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Understanding literacy and linguistics in Indonesia, especially through novel reading, plays an important role in honing students' cognitive skills, such as critical and creative thinking. Syntax as part of linguistic studies, helps students understand language structures that support effective communication and deeper literary appreciation. This study aims to understand the structure and function of active and passive sentences in Indonesian focusing on the types of active and passive sentences and the role of sentence elements in shaping meaning. This study uses methodological and theoretical approaches with qualitative and syntactic descriptive methods to analyze the pattern of sentence function in the novel "9 of Nadira" by Leila S. Chudori. The research process involves data collection, classification, analysis, and presentation of data with listen, record, and bill techniques. The results showed that the sentence function pattern in the novel "9 of Nadira" by Leila S. Chudori uses different sentence patterns in each active and passive voice. Transitive and bitransitive active sentences have additional objects and complements, while intransitive sentences do not, and only sentences with objects can be changed to passive by undergoing changes in their predicates. This research has the benefit of providing a deeper understanding of the structure and function of active and passive sentences in Indonesian.  

This research is motivated by the quality of content and compound sentences. A compound sentence is a sentence that has two or more subordinate clauses connected by a conjunction. Compound sentences with several types will expand the scope of analysis in this research. These types include equivalent compounds, multilevel compounds, dense compounds, expanded compounds, and mixed compounds. However, our team's analysis was limited to three compound sentences, namely equivalent compound sentences (coordinative compound sentences), graded compound sentences (subordinating compound sentences), and mixed compound sentences. This research aims to evaluate the quality of the short story content in the short story anthology book entitled “Rinduku Sederas Hujan Sore Itu” and to expand the intellectual level of readers and writers. Researchers use qualitative research techniques which are classified as a type of qualitative descriptive research, namely trying to build existing facts to present information as it is. Through the results of the research, it was found: (1) the short stories in the short story collection “Rinduku Sederas Hujan Sore Itu” have different qualities, some are easy to understand, some are difficult to understand, (2) equivalent compound sentences are found more often, and (3) compound sentences in short story collections often appear in compound sentences with two clauses. It is hoped that this research can better help readers understand heavy texts and how to classify heavy texts in the short story anthology “Rinduku Sederas Hujan Sore Itu”.

News is a text that has an important role in disseminating information. News text is so useful that it has become a literacy material for students due to the development of advanced technology. Although it has become one of the sources of student literacy, online news texts are still classified as having syntactic errors such as a lack of understanding of the language used in compiling a sentence in the news. The purpose of this study is to describe sentence errors in the news contained in the old CNN Indonesia news, such as "December Sky Phenomena: Geminid Meteor Shower to Solstice", "Mandalika Circuit's Important Role in Bringing Indonesian Drivers to Success in Asia", "Solar Storms Raining on Earth, RI Safe?", "The First Candidate Debate will be Held at the KPU Office on December 12", and "When HIV Tests Become a Scary Scourge Because of People's Scorn". This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study found several findings such as effective sentences, ineffective sentences, spelling errors according to EYD, errors in the use of diction, and sentences that are not clear to the reader. The most common error found in the five news articles is ineffective sentences. The benefit of this research is to provide knowledge insights in the form of understanding sentence writing systematically, which will be useful in improving understanding of authorship in news texts and preventing errors from occurring again in the same news so that it is worthy of being a literacy material for 12th grade high school students.

The existence of online news in the midst of students can be considered as a source of easy information acquisition. Not only as information acquisition but also as a chapter of material used as learning material for grade XI high school students. The selection of news texts for students should be considered as a source of reading. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of sentence function patterns in CNN online news texts as a reading source for grade XI high school students. This research article uses a theoretical approach, namely a syntactic approach by analyzing the types and forms of sentence patterns. As for this research, the qualitative descriptive method is used to analyze related data. The researcher performs listening and recording techniques on CNN online news text to understand the content contained in the news text, then the researcher records the analysis of single sentence patterns and compound sentences contained in the news text using the agih method. From the data analysis that has been done, it was found that there are 49 single sentences and 33 compound sentences in CNN news whose sentence function patterns are simple and easy to understand for reading sources for high school grade XI students. The results of the analysis in this article are expected to add a deeper understanding and knowledge about the types and patterns of sentence functions and their feasibility to be used as a reading resource for students of grade XI SMA. Sentence patterns and their usage as well as knowledge about their types can be used as a reading resource for students.

Language is an efficient way to express ideas, emotions, and feelings to communicate a concept through verbal and non-verbal means. Comprehensive learning of language skills is intended to promote emotional, social, and intellectual development, and is useful for filtering important information. The purpose of this study is to determine the location of language errors from the module used, namely in the Indonesian teaching module by Foy Ario, M.Pd, as the feasibility of teaching materials for critical reading for class XII students, so that it can be used as a revision in the future to obtain a quality module, both in terms of the information conveyed and the language used. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach as well as a syntactic theoretical approach and analyzes data through data collection, data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion drawing. The results obtained show that the writing of editorial text contained in the Indonesian language teaching module Class XII SMA by Foy Ario is found to use diction that is not by the rules. This is based on standardized word errors, conjunction errors, punctuation errors, word beheading errors, and errors in the accuracy of word usage and effective sentences. The research can be useful as a reference for understanding language identification in scientific papers.

The branch of grammar that studies sentence structure is syntax. Sentences consisting of subject (S), predicate (P), object (O), complement (Pel), and adverb (K) are structural types of syntax. The pattern of sentence function in each collection of short stories is different. The language in a short story usually contains various sentences such as description sentences, dialog sentences, and narrative sentences. A good sentence is a sentence that can express a complete thought or can reveal complete information. The purpose of this research is not only to analyze the sentence function pattern but also to discuss the ineffectiveness of the sentence in relation to the reading resources of grade XI SMA. There are two types of approaches in this research, namely descriptive qualitative methodological approach and syntactic theoretical approach. The method used in this research is the simak catat and padan method. The presentation methods used are formal and informal. The results of this study found 9 patterns of sentence functions, namely, SPPel, SPO, SP, SPK, SPOK, SPOPel, SPOPelK, SPPelK, and SPPelO. Although syntactic functions are not always filled in every sentence, at least the Subject and Predicate must be present because they are interrelated. In this study, ineffectiveness has also been found due to double subjects, use of conjunctions, ambiguity, use of synonyms, and waste of words. This makes the reader have difficulty in understanding the sentence. The benefit of this research is that it can find out the use of sentence function patterns in short stories including the relationship between elements such as subjects, predicates, objects, and clauses. So that it can produce a good and correct sentence structure. In addition, this research also presents the results of an overview of the variations in sentence structure and the importance of using good and correct grammar in its use to understand a text.

This research analyzes the effectiveness of sentences in syntax in the January 2024 edition of Antaranews.com online news text as a reference source for XII grade high school students. This research aims To assess the efficacy of sentences in five articles published in online news, namely Antaranews.com, which is reviewed from the sentence structure, cohesion and coherence as well as the appropriateness of language styles. The methodological approach and theoretical approach are applied as approaches to the analysis of this research. The methodological approach uses a qualitative descriptive method, and the theoretical approach in Examining the efficacy of writing uses analytical methods in the field of syntax. In this analysis, the qualitative descriptive method is used, which is focused on the problem based on facts conducted by observation and studying existing documents and articles. The results of the analysis contained in 5 Antaranews.com news texts include 28 ineffective sentence structures, 23 ineffective cohesion and coherence, and also 11 stylistic discrepancies. This resulted in 62 ineffective sentences. This research is expected to contribute to the knowledge and insight of researchers about sentence analysis conducted in the context of online news texts. The most errors in the use of effective sentences are in sentence structure. Therefore, improvement efforts are needed to minimize and overcome sentence usage errors, to create good language in written communication. The practical implication of this research is the importance of a good understanding of sentence syntax in the context of language learning, especially for XII-grade high school students who need a deep understanding of building effective and clear news texts.

Understanding sentence function patterns plays a major role in reading a novel, especially in class XII. By studying the understanding of sentence function patterns, class XII students can understand the important role of sentence function patterns in a novel. This research aims to be an informative and interesting learning resource for class XII students to use novels as enrichment material and improve their language skills. This research considers the function patterns of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye and the feasibility of sentence readability as enrichment material for class XII students. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. Qualitative descriptive methods do not rely on evidence-based systematic logic, numerical principles, or statistical methods. This research helps determine the function patterns of sentences through the functions, categories, and roles of sentences in the novel, as well as the data and data sources in this research in the form of collections of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. The data analysis technique used in this research uses the AGH method. The results of this research found sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. There are two S-P sentence patterns; there are three S-P-O sentence patterns; there are three S-P-Pel sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-Pel sentence patterns; there are three S-P-K sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-K sentence patterns; there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns; and there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns. Analysis of sentences based on function found the following sentence function patterns: S, P, O, and K. Analysis of sentences based on categories found in sentences is as follows: Function S is in the noun category. Function P is categorized as an adjective or verb. Function O is in the noun category. Ket functions are categorized as verbs, adjectives, and verb phrases. The analysis of sentences based on the roles found in the sentences is as follows: S's function is to act as an actor. Function P acts as a command or action. Function O acts as a sufferer. The functions of information are time, nature, and circumstances. Apart from that, the sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye are suitable as enrichment material for class not good, accuracy in finding sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in finding sentence function patterns, accuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, effectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels, and ineffectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels. The results of this research can provide knowledge and insight into an understanding of In this research, understanding sentence function patterns for class XII students is very important to ensure that the teaching materials presented can be understood and applied by the class.

Understanding sentence function patterns plays a major role in reading a novel, especially in class XII. By studying the understanding of sentence function patterns, class XII students can understand the important role of sentence function patterns in a novel. This research aims to be an informative and interesting learning resource for class XII students to use novels as enrichment material and improve their language skills. This research considers the function patterns of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye and the feasibility of sentence readability as enrichment material for class XII students. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. Qualitative descriptive methods do not rely on evidence-based systematic logic, numerical principles, or statistical methods. This research helps determine the function patterns of sentences through the functions, categories, and roles of sentences in the novel, as well as the data and data sources in this research in the form of collections of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. The data analysis technique used in this research uses the AGH method. The results of this research found sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. There are two S-P sentence patterns; there are three S-P-O sentence patterns; there are three S-P-Pel sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-Pel sentence patterns; there are three S-P-K sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-K sentence patterns; there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns; and there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns. Analysis of sentences based on function found the following sentence function patterns: S, P, O, and K. Analysis of sentences based on categories found in sentences is as follows: Function S is in the noun category. Function P is categorized as an adjective or verb. Function O is in the noun category. Ket functions are categorized as verbs, adjectives, and verb phrases. The analysis of sentences based on the roles found in the sentences is as follows: S's function is to act as an actor. Function P acts as a command or action. Function O acts as a sufferer. The functions of information are time, nature, and circumstances. Apart from that, the sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye are suitable as enrichment material for class not good, accuracy in finding sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in finding sentence function patterns, accuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, effectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels, and ineffectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels. The results of this research can provide knowledge and insight into an understanding of In this research, understanding sentence function patterns for class XII students is very important to ensure that the teaching materials presented can be understood and applied by the class.

Employing the syntax of the Cooperative Education Model more especially, the School Teams Achievement Departments (STAD) type this study intends to enhance students' learning results. There are three phases to this study's methodology, which is based on Classroom Action Research (CAR): pre-cycle, cycle 1, and cycle 2. Participating in this study were 37 students in their last year of high school at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya in 2023–2024. Students' mathematical learning outcomes show a substantial improvement, according to the data. With each cycle, students' performance improved. Mastery was attained by 32.4% of students in the pre-cycle, 43.2% in cycle I, and 62.1% in cycle 2. This research provides strong evidence that the STAD type of collaborative education model improves students' performance in eleventh grade.  

Aspectuality is the speaker's point of view about a situation, for example an event, an ongoing event, a recurring event, or the end of an event. This study aims to describe the types of aspectuality in short stories written by class XI students of SMA Bakti Idhata. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study are elements of aspectuality in short stories written by class XI students of SMA Bakti Idhata. The data sources in this study were ten short stories written by class XI students of SMA Bakti Idhata. The data in this study were collected using the technique of listening and note-taking documentation. Based on the results of the study, it appears that from ten short stories written by class XI students of SMA Bakti Idhata, there are several types of aspectualities, namely perfective aspectuality, imperfective aspectuality, incoative aspectuality, continuous aspectuality, aggressive aspectuality, and iterative aspectuality. The most dominant aspectuality is the perfective aspect and the futurative aspect.

In the novel "The Happy Prince and Other Tales" by Oscar Wilde, published in 1888, adverbial adjunct clauses are frequently used to qualify the main clause process concerning agencies such as time, means, causes, and ends, often with elements that determine the nature of their relationship (Langacker 2008: 419–420). There are 93 sentences using adverbial adjuncts of different types, including time, place, reason or cause, manner, degree, and frequency. The novel is colorful with the use of these subordinate clauses. This analysis focuses on the use of adverbial adjunct clauses in the novel to convey the philosophical and idealistic meaning of human life and society. "The Happy Prince and Other Tales" is interesting to analyze because the language is very easy to understand and consists of no more than one hundred pages.

The purpose of this research is to improve students' speaking skills through a project based learning, making them more immersive and active. This study used experimental techniques and analysis of students' cognitive abilities with quantitative research techniques through oral tests. The research questions considered in this study are: was there a significant effectiveness of simple project-based learning syntaxes in teaching speaking (pronunciation element) and to what extent was the effectiveness of simple project-based learning syntaxes in teaching speaking (pronunciation element)?. The purpose of this study is to know whether the Simple project-based learning syntaxes to teach speaking (pronunciation element) contributes significantly to the senior high school students’ speaking ability of eleventh grade student of MA NW Juet academic year 2024. And the perpose of this research is to find out the extent of Simple project-based learning syntaxes in teaching speaking (pronunciation element). The analytical methods used for data processing are included in the Social Science Statistics 22.0 for Windows. The results before applying the project based learning technique, only 50% of students are able to spek in English and after applying the project based learning, it improved student's ability to speak in English by 80%. Applying project based learning , especially speaking, This is the right strategy to improve students' speaking skills (pronunciation).

The learning model is a conceptual framework that describes a systematic procedure in organizing learning experiences to achieve learning goals. This study aims to determine the influence of  the make a match type cooperative learning model  on the learning outcomes of Pancasila education for grade V students of SD Negeri Rayung II. This research method is quantitative with  a pre-experimental design of one group pretest posttest design. All students in grade V of SD Negeri Rayung II for the 2023/2024 school year were used as the population in this study. Sampling uses nonprobability sampling techniques with total sample types. The research sample was 26 students. The data collection technique in this study uses test questions and observation sheets. The results of the study prove that  the make a match type cooperative learning model  can have an influence on student learning outcomes.  The make a match type cooperative learning model  was implemented well according to its syntax, so that it affected the results of the t paired sample t-test test with a calculated value of 16.223 ≥ 1.708 so that Ha was accepted, namely there was a difference in the value of learning outcomes between the pretest and the posttest using the make a match type cooperative learning model. This shows that there is an influence of  the make a match type cooperative learning model  on the learning outcomes of Pancasila education for grade V students of SD Negeri Rayung II.

This study examines the moderated mediation model to determine the effect between variables partially as well as the role of non-impulsive behavior and financial capability on the effect of financial literacy on financial well-being in the moderated mediation model. This research uses a quantitative approach designed in survey research. The population of this study were students studying higher education in the Special Region of Yogyakarta totaling 129,853 students with the sampling technique using Convenience Sampling. The sample size of this study was 399 students determined by the Slovin formula. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The instrument validity test is based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis, with the reliability test using Cronbach's Alpha. The data analysis technique uses Conditional Process Analysis with the PROCESS Macro Model 8 syntax developed by Andrew F. Hayes in 2013. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial capability; (2) Financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial well-being; (3) Financial capability has a positive and significant effect on financial well-being; (4a) Non-impulsive behavior moderates the effect of financial literacy on financial capability; (4b) Non-impulsive behavior moderates the effect of financial literacy on financial well-being; (5) Financial capability mediates the effect of financial literacy on financial well-being.

This article aims to investigate language style variations within different dialects of the English language. Focusing on language elements such as vocabulary, syntax, and speech style, the research adopts an analytical approach to comprehend differences in language usage across several dialects. The research methodology involves the collection and analysis of data from representative text sources of each dialect. The findings highlight significant differences in language varieties, reflecting the cultural richness and historical background behind the development of these dialects. These results provide profound insights into the complexity of the English language through the lens of dialects, which can be valuable for cross-cultural understanding and the development of more effective communication strategies.

Syntactic analysis isn’t only used for the use of structural grammar, but also for explaining the relationship or connection between functions, categories, and roles in the syntactic structure to achieve a correct sentence structure. The purpose of this study is to describe the function, structure, and role of syntax in Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VII Kurikulum Merdeka book. This type of research is included in a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive design. The method used in this study is the agih method using reading and note-taking techniques, while the method of presenting data using informal data presentation. The data used is the descriptive text from the Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VII Kurikulum Merdeka book. The results of this study found 30 sentences with various sentence patterns from 4 samples of descriptive text with the most frequently found details being S-P-O syntactic functions, noun-verb-noun syntax categories, and actor-activity-target syntactic roles. Through this research it is hoped that it can provide benefits to readers so that they can deepen their knowledge in the field of syntax, and can be used as reference material and references for further research that is in line with this research.

This study aims to review the scope of linguistic research, highlighting the various branches and approaches used in the study of language. Linguistic research is a multidisciplinary field that includes the analysis of language structure, use, and its role in society. In this paper, we discuss some of the main branches of theoretical linguistics, including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. In addition, we also explore applied linguistics which involves the application of linguistic theory in practical contexts such as language education, translation, and language technology. Interdisciplinary approaches in linguistic research, which combine perspectives from psychology, anthropology, and computer science, are also a major focus of this study. We highlight the importance of appropriate methodology in linguistic research, including qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as the use of modern analytical tools such as linguistic software and natural language processing techniques. The results of this study indicate that a comprehensive understanding of the scope of linguistic research can make a significant contribution to the development of linguistics and its applications in various fields. These findings are expected to provide insights for researchers, practitioners, and educators in designing more effective language studies and teaching programs.      

This research aims to answer the problem (question), whether there is Bugis language interference in the fields of morphology and syntax in writing Indonesian essays for elementary school students in Balang Pesoang Village, Bulukumpa District, Bulukumba Regency. The population in this study were all fifth grade students at SD Negeri No. 62 Waepejje, Balang Pesoang Village, Bulukumpa District, Bulukumba Regency, totaling 25 people with details of 10 men and 15 women, and the sample was determined within these students or in total. The instrument of this research is an Indonesian language exposition essay whose theme has been determined by the researcher. The data collection method used is a method that is analyzed in descriptive form. The results of the research show that there is a representation of the Bugis language in the use of Indonesian by class V students at SD Negeri No. 62 Waepejje Balang Pesoang Village, Bulukumpa District, Bulukumba Regency. Of the 25 samples who used Indonesian in writing essays, there were 13 forms of interference at the morphological level, and 12 forms of interference at the syntactic level. The results of further research show that in general the factors that influence the occurrence of Bugis language interference are because students are more familiar with Bugis language compared to Indonesian, the community environment is less supportive, and psychological factors that are always experienced by students, such as feelings that are always emphasized. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the interference of the Bugis language in the use of Indonesian by class V students at SD Negeri No. 62 Waepejje, Balang Pesoang Village, Bulukumpa District, Bulukumba Regency, the causal factor being the strong influence of the Bugis language on students and as the family language that is most mastered and liked by its users by students.    

The research carried out is useful for analyzing errors in the use of syntax found in the electronic newspaper studied, namely "Sinar Indonesia Baru" 2024 edition. Syntax is a science that discusses grammar by identifying errors in words, sentences, clauses and phrases. For the public, electronic newspapers are an important medium because they contain a lot of information. However, as wise citizens, we must also ensure the clarity or truth of the information contained in electronic newspapers. In this case, the method or method used is to collect data and analyze errors in the electronic newspapers studied. The results of this research are to discuss errors such as grammar, unclear sentences, and errors in the contents of the newspapers analyzed. Therefore, this research functions as a provider of new insights for newspaper writers in order to improve the quality of the writer's writing and the quality of the language, especially in the April 2024 edition of the electronic newspaper "Sinar Indonesia Baru".