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Infrastructure expansion has been increasingly recognized as a transformative force shaping the social, economic, and cultural dynamics of coastal communities. This study investigates the effects of major infrastructure development specifically ports and toll roads on social mobility and religious practices within the traditional fishing communities of Bengkalis Island. Using a qualitative design, data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with fisherfolk, local leaders, and religious figures, as well as reviews of regional development policies. The findings reveal that new infrastructure has introduced shifts in livelihood patterns, encouraging economic diversification beyond traditional fishing activities. These shifts contribute to both upward and horizontal mobility, altering long-standing social hierarchies within the community. Moreover, the changing economic landscape influences religious life: traditional maritime rituals experience reduced centrality, while formalized religious organizations gain greater authority and participation. Infrastructure development also increases exposure to external cultural influences, accelerating negotiations of religious identity and modern interpretations of faith. Overall, this study argues that infrastructure projects function not only as physical catalysts of development but also as sociocultural drivers that reshape belief systems, communal relations, and the lived realities of traditional fishing populations. The research highlights the necessity of adopting development strategies sensitive to local contexts and cultural continuity.

This is related to the rights of traffic accident victims regulated in Article 240 of Law 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation "traffic accident victims have the right to receive compensation from the party responsible and are entitled to insurance compensation from the insurance company". Article 1365 of the Civil Code, every person who commits an unlawful act is obliged to compensate for the losses arising from his or her mistake. In fact, many accidents occur due to damaged roads in Samarinda City, so this is one of the factors causing traffic accidents.The aim of this research is to answer two things. First, to find out and examine unlawful acts by the authorities in cases of traffic accidents due to damaged roads. Second, we want to know and examine the legal responsibilities of road operators. In this part of the research, we review and explore the relevant laws that regulate and are relevant to claims for compensation against road operators by victims of traffic accidents due to damaged roads.The results obtained from this research are as follows: 1) In this case, the occurrence of traffic accidents in terms of the last 5 years continues to show a significant increase, which means that the government has not maximally provided the community's rights, namely to have good roads. One of the causes of accidents is damaged roads, but to date no member of the public has filed a civil lawsuit against the government for compensation for the pain they suffered. 2) The government's regulations and efforts to provide protection for road users are sufficient, but they are not implemented optimally, in fact the public has never been given an appeal to demand their rights to receive good roads.  

The concept of force majeure is essential in business agreements in Indonesia, as it regulates the release of contractual obligations that cannot be fulfilled due to events beyond their control such as natural disasters, pandemics, conflicts, or government policies. This study examines force majeure clauses in business agreements in Indonesia from a normative juridical perspective, focusing on the legal framework, its application practices, and its legal implications for contractual certainty. Using normative juridical qualitative methods, data were analyzed from the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) Articles 1244–1245 and 1444–1445, legal doctrine, and literature. The results of the study underlined that the force majeure clause has a strong legal basis in the Civil Code, which exempts the affected party from the obligation of compensation if the failure to perform the obligation is caused by events beyond his control. The application of this clause in the contract allows for the revision, postponement, or termination of a temporary contract, thereby guaranteeing legal certainty and protecting the principles of good faith and contractual fairness. In addition, the formulation of detailed clauses in the contract is crucial to prevent potential legal disputes down the road and ensure fair protection for all parties involved in the business agreement.

PT Jasamarga Tollroad Operator (JMTO) ia trusted by the company to handle toll road operations which include transaction services at toll gates and toll road services. PT Jasamarga Tollroad Operator (JMTO) is responsible for smoothness, comfort, and safety on toll roads. Good coaching to all employees will improve employee performance. This study aims to determine the effect of compensation, motivation, and job involvement on the performance of employees of PT Jasamarga Tollroad Operator (JMTO) Semarang Branch. The issue raised in this study is the decline in employee performance at PT Jasamarga Tollroad Operator (JMTO) which is indicated by the existence of work aspects that do not meet minimum service standards, which will have an impact on decreasing the quality of service to toll road users. The type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative with a census sampling method using a questionnaire with a population of 157 respondents, with a Likert scale to measure each variable. Data analysis technique used is primary data using correlation test, linear regression, multiple. Methods of data analysis using SPSS version 24.00. The results obtained from this study are that the t-value of -0.440 is smaller than the t-table of 1.975 and the significance value of 0.687 is greater than 0.005. This shows that compensation has no effect on the performance of employees of PT Jasamarga Tollroad Operator (JMTO). Motivation obtained t value 3.493 greater than t table 1.975 with a significance value of 0.001 less than 0.005. meaning that the motivational variable affects performance. variable job involvement obtained t value of 9.506 greater than t table 1.975 with a significance value <0.001 less than 0.005. shows that the variable job involvement affects the performance of employees of PT Jasamarga Tollroad Operator (JMTO). Simultaneously the compensation, motivation and job involvement variables obtained results 63.385 greater than table 2.66 with a significance level of 0.001 less than 0.005. this shows that the variables of compensation, motivation and job involvement simultaneously have a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT Jasamarga Tollroad Operator (JMTO).

This research focuses on comprehensive analysis of the crucial role of English proficiency as a vital instrument in enhancing the holistic communication competence of English Literature students amdist the dynamics of globalization. Utilizing a literature study research method trough a systematic review of various scholarly references, academic journals, and empirical findings, this study evaluates interaction barries such as limited vocabulary, syntatic complexity, and psychological constraints including low self confidence. The findjngs demonstrate that proficient language mastery is directly proportional to the improvement of critical literary work analysis and active participation in broader academic discourse. Furthermore, this study confirms that the implementation of interactive active learning methodologies such as role playing, thematic debates, and collaborative presentations integrated with cutting edge technology acts as a primary catalyst. These strategies not only mitigate communicative barriers but also substantially enhance self directed learning efficiency and career readiness in multilingual professional environment. Ultimately, this research offers a new theoretical contribution to higher education curriculum roadmaps that are more adaptive, responsive, and outcome oriented for learners domestically and internationally. Through this approach, educational institutions are expected to produce competitive graduates ready to face the dynamic challenges of the rapidly evolving global stage.

This community service activity aims to improve street cleanliness and encourage the use of home gardens to support a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. The main problems faced by the community include low awareness of environmental cleanliness, the persistence of trash along the roads, and underutilized yards. The activity implemented a qualitative approach through field observations, community interviews, outreach, and direct mentoring. The community service activities included the Clean Friday program, the construction of neighborhood gates, the creation of flower pots from recycled materials, and the use of home gardens for vegetable cultivation. The results of the activities showed a significant improvement in street cleanliness, increased use of home gardens as productive spaces, and growing awareness and active participation of the community, particularly the younger generation, in environmental protection. Furthermore, this activity also strengthened the values of mutual cooperation and local wisdom, which align with the Tana Toraja Masero concept of clean, healthy, independent, and sustainable development. Thus, this community service activity contributes positively to creating a sustainable environment and improving the community's quality of life in a sustainable manner

This study aims to develop an Indonesian traffic sign detection system using a transfer learning approach to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. The dataset was obtained from Kaggle and consists of 2,100 images across 21 traffic sign classes. The research stages include data collection, preprocessing to reduce noise and normalize image brightness, object detection using YOLOv5, and classification based on transfer learning with ResNet, VGG-16, and MobileNet architectures. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Experimental results indicate that the YOLOv5 model is capable of detecting traffic sign objects; however, the classification performance remains relatively low, with a mean Average Precision (mAP) value of 0.17. These findings suggest that further optimization is required in data preprocessing, dataset quality, and model parameter tuning to achieve better performance. This study demonstrates that transfer learning has significant potential for developing computer vision-based traffic sign detection systems, although further improvements are necessary to ensure robustness under real-world Indonesian traffic conditions.

This study to analyze the effect of Non Performing Loan (NPL), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Net Interest Margin (NIM) on Return on Assets (ROA) with Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) as an intervening variable at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Perser) Tbk. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the annual financial statements of Bank BRI for the period 2015-2024. The data analysis method used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS), which allows the examination of both direct and indirect relationship among variables in the research model. The independent variables consist of NPL, CAR, and NIM, the intervening variable is BOPO and the dependent variable is ROA. The results indicate that NPL has a positive effect on BOPO, suggesting that higher credit risk leads to increased operational costs. CAR and NIM have a negative effect on BOPO, indicating that adequate capital and effective interest income management improve operational efficiency contributes to increased bank profitability. The findings also confirm that BOPO mediates the relationship between NPL, CAR, and NIM on ROA. This study is expected to contribute to the academic literature on banking financial management and provide practical insights for bank management in enhancing operational efficiency and sustainable profitability.

 Road infrastructure development is an important factor in supporting community mobility and equitable regional development. However, road construction data management in Palembang City still faces various problems, such as scattered data, lack of integration, and not yet presented in a map-based visual form. This study aims to implement a Geographic Information System (GIS) as a medium for location mapping and presenting road construction data information in Sematang Borang and Kalidoni Districts, Palembang City. The methods used include field observation, road construction data collection and verification, GPS coordinate point retrieval, spatial and non-spatial data processing, and the development of a GIS system based on interactive digital maps. The results of the study indicate that the system is able to present road construction information in a structured, accurate, and easily accessible manner. This GIS helps improve the efficiency of the monitoring process, data management, and preparation of road construction reports at the Palembang City Public Works and Housing Agency. Thus, the application of GIS can be a supporting solution in decision-making and encourage the digitalization of road infrastructure data management.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face significant challenges in financial management, particularly related to transparency and reliability of transaction tracking, which hinders their access to formal financing. This study aims to synthesize scientific evidence regarding the application of blockchain technology in improving the tracking and transparency of financial transactions in MSMEs. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) or Wide Research approach with the PICOS framework, ten (10) relevant primary studies (original research papers) were identified, selected, and analyzed. The synthesis results show that blockchain significantly improves transparency, data security, and cost efficiency in tracking MSME transactions, and has great potential in increasing access to financing through a more credible credit scoring system. However, the main challenges lie in the high initial implementation costs and the need for digital literacy. This study provides a clear roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to optimize the adoption of blockchain technology in the MSME sector.

This article proposes wasathiyah—a balanced Islamic ethic grounded in the maqasid al-shari‘ah—as a practical framework for East–West civilizational dialogue. It critiques “clash of civilizations” narratives for reducing cross-cultural relations to identity antagonism, while historical experience points to more complex patterns of exchange, negotiation, and mutual correction. By using maqasid as a normative compass, dialogue is oriented toward publicly verifiable aims: safeguarding human dignity, advancing justice, protecting reason and knowledge, strengthening social cohesion, and promoting sustainable governance. The discussion draws on Nahdlatul Ulama’s tradition of Aswaja An-Nahdliyah and contemporary discourse on fiqh al-hadlarah (civilizational jurisprudence) to formulate an indicator matrix across key domains—education, law and human rights, economy, media, and emerging technologies (including AI)—along with a 3–5 year implementation roadmap and risk-mitigation strategies. The article concludes by highlighting implications for Islamic education, particularly academic integrity, digital-ethical literacy, and interdisciplinary projects oriented to the public good (maslahah).

The attendance process at SMK Swasta Dwitunggal 2 Tanjung Morawa is still carried out manually, potentially causing inefficiency, delays, and inaccuracies in attendance data. This condition results in the difficulty of managing attendance data and less than optimal support for managerial decision-making in the school environment. This study aims to design an Enterprise Architecture (EA) for a school attendance system using the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) framework. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design. The analysis is carried out through mapping existing conditions (AS-IS) and designing expected conditions (TO-BE) in several TOGAF ADM phases, including business architecture, information system architecture, technology architecture, as well as the Opportunities and Solutions and Migration Planning phases. The results of the study are an enterprise architecture blueprint and a migration roadmap that can serve as guidelines for the gradual implementation of a technology based attendance system. This design is expected to improve the efficiency of attendance management, data accuracy, and support the decision-making process in schools.

Public service in the transportation sector plays a strategic role in ensuring public safety and comfort, particularly through roadworthiness testing (Kir) for public transportation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of public services in roadworthiness testing at the Bandar Lampung City Transportation Agency and to identify the factors influencing its service quality. The research employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that the roadworthiness testing has been implemented systematically in accordance with statutory regulations, covering the stages of registration, technical inspection, result determination, and administrative completion. The application of technical inspections and on-field safety inspections (ramp checks) demonstrates the local government's commitment to improving public service quality and transportation safety. However, the implementation still faces several obstacles, including technological system disruptions, long waiting times, limited testing facilities and infrastructure, and a lack of understanding among some service users regarding the importance of roadworthiness. This study concludes that enhancing public services in roadworthiness testing requires strengthening the service systems, increasing human resource capacity, and raising public awareness to ensure services operate more effectively and remain oriented toward the public interest

The agricultural sector is a vital pillar in maintaining food security and enhancing the livelihoods of rural communities. In an effort to improve agricultural productivity, the Government of Lamongan Regency, through the Food Security and Agriculture Agency (DKPP), has implemented the Agricultural Facilities and Infrastructure Provision and Development Program. This program is designed to strengthen agricultural production capacity by supporting the availability of farming machinery, improving irrigation networks, and developing farm access roads. Despite its strategic importance, the program’s implementation continues to encounter various obstacles, including constrained budget availability, unequal distribution of agricultural facilities, reliance on rain-fed irrigation systems, substandard farm road infrastructure, and limited intensity of agricultural extension services. This research aims to examine the implementation of the Agricultural Facilities and Infrastructure Provision and Development Program in Sukodadi Village, Sukodadi District, Lamongan Regency. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing data collected through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document review. Analysis is conducted using the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation framework, which emphasizes six key variables: policy standards and objectives, resource adequacy, characteristics of implementing organizations, inter-organizational communication, implementer disposition, and social, economic, and political conditions. The results reveal that although policy standards and objectives are well defined, program execution remains suboptimal due to limited resources and insufficient institutional support at the operational level. Consequently, stronger coordination among implementing actors and improved resource optimization are necessary to achieve more effective and sustainable agricultural development outcomes.  

This study analyzes the economic dynamics and development of the tourism sector in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) Province during the 2015–2024 period. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). Data analysis is carried out through descriptive statistical methods and trend analysis to capture changes and patterns over time. The variables examined include regional economic growth, the number of tourist visits, road infrastructure development, labor absorption, and hotel occupancy rates across five districts/cities in the province. The findings indicate that the economy of DIY demonstrates relatively strong resilience in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, supported by gradual recovery in tourism-related activities. The development and operation of Yogyakarta International Airport have significantly contributed to economic growth in Kulon Progo Regency, particularly by improving accessibility and investment opportunities. The tourism sector continues to serve as the main economic driver in the region, with tourist visits largely concentrated in Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta City, while Gunungkidul Regency shows considerable potential for nature-based tourism development. Overall, the study concludes that equitable infrastructure development and the strengthening of the service sector are crucial to ensuring sustainable and inclusive economic growth in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Mawang Village occupies a strategic position as a buffer zone integrating the administrative center of Gowa Regency with other growth centers, featuring the ecological asset of Lake Mawang, which holds significant potential for ecotourism development. However, a discrepancy exists between spatial planning policies and the actual development of facilities and infrastructure on the ground. This study aims to identify the availability, accessibility, and physical feasibility of regional facilities and infrastructure as a fundamental database for area development. The method employed is descriptive-quantitative with a comparative analysis approach referring to the SNI 03-1733-2004 standards and spatial analysis. The findings indicate that religious and commercial/service facilities exhibit very high service levels with surplus conditions, while basic health facilities and early childhood education remain below minimum service standards. Spatially, the distribution of facilities tends to be concentrated along the main corridor, creating accessibility disparities for residents in inner residential areas. The collector road infrastructure is functionally adequate but lacks pedestrian facilities, while local roads suffer from pavement quality degradation. Furthermore, Lake Mawang, as a primary tourist attraction, still lacks basic supporting facilities. The implications of this research emphasize the need for equitable distribution of health facilities, revitalization of road quality, and the formulation of a comprehensive spatial detail plan for the lake area to achieve sustainable regional development based on local potential.

The increasing intensity of traffic object movement in urban areas has not been accompanied by adequate road infrastructure, resulting in traffic congestion, air pollution, and a higher risk of traffic accidents. One of the primary causes of accidents is traffic violations, particularly wrong-way driving behavior. This study develops a video-based automated traffic violation detection system using the YOLOv5 algorithm. A computer vision approach is employed to detect, classify traffic objects, and count wrong-way violations in real time. Due to limited access to real-world traffic violation footage, simulated traffic scenarios are used as testing data. The system is evaluated on four traffic object classes: motorcycles, cars, buses, and trucks. Experimental results demonstrate strong performance, achieving a precision of 90%, a recall of 92%, and an F1-score of 91%, while the traffic object counting accuracy reaches 89%. These findings indicate that the proposed system has significant potential to support traffic analysis and assist authorities in making more effective decisions to reduce congestion and traffic accidents.

Public street lighting (PJU) is an important infrastructure in supporting the safety and comfort of road users. The provision of PJU is the responsibility of the Sukabumi Regency Transportation Agency, which must be carried out in accordance with Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 47 of 2023 concerning Street Lighting Equipment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Sukabumi Regency Transportation Agency in providing PJU in the Kadudampit District. The research method used was qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through field observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the provision of PJU in Kadudampit Subdistrict is not yet fully effective, as indicated by the existence of PJU that is not functioning optimally and uneven distribution. The main obstacles faced include budget and maintenance limitations. Nevertheless, the implementation of street lighting provision has been in accordance with the provisions of Permenhub No. 47 of 2023. Therefore, improved planning and supervision are needed to increase the effectiveness of street lighting provision.

This study analyzes the design of the width and rigid pavement of the road on Sp. Brongkos – Ngembul, Kesamben District, Blitar Regency, along 4.5 km with an existing road width of 5 meters, rumija 16.8 meters. The surrounding area includes forestry, residential, plantation, industrial, and Jolosutro Beach tourist access, with increased traffic density during the holiday season and industrial operations. The method used is descriptive quantitative based on LHR and CBR data. The calculation of lane width using MKJI 1997 (Indonesian Road Capacity Manual) shows the need for widening of 3 meters per lane and 2 meters of shoulder. The rigid pavement design using the MDPJ 2024 method (Road Pavement Design Manual) consists of a layer of coarse-grained soil embankment, class A aggregate, lean concrete, and structural concrete with a thickness of 200 mm, 200 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm, respectively. With the JPCP design, for the tie bar connection reinforcement with a diameter of 16 mm, a length of 700 mm, a distance of 70 cm, and a dowel with a diameter of 28 mm, a length of 45 cm, and a distance of 30 cm.

Pemda Road in Kapur Village, Sungai Raya District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan is a district road that functions as an alternative route connecting Tanjung Raya II Road and Kapur Village Main Road. Along with increasing traffic loads and limited maintenance, this road section has experienced various surface pavement distresses that reduce driving comfort and compromise road safety. This paper seeks to detect the types and severity levels of pavement damage and to determine appropriate preservation actions using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. The research method involved a visual field survey by dividing the road into several segments, identifying damage types and severity levels, calculating PCI values, and determining suitable preservation measures based on the Asphalt Institute MS-17 guidelines. The results indicate that the flexible pavement section has a PCI value of 21.643, classified as very poor, with dominant damages consisting of potholes and edge cracking. Meanwhile, the rigid pavement section shows a PCI value of 94.960, which falls into the excellent category. The results of this research are anticipated to facilitate decision-making in determining maintenance priorities and road preservation strategies to improve pavement performance and extend service life.