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This research aims to develop liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from goat livestock waste and paitan (Tithonia diversifolia) conducted in Makale, Tana Toraja Regency, from March to June 2025. This study aims to determine the response of cucumber plants to the application of LOF derived from the combination of goat livestock waste and paitan plants. Goat livestock waste contains macro nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), while paitan plants are green organic materials rich in nutrients and easily decomposed. The combination of both is expected to naturally improve soil fertility and optimally support the growth and yield of cucumber plants. The research method uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four different LOF concentration treatments and five replications. Parameters observed include plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of fruits, and fruit weight per plant. The LOF production process is carried out through fermentation for 21 days with a ratio of goat livestock waste and paitan of 3:1, and the addition of EM4 as a microorganism activator. This research also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LOF application on growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves) and yield (number and weight of fruits) of cucumber plants, and compare it with treatments without LOF or with inorganic fertilizers. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for local farmers in developing organic fertilizers based on local resources that are environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable to increase agricultural productivity in the Tana Toraja region.

Indonesian National Arts are different from other countries. One of them is textile craft art, which includes batik craft art, which was recognized by UNESCO as an original Indonesian cultural heritage on October 2, 2009. Batik is the art of drawing on clot . Hand-drawn batik is batik that is produced using a canting tulis which is used as a tool in placing wax liquid on the cloth. To create this work, the author uses the creation method from Sp. Gustami which consists of 3 stages, namely: Exploration, Design, and Realization. The results of the creation of this hand-drawn batik work produced 12 batik works in the form of two-dimensional works of various sizes. The types produced from this work are: Hijab, Long Cloth and Wall Decorations. Batik works have aesthetic value (beauty) namely the combination of Torch Ginger Plants. Torch Ginger Plants are used as the main motif in this batik work and other motifs are isen-isen. The process of creating written batik works that begins with the initial steps of making motifs on paper, transferring patterns from paper to cloth, the canting process, coloring batik, locking colors, and ngelorod batik. The process of creating written batik works that begins with the initial steps of making motifs on paper, transferring patterns from paper to cloth, the canting process, coloring batik, locking colors, and ngelorod batik.

Malaria remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in endemic areas such as Keerom Regency, Papua. Efforts to control this disease face challenges due to Plasmodium resistance to synthetic drugs, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternative treatments. This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite content of several local plants traditionally used as antimalarial remedies. An experimental laboratory study was conducted using phytochemical screening methods. The plants examined included turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa), meniran leaves (Phyllanthus niruri), papaya leaves (Carica papaya), sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), and brotowali (Tinospora crispa). Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The results showed that all samples contained secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which are known for their antiplasmodial activity. Extract yields ranged from 18% to 24%, with turmeric rhizome showing the highest yield. These findings suggest that local plants from Keerom Regency hold potential as raw materials for the development of herbal antimalarial drugs. This study serves as a preliminary step for further in vitro and in vivo bioactivity testing.

TOGA (Tanaman Obat Keluarga) adalah tanaman yang ditanam di sekitar tempat tinggal oleh keluarga karena memiliki manfaat sebagai obat. Tanaman ini juga sering disebut sebagai apotek hidup. Beberapa jenis TOGA yang umum dibudidayakan meliputi empon-empon, rempah-rempah, belimbing, delima, kangkung, dan daun pepaya. Budidaya TOGA dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga, terutama dalam aspek pangan. Namun, masih banyak masyarakat yang belum menyadari pentingnya tanaman ini bagi kehidupan mereka. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya peningkatan kesadaran melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan budidaya TOGA. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memperluas pemahaman serta meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengelola tanaman obat keluarga. Program ini dilaksanakan di Desa Wonodadi, Kabupaten Blitar, dengan pendekatan berupa ceramah dan demonstrasi.

Daun meniran dan daun kenikir adalah tanaman herbal yang bermanfaat dalam menyembuhkan luka sayat. Manfaat tersebut didukung senyawa yang terkandung didalam daun meniran dan daun kenikir yaitu saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, steroid, terpenoid. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat kecepatan proses penyembuhan luka sayatan dengan menggunakan gel kombinasi ekstrak daun meniran dan daun kenikir. Hewan percobaan yang digunakan berupa tikus putih jantan, berjumlah 25 ekor dengan masing-masing kelompok perlakuan berjumlah 5 ekor yaitu kelompok kontrol positif (Bioplacenton®), kontrol negatif (basis), dan kelompok perlakuan variasi kombinasi ekstrak daun meniran : daun kenikir (10%:15%,15% :10%,20%:5%). Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari, kemudian data yang didapatkan diolah dengan One Way Anova dan post hock test tukey. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian menunjukkan formula yang mampu memberikan kesembuhan luka paling cepat adalah formula 1 dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun meniran : daun kenikir 10%:15%, yaitu pada hari ke 4.

As an agricultural country, farmers in Indonesia have a crucial role, their existence must be safeguarded within the agricultural sector. Encouraging farmers to engage in breeding or develop new superior plant varieties is essential for fostering independent and advanced Indonesian farmers. These breeding activities are governed by Law Number 22 of 2019 on Sustainable Agricultural Cultivation System, and Law Number 29 of 2000 Plant Variety Protection. However, these laws have led to challenges for farmers involved in breeding, as the Plant Variety Protection Law adopts liberal approach that prioritizes individual economic benefits and specifically protects breeders who have registered their new varieties. As a result, farmers who use traditional knowledge in their breeding practices are vulnerable to criminalization due to the registration system. This paper will examine the rights of farmers in breeding activities under Indonesian law and compare with regulations in Malaysia, which shares geographical proximity, customs, and membership in the World Trade Organization. The research method is normative legal research, utilizing both conceptual and comparative approach. The objective to explore the legal protection of farmers’ rights in breeding activities in both Indonesia and Malaysia, and provide recommendations for improving the protection of farmers' rights in the future.

The pH value parameter in the mineral acid water of a coal mining company in South Sumatra is below the set environmental quality standards. The results of measuring the pH value using a pH meter at the inlet are 4.9 which is still below the environmental quality standard of 6-9. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to manage the environment before water is discharged into water bodies, one of which is by utilizing kiambang plants as phytoremediation agents in neutralizing mine acid water. This study aims to analyze changes in mine acid water quality and analyze the effectiveness of mine acid water neutralization. The initial quality of mine acid water for pH parameters was 4.9 TDS of 376 mg/l, Fe of <0.1 mg/l, and Mn of 3 mg/l. After the phytoremediation process, the water quality change for pH parameters was 6.6 and Mn was 0.05 mg/l. The neutrality effectiveness of mine acid water increased the pH by 34.69% and the effectiveness of reducing Mn levels by 98.33%. This kiambang plant can be a recommendation for phytoremediation agents for companies considering its availability around the company

The Covid19 pandemic had a major impact on the weakening of Indonesia's economic sector, including Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The MSME sector is one of the sectors that makes a major contribution to the national economy so it needs to rise during the current Covid19 pandemic. Jambewangi Village is a village located in Sempu District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province. The area of Jambewangi Village is 1,422 Ha / m2 divided into six hamlets including Krajan Hamlet, Panjen Hamlet, Parastembok Hamlet, Sumberjo Hamlet, Tlogosari Hamlet, and Sidomulyo Hamlet. In Jambewangi Village, it has an interesting landscape, such as a homogeneous forest in the form of pines, the confluence of tributaries with branches, a large expanse of rice fields, as well as fields and plantations. The area of Jambewangi Village is at an altitude of 340-800 masl so it has cool air and is good for growing various kinds of fruits and vegetables.

This study aims to determine the effect of coconut pulp and seawater compost on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L). This type of research uses a quantitative method. Based on the results of the study, the treatment of coconut pulp and seawater compost on the most optimal plant height is the treatment on the 28th day because there is the greatest potential difference in treatment compared to other days and the treatment of coconut pulp and seawater compost on the optimal number of leaves is the treatment on the 42nd day, especially in treatment 5 which produces the highest number of leaves.

The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia in 2020 is 31.7% of the population aged 18 years and over. Around 80% of people with hypertension are classified as essential hypertension. Blood pressure in hypertensive sufferers can be lowered pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Pharmacological reduction can be done by taking drugs recommended to lower blood pressure. Non-pharmacologically, you can reduce blood pressure by modifying your lifestyle and consuming medicinal plants. Medicinal plants can be used as alternative medicines for the prevention and control of hypertension which do not have side effects, are cheap and easy to obtain because they can be cultivated yourself. The aim of this community service is to provide education about the benefits of medicinal plants for first aid for minor health problems through traditional medicine which has the potential to treat and prevent hypertension. The service method carried out consists of two stages, namely counseling and planting traditional medicinal plants. This activity was attended by 20 participants. From the results of the evaluation and discussion, participants enthusiastically asked about herbs around their homes and people were willing to plant herbs in their yards.

This study aims to analyze the cultivation process and marketing management strategies of ornamental plants applied by Ganda Nursery as one of the MSMEs in the horticulture sector. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that Ganda Nursery has succeeded in implementing sustainable ornamental plant cultivation techniques, including through the selection of superior seeds, the use of organic planting media, and pest control based on botanical pesticides. From a management aspect, Ganda Nursery utilizes digital marketing strategies through social media such as Instagram and WhatsApp to expand market reach and increase sales. This success cannot be separated from the application of sustainability principles and Islamic values ​​that emphasize the importance of managing natural resources wisely and responsibly. The obstacles faced include fluctuations in market demand, business competition, and limited resources, but are overcome by product innovation and improving service quality. This study is expected to be a reference for other MSMEs in developing sustainable and highly competitive ornamental plant businesses.

This study aims to analyze the level of attack by Macaca hecki on cultivated plants in Makarti Jaya Village, Pohuwato, Gorontalo. Agriculture is the main source of income for the local community, but the presence of Macaca hecki can threaten agricultural yields. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through direct observation and interviews with farmers experiencing the attacks. The results indicate that corn (Zea mays) is the most consumed plant by Macaca hecki, followed by cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and several other types of fruit such as bananas and papayas. The high consumption rates of these cultivated plants negatively impact agricultural results, causing significant economic losses for farmers. Therefore, it is important to understand the attack patterns and the factors influencing the behavior of Macaca hecki. This research recommends the need for more effective protection strategies, such as the placement of physical barriers and diversification of plant types. Thus, it is hoped that this study can contribute to the management of conflicts between wildlife and agriculture, as well as enhance the economic sustainability of farming communities.

Pemupukan merupakan kegiatan penting dalam budidaya pertanian yang memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman melalui penyediaan unsur hara yang diperlukan.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas pupuk majemuk tinggi kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman wortel serta efektivitas agronominya.  Perlakuan disusun dalam 7 taraf pemupukan yaitu : tanpa pupuk (P0), pemupukan standar pembanding (P1), 0.5 dosis pupuk majemuk tinggi kalium (P2), 0.75 dosis pupuk majemuk tinggi kalium (P3), 1 dosis pupuk majemuk tinggi kalium (P4), 1.25 dosis pupuk majemuk tinggi kalium (P5), 1.5 dosis pupuk majemuk tinggi kalium (P6). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 1.0 dosis pupuk majemuk tinggi kaliummenghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun), komponen hasil dan hasil tanaman wortel (panjang umbi, diameter umbi, hasil/tanaman, hasil/petak, dan hasil/ha) tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya dan nyata lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol.  Pupuk  majemuk tinggi kalium lulus uji efektivitas lapangan. Dosis yang direkomendasikan untuk tanaman wortel adalah 187 kg/ha yang  diaplikasikan 2 kali, 50% dosis pada 1 minggu setelah tanam (MST) dan sisanya diaplikasikan pada 4 MST.

Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

One of the common pests found in oil palm is the nettle caterpillar (Setothosea asigna), which can consume between 300 to 500 cm² of leaves per individual. A single oil palm tree may host between 5 to 10 of these caterpillars. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fogging in controlling Setothosea asigna infestations on oil palm trees of varying heights at PT Socfindo, Matapao Estate, North Sumatra. The research was conducted in two plantation blocks with different tree heights: block 49 with trees ranging from 9–12 meters and block 46 with trees ranging from 3–6 meters. Data collection involved an initial census to count caterpillars before fogging, followed by a post-fogging census to observe mortality rates. Data were analyzed using a t-test to compare the effectiveness of fogging between tall and short trees. The results showed that fogging was more effective on shorter trees, with an average mortality rate of 94%, compared to 90% on taller trees.

Fertilization is one of the important activities in plant cultivation because it plays a role in increasing productivity by maintaining soil fertility. This experiment aimed to test the effectiveness of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) on the growth and production of cabbage plants and its agronomic effectiveness. The experimental design used was a randomized block design. The treatments tested: without application of the tested fertilizer (P0), application of inorganic fertilizer comparison (2 kg/ha/application) (P1), and 5 levels of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) tested, namely: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kg/ha/application. The recommended doses of urea, SP-36, and KCl fertilizers were  200, 100, and 100 kg/ha, respectively. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) can increase the growth of cabbage plants as indicated by the variables of plant height and number of cabbage leaves compared to the control treatment. In addition, the application of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) increased the yield components of cabbage plants compared to the control treatment. The treatment of 0.75 doses of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) was agronomically effective because it produced the highest relative agronomic effectiveness value of 145%, which means it can increase yields by 1.45 times. The recommended dose for cabbage plants is 1.5 kg/ha/application of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) applied 5 times at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 WAP.

Photosynthesis is a vital process for plants in converting light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Light intensity is one of the main factors influencing the efficiency of this process. This study aims to determine the effect of different light intensities on the photosynthesis rate and growth of spinach plants (Amaranthus sp.), which is a C4 plant species.The method used was a quantitative experiment with three light intensity treatments: low (0–10 lux), medium (10–20 lux), and high (>20 lux), each replicated three times over six weeks. Observed parameters included plant height, number and length of leaves, as well as the photosynthesis rate measured using the IRGA method.The results showed that light intensity significantly affected the growth and photosynthesis rate of spinach plants. The high light treatment produced the most optimal growth, with an average plant height of 4.92 ± 0.4 cm and the highest photosynthetic activity. Conversely, the low light treatment caused symptoms of etiolation, reduced vitality, and faster plant death, averaging by the third week.In conclusion, increasing light intensity significantly enhances photosynthesis efficiency and growth in spinach plants. These results can serve as a basis for regulating light intensity in cultivation systems, both conventional and hydroponic.  

This study aims to determine the effect of sunlight on the growth of mung bean plants (Vigna radiata) with cotton as the planting medium. The study was conducted using an experimental method, namely comparing the growth of mung bean plants that were exposed to direct sunlight with plants that were placed in the shade. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, and germination rate during a certain period. The results showed that mung bean plants that received sunlight grew faster and had more leaves than plants that did not receive direct light. This shows that sunlight plays an important role in the photosynthesis process that supports plant growth. Thus, it can be concluded that sunlight has a significant effect on the growth of mung bean plants, even though using simple cotton as the planting medium.

Adoption of melon (Cucumis Melo L.) cultivation innovation plays an important role in increasing productivity and efficiency. This study discusses the application of innovation adoption in melon plants with greenhouse technology, hydroponics, modern irrigation technology, post-harvest processing mechanisms for breeding. This literature review uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to compare National Journals and International Journals that are relevant to Innovation Adoption. The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) allows automatic monitoring of environmental conditions. Technology in melon cultivation has a significant impact on agricultural productivity and efficiency. In the hydroponic system of soilless cultivation in limited land conditions, each innovation has challenges in its implementation, such as high investment costs, the need for training for farmers, and limited access to certain technologies