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This review dissects the ineffectualness of sentences in discourse messages in the Indonesian language book Class VIII of the Merdeka Educational program and in the Indonesian language module Topic 12 Class VI. This research analysis is approached using both theoretical and methodological approaches. The theoretical approach to analyzing effective sentences employs an analytical approach in the field of syntax, whereas the methodological approach employs a qualitative descriptive approach. This study's data were gathered through the use of note-taking and extensive reading as data collection methods. Reading the speech's text carefully and thoroughly is the initial step. Following that was to note any sentences in the speech's text that were deemed to be ineffective. The distribution method and the interactive analysis method were employed in this study's data analysis, which followed all data collection. Informal means of data presentation are used. Data can be presented informally by focusing on decomposition with common words. Tabular data presentation is also utilized for this research. Analysis results showed that sentences in speech text were ineffective due to the incompatibility of effective sentence characteristics like equivalence, parallelism, thriftiness, accuracy, coherence, and logic. The findings of this study enhance the researchers' understanding of the subject under investigation. This research can also be used by the general public to help them write good speech texts with good sentences. Keywords:,,,,.

This study focuses on the analysis of phrases contained in the text of historical stories in class X textbooks of Social Sciences in the independence curriculum. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and data collection techniques used are listening techniques, observation techniques, and note taking techniques. In this analysis, the author analyzes the phrases in four historical narrative texts entitled Mohammad Hatta: "Every action is for the sake of the country you love, don't betray.", Ki Hadjar Dewantara: "It's better to have nothing but be happy than to be wealthy but unhappy.”, History of the Beduk Musical Instrument in Malay Dance Accompaniment Music in Pontianak City, Typhoid Outbreaks in Cirebon during the Dutch East Indies Period. The research results obtained were the discovery of various uses of phrases totaling 35 in these texts. There are 10 noun phrases, 15 verb phrases, 8 prepositional phrases, and 2 adjective phrases.

Financial management is an administrative activity related to budget planning, storing, using, recording and monitoring the entry and exit of money or organizational funds. Inventory analysis is an activity to examine an asset issue that includes goods. Turn over inventory is the ratio between the total cost of goods sold and the average value of inventory owned by the company. in the process of managing finances and inventories, it is still carried out using a recording system in a ledger, so it is less effective. Therefore the author will develop a form of information system by selecting CV. Arris AC as research object. Based on the problems that occur in CV. Arris AC, the authors provide a solution that can overcome weaknesses by creating an Accounting Information System for Financial Management and Inventory Analysis using the inventory turnover ratio method which can be accessed via the web. In other words, this ratio describes how fast inventory rotates. web is an application that contains multimedia documents (text, images, sound, animation, video) in it that uses the HTTP protocol with database support for MySQL, Xampp and Adobe Dreamweaver CS6..   Keywords:Accounting, Financial Management, Inventory Analysis, Ratio, Web

This study aims to analyze the types of sentences in procedure texts in the textbook Basics of Aircraft Engineering Class X SMK/MAK Independent Curriculum. The population of this study is the five procedure texts contained in the presentation of the material for the book Basics of Aircraft Engineering for Class X SMK/MAK Independent Curriculum on pages 45th to 47th and 49th to 50th. The data collection technique used was the reading and note-taking technique, while the study method used the matching method. Data analysis was carried out using a descriptive method and the technique used was the referential equivalent technique. The results of the study include the following sentences. First, types of sentences based on purpose, namely, imperative sentences and declarative sentences. Second, the types of sentences based on the way of presentation, namely, the release sentences and the climax sentences. Based on the analysis that has been done, it was found that the most commonly used types of sentences in the five procedure texts contained in the textbook Basics of Aircraft Engineering SMK/MAK Class X Independent Curriculum are imperative sentences and climax sentences, but other types of sentences are also found in the form of declarative sentences and release sentences.

This article examines the analysis of sentence types in the History Text of Class XI Sociology Books in the Merdeka Curriculum. The content of this study uses narrative text. The purpose of this study is to describe functions, categories, and roles at the syntactic level. sentences in the presentation of sociology book material for class XI SMA/MA contained in Chapter 2 Social Problems Due to Social Grouping pages 41 to 81. This research is a literature study. Therefore, the method used in collecting data is reading and taking notes. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. In qualitative research, data is analyzed inductively, which means that specific things found during the research are grouped and conclusions are drawn from these results. This approach does not use the collected data to prove or disprove the hypotheses that have been made before but rather focuses on describing data to facilitate understanding. The writing method of this research adopts historiography as the main approach. Sentence structure analysis is also used to improve grammar skills and abilities to better understand. Sentence structure analysis itself is a topic that is rarely discussed. To improve the application of linguistic rules in writing historical texts, a good understanding of grammar, a broad vocabulary, and a habit of reading and writing historical texts are required. Therefore by analyzing sentence structures in historical texts in Sociology Class XI books SMA/SMA/ MA Kurikulum Merdeka, this research provides an overview of the variations in the use of sentence structures and the importance of correct grammar in understanding texts. It is hoped that this research can improve understanding of syntax and grammar which will facilitate understanding of sociology and historical texts.

This study analyzes one part of the syntax, i.e. sentences. The method used in this analysis is descriptive qualitative and theoretical syntax. Meanwhile, the study’s data were obtained directly through excerpts of sentences contained in the book “Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan SMA/SMK Kurikulum Merdeka”. The sentence is the largest grammatical unit consisting of a bunch of words, which are arranged by certain rules to explain written language. The main purpose of this research was to find out the types of sentences in the reading text entitled “Tantangan Berpancasila pada Kehidupan Global” which are contained in the book (page 46). Sentences are analyzed in the form of passive sentences, active sentences; transitive sentences, compound sentences; multilevel compound sentences, and single sentences; ekatransitive sentences, adjective sentences. The advantage of this research is that we can find out that the types of sentences that are most often used in this text are compound sentences, while sentences that are rarely found are active and passive

 Purslane plant is an herbal plant that is used as a medicine for skin infections. The author is interested in using the purslane plant as a peel-off mask to relieve acne nodules. The aim is to find out how to manufacture, sensory test results, public test results, and determine the effect of the purslane peel-off mask. This research was conducted with the methods of observation, experimentation, documentation, interviews, questionnaires, literature. The analysis used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The manufacture of purslane powder starts from the preparation of tools, materials, cleaning, drying, and refining. The manufacture of peel-off masks begins with the preparation of tools, materials, weighing, mixing, heating, and packaging. The feasibility of the product is tested based on color, aroma, texture, adhesion, product appearance. Product improvement is the addition of essence to the peel-off mask. In conclusion, according to the validator, the purslane plant powder is suitable for use in making peel-off masks and the results of the purslane peel-off mask facial treatment can relieve acne nodules. Suggestions for further researchers to change purslane plant powder into oil extract to maintain its content, BPOM test, and laboratory tests.

Balinese cotton knitting yarn is the main material in making knitting applications on ready to wear. The author applies knitting applications including techniques, materials, color harmony, and design. The goal is to find out how to apply the knitting technique using balinese cotton knitting yarn on ready to wear. The research method used is R&D which contains potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, product revision, usage trial, and product revision, and descriptive data analysis. The manufacturing stages start from the design, tools and materials, tailoring, to the finishing process. The application of knitting on this ready to wear uses a hand sewing technique that is done before the sewing process, in order to get a neat result. The author also pays attention in the selection of the color of the base material that matches the knitting thread. The application of knitting applications must consider the texture of the yarn with the base material to be used, so that when applied in ready to wear it looks neat and does not seem heavy.

Reading is a cognitive activity or process that aims to find various information contained in written information. This means that reading is a thought process to understand the contents of the text read. Evaluation of learning to read is a series of activities or steps taken after the completion of the main activities to obtain information about the results of learning to read, then manage and interpret them using benchmarks and goals and certain criteria. This type of research is library research, namely research conducted by analyzing and making written literature scientific journals as well as the main source. So the evaluation of learning to read is the process of determining students’ understanding, acceptance, categorization, analysis and reasoning abilities, as well as the accuracy of students’ pronunciation and intonation when taking reading tests in the target language. The purpose of learning to read is so that students can understand and use language in practice, it is not enough to measure it with mere mechanical abilities. The assessment of reading ability must be seen from the general reading ability as a whole, so that when assessing skills other than mechanical skills, it is also necessary to measure reading ability, for example understanding the content or meaning of sentences. The purpose of this study is to find out how the effort to implement the evaluation of students’ reading learning.

This research is to find out the difficulties faced by students in preparing research proposals for Indonesian language and literature education. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with research subjects being students of the Indonesian language and literature education study program. Data collection methods in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique follows the Miles and Huberman model which includes data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that many have difficulty defining problems in writing research proposals and formulating the benefits of a research. In some cases the activity proposal text is rejected because the content and objectives in the text are unclear and unconvincing (could be due to structure or written language) which seems not optimal) so that the authorities hesitate to accept it. Student difficulties as illustrated by the results of the questionnaire indicate that students still need to be given more information.

In this study, the data that will be used as research objects are Regular Indonesian Language Education Students E 2020. This study aims to find out Indonesian language errors in WhatsApp group conversations for regular students E 2020. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection technique comes from screenshots of text from the WhatsApp group application for Indonesian Language and Literature Education Regular E 2020. The research method contains an explanation of the methods used by researchers in conducting research. In this section the researcher explains the scientific procedures carried out by the researcher to produce a conclusion. The method contains research approaches and methods, data sources/populations and samples, methods for selecting samples/determining data sources, instruments, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques. This section contains a description of the procedure and research steps according to the topic being studied. The results of this study are that there are many mistakes made by students in communicating in groups such as using incorrect spelling, using non-standard words and using forgotten punctuation marks.

This study aims to improve the reading ability of first grade students at SD Inpres Cambaya 1 through word-composing game techniques in learning Indonesian. This type of research is class action research (Class Action Research) which consists of two cycles where each cycle is carried out in 3 meetings. The research procedure consists of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects in this study were 28 class I students of SD Inpres Cambaya I, Makassar City. The research instruments used were observation sheets (students and teachers), interview text sheets, evaluation test sheets. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews, evaluation and documentation. The collected data were then analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis.The results showed that in the first cycle students' reading ability increased by 53% or 15 students out of 28 students who met the minimum completeness criteria (KKM). Meanwhile, in cycle II students' reading ability increased by 82% or 23 students out of 28 students who met the completeness criteria (KKM). Thus the results of the study can be concluded that, using the word-composing game technique can improve the reading ability of class I SD Inpres Cambaya I Makassar City in learning Indonesian.

The post-reform era became public and government awareness of ethnic Chinese. This is evidenced by President Abdurrahman Wahid's decree to relax ethnic Chinese activities. Because in the Old Order, there was a government policy that was anti-Chinese sentiment. There is even a ban on foreigners to trade in Indonesia, as well as ethnic Chinese who become looting and mob rage, victims of sexual violence and so on. Through this Soe Hok Gie film, it depicts the participation of ethnic Chinese in solving the problem of government authoritarianism and saving Indonesia from the economic crisis. In this studyThis type of research uses library research, with a communication approach that uses media text analysis. The data collection technique in this study uses the semiotic analysis research method of Charles Sanders Peirce. The method uses Sign, Object and Interpretant to explain the content of a film.From the film Soe Hok Gie, this research has found themeaning of Sign, Object and Interpretant of ethnic Chinese political participation in the film Soe Hok Gie based on Charles Sander Peirce's semiotic theory. Finding an analysis of Sign, Object and Interpretant of ethnic Chinese political participation in political developments in Indonesia in the film Soe Hok Gie

A grammatical arrangement has smaller constituents, namely sentences. This study aims to describe the types of sentences based on the number of clauses, modes, passive sentences, direct sentences, and negative sentences contained in the biographical text in the learning book entitled "Cerdas Cergas Berbahasa dan Bersastra Indonesia untuk SMA/SMK Kelas X Kurikulum Merdeka," which is made by Aulia & Gumilar. This article can increase knowledge about the types of sentences in the study of syntax and their application in biographical texts. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with a type of descriptive research. The object of the data study is in the form of sentences in four biographical texts in predetermined learning books. Data collection was carried out by determining the biographical text contained in the teaching material. Data analysis was carried out by reading each sentence in the text, analyzing the building blocks of the text, and classifying the sentences based on the types of sentences. This study uses note-taking techniques. The note-taking technique is to record the results of data analysis from sources that have been identified. The results obtained from this study show that broad sentences are more dominant than simple sentences in the types of sentences classified based on the number of clauses. Then, based on the types of sentences based on the mode, it was found that all the biographical texts contained in the learning book used declarative sentences. There were 41 types of passive sentences found in the four biographical texts analyzed. Indirect sentences totaled 3 sentences, and we found 6 negative sentences from 4 biographical texts. Based on the analysis conducted, it was found that one biographical text did not contain negative sentences and one text did not contain indirect speech.

The main discussion in this research article is the analysis of phrases that have a function in observing the use of the types of phrases contained in the essay text entitled "Dusta yang Jujur" and "Godaan". There is also a purpose in conducting this research, namely to inform, classify, and describe the types of phrases in the essays listed in Giyato's Dusta yang Jujur and Goenawan Mohamad's Godaan. The type of research in this article is a type of descriptive qualitative research. Data collection methods and techniques applied in this study are the observing methods and the note-taking technique. Data collection refers to the essay text in the Class XII book of the Merdeka Curriculum. The objects of research in this article are the essay entitled Dusta yang Jujur by Giyato which has 3 pages and the text of the essay entitled Godaan by Goenawan Mohamad in the Indonesian language book Class XII of the Merdeka Curriculum. With this research on phrases, it is hoped that readers will be able to find out the types of phrases contained in the essay text entitled Dusta yang Jujur by Giyato which has 3 pages, and the text of the essay entitled Godaan by Goenawan Mohamad in the Indonesian language book class XII of the Merdeka Curriculum.

The aim of this study is to find out the ability to analyze the implied meaning of the text structure of the saga "The Miskin" Muhammadiyah Makassar SMA students. The type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative research. This research was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Unismuh Makassar. This research took the number of subjects as many as 27 students from class X IPA. Selected by using purposive sampling. The results of the analysis are based on the Ability to Analyze Implied Meanings in the Text Structure of the Hikayat "The Miskin" Class X SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Unismuh Makassar. The research results showed that only 11 students achieved the KKM standard with a percentage of 40.74% and students who scored below the KKM still had 16 students with a percentage of 50.26% which was still very low. it is known that the average score in the abstraction analysis is 16.81, the orientation analysis is 15.51, the complication analysis is 14.92, the evaluation analysis is 9.88, the resolution analysis is 9.74, the coda analysis is 8, and the overall average in the assessment and final score 74,66. So the ability to analyze the implied meaning of the text structure is still very low.

This research analyzed one of the syntactic fields of study, namely phrases in argumentation texts in class XI textbooks of the Kurikulum Merdeka. Two data will be studied in argumentation texts entitled "Ketahanan Pangan Lokal” and “Ketahanan Pangan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19". In this study, the researchers limit the analysis of phrase type studies, namely based on word categories in the form of verb and noun phrases. The purpose of this research is to know in depth the research data along with an explanation of the types of phrases based on word categories, namely verb phrases and noun phrases found. In addition, this research is also expected to be valuable as a learning medium, especially in one of the fields of syntactic units, namely about phrases. The research method used a qualitative descriptive methodological approach and theoretical syntax with reading, listening, and recording techniques. In the analysis, it was found that verb phrases based on their position and location were divided into two, namely Coordinative Verb Phrases (FVK) and Subordinative Verb Phrases (FVS). Meanwhile, noun phrases based on their position and location are also divided into two, namely Coordinative Noun Phrases (FNK) and Subordinative Noun Phrases (FNS). To facilitate the analysis and understanding of the reader, the phrase data is presented in the form of a table accompanied by an explanation. This research is important to analyze the phrases in the argumentation text contained in the independent curriculum textbook, this is because the independent curriculum is the latest educational learning system in Indonesia.

This research was conducted to analyze the phrases in the procedural text in the Indonesian book Moving Together Class V SD Kurikulum Merdeka. This study focuses on analyzing phrases based on categories or word classes used in procedure texts. The purpose of this research analysis is to examine the use of adverb phrases, numerals, adjectives, nouns, and verbs in the Indonesian book Moving Together Class V SD Merdeka Curriculum. This study uses a methodological approach in the form of a qualitative descriptive approach and a theoretical approach in the form of a syntactic approach. The data in this study were taken from fragments of phrases in procedural texts in the Indonesian book Moving Together Class V SD Kurikulum Merdeka. The results of this study are that there are 9 noun phrases or nouns, 8 adverb phrases or adverbs, 2 verb or verb phrases, 2 adjective phrases or adjectives, and 1 numeral phrase or number word. The benefit of this research is to find out the types of phrases in the procedural text in the book Indonesian Moving Together for class V at the Merdeka Curriculum Elementary School as well as provide initial knowledge about phrases to fifth-grade elementary school students as an introductory knowledge to continue to the next level of education.

Phrases can start with a preposition or a verb and also can just be the subject.  Phrases are in a syntactic function which is formed from a combination of words.  Often found in the text in a sentence, for example, is one of which is in the Book-Based Play and Learning Guide for Early Childhood Teachers.  This study discusses the analysis of the use of phrases in the textbook.  The aim is to find out the relevance of the sentence study of the types of phrases contained in book-based play and study guides for early childhood teachers.  This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection method uses observation techniques and examines how the language is applied, and the note-taking method is also used to record the structure being analyzed.  This study found that there are 3 verb phrases, 3 adjektiva phrases, 3 numeral phrases, 3 noun phrases, 3 exocentric phrases, and 3 endocentric phrases.  One of the benefits of this research is that we understand more about the types of phrases in each sentence.

This study describes the analysis of the controversy over the meaning of nasikh and mansukh in the verses of the Qur'an according to the scholars and the analysis of the meaning of Surah Al-Imran verse: 93 according to two interpretations, Tafsir Jalalain and Tafsir Ibnu Katsir as a comparison. The type of research method used in this research is literature research or literature review to collect relevant information about the meaning of nasikh wal mansukh. The results of the research show that (1) In essence there is no disagreement among the scholars about the possibility of making changes to the law, they intend and agree that changes to the law are produced by their own ijtihad or changes made by Allah for those who argues that there are texts in the Koran, (2) From the two Tafsirs used as references in this study that Surah Al-Imran: 93, that some types of food that were forbidden to the Children of Israel were not forbidden to followers of the Shari'a of the Prophet Abraham and other prophets before the Torah lowered. This is also stated in the Torah, their own book.