studies specifically examining the relationship between digital media literacy and readiness to handle health hoaxes among non-medical frontliner staff remain limited. This study aims to analyze the relationship between digital media literacy and readiness in handling health-related hoaxes among frontliner staff at RSUD Welas Asih Bandung. A quantitative approach with a survey method was employed, involving 243 respondents selected through a census sampling technique. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through validity, reliability, and Spearman’s Rank correlation tests. The results indicate that digital media literacy is at a high level, with digital safety (85.2%) and digital ethics (82.3%) as dominant indicators. Readiness in handling health hoaxes is also high, with gathering (78.6%) and planning (76.1%) as the highest indicators. The correlation test shows a positive and significant relationship with a coefficient of 0.794 (p<0.001), indicating a strong association. These findings suggest that improving digital media literacy significantly contributes to enhancing readiness in handling health hoaxes. Therefore, strengthening digital literacy is an important strategy to improve communication effectiveness and healthcare service quality.