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This research examines the complex dynamics of Islam-West interactions through a historical-analytical approach, focusing on the evolution of these relations from medieval encounters to contemporary developments. Using qualitative methods through extensive literature review and critical discourse analysis, this study analyzes the multifaceted nature of Islam-West relations across historical periods, contemporary contexts, and emerging paradigms of engagement. Findings reveal that Islam-West interactions have evolved through distinct historical phases: medieval encounters characterized by both intellectual exchange and military conflicts, colonial experiences that created lasting power asymmetries, and contemporary dynamics shaped by geopolitical tensions, migration patterns, and globalization. The research identifies three major contemporary challenges: persistent Orientalist and Islamophobic discourses, geopolitical conflicts intensifying civilizational narratives, and internal diversity within both civilizational spheres that complicates unified engagement. The study proposes a transformative model of Islam-West relations founded on shared ethical values, contextual understanding of religious texts, collaborative approaches to global challenges, and recognition of internal pluralism within both traditions. This research contributes to intercultural understanding by offering a nuanced historical perspective on Islam-West relations and establishing a theoretical framework for constructive engagement in an increasingly interconnected world

This study aims to analyze gender representation in the L’Oréal Paris Elvive Extraordinary Oil advertisement using Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach. The advertisement functions not only as a promotional medium for hair-care products but also as a site of meaning production that shapes social constructions of beauty, women’s roles, and power relations within society. Through the visuals and narrative presented, women are portrayed as the central focus as well as symbols of ideal beauty, characterized by shiny hair, an elegant appearance, and a confident demeanor. The analysis shows that women in the advertisement are positioned primarily as visual objects, while the L’Oréal Paris brand takes the role of the subject that provides solutions to women’s problems—specifically damaged hair. The use of the iconic slogan “Because you’re worth it” constructs a discourse suggesting that women’s self-worth and personal value are closely tied to physical appearance, especially the condition of their hair. Thus, the advertisement not only delivers commercial messages but also carries ideological implications about beauty standards that women are expected to meet. This study concludes that advertising plays a crucial role in reproducing contemporary gender norms and influences how society interprets women’s identity and value through the visual representations it presents.

This study delves into the linguistic and ideological dimensions of cyberbullying discourse directed at TikTok creator Putri Padang within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). In Indonesia’s digital landscape, TikTok has become one of the prominent platform for self-expression and cultural performance, yet it also serves as a site for public shaming and moral policing. Drawing on Fairclough’s (1995) three-dimensional model, this qualitative research analyzes fifty hate comments collected from several TikTok videos featuring Putri Padang to uncover how language reproduces power relations and cultural ideologies. The findings reveal that hate comments are not random acts of aggression but structured discursive practices characterized by repetition, labeling, and moral judgment. Linguistic strategies such as mockery, objectification, and intertextual humor—exemplified by terms like “muka kotak” and “Adudu”—function as mechanisms of symbolic domination, reinforcing gendered and regional hierarchies. Moreover, the comments often invoke patriarchal values and cultural authenticity to moral criticism, positioning the target as a violator of feminine and cultural norms. The research contributes to cyber-discourse studies by extending into multimodal contexts and emphasizing the need for culturally grounded approaches to online gender-based violence.

This article explores the significance of ontological security in shaping Indonesia’s foreign policy formulation. Moving beyond material conceptions of security focused on military, economic, and territorial dimensions it argues that Indonesia’s foreign behavior is deeply influenced by the need to maintain a stable sense of national identity and historical continuity. As the world’s largest Muslim-majority democracy and a leading Southeast Asian nation, Indonesia consistently projects itself through identity-based narratives rooted in anti-colonialism and the “free and active” foreign policy doctrine. Its unwavering support for Palestinian independence, participation in the Non-Aligned Movement, and regional leadership in ASEAN illustrate how ontological security underpins diplomatic consistency and domestic legitimacy. However, the same identity-driven approach can also create friction between ideological commitments and pragmatic interests, particularly in managing relations with major powers such as China and the United States. The study concludes that while ontological security provides coherence and credibility, it also demands adaptive strategies. It recommends identity-sensitive diplomacy, coherent narrative management, strategic flexibility, and inclusive public engagement to ensure that Indonesia’s foreign policy remains balanced between identity preservation and practical global engagement.

heritage: persistent power Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women is a dietary problem that may have an effect on both maternal and fetal fitness. one of the influencing factors is the mother’s nutritional know-how. This look at aimed to investigate the relationship between nutritional knowledge and the prevalence of CED amongst pregnant ladies in the running area of Tempunak clinic. take a look at methods: This study employed an analytic observational design with a pass-sectional technique. The population consisted of 88 pregnant girls selected the use of purposive sampling. studies gadgets blanketed a dietary understanding questionnaire and Mid-higher Arm Circumference (MUAC) measurement to decide CED fame. statistics analysis turned into executed the use of univariate analysis within the form of frequency distribution, and bivariate analysis with the Chi-rectangular check. effects: maximum respondents had exact nutritional information (fifty nine.09%), and greater than 1/2 did not experience CED (55.68%). The Chi-square check received a p-cost of 0.000 (<zero.05) with a Chi-square fee of 30.410, indicating a massive relationship between dietary knowledge and CED. Pregnant ladies with top dietary understanding were much less in all likelihood to enjoy CED, even as all respondents with terrible information skilled CED. end: there's a large courting between dietary understanding and the incidence of CED amongst pregnant girls. continuous dietary training is vital to lessen the risk of CED and enhance maternal fitness.

Green accounting procedures have been adopted by numerous companies in response to the growing global focus on environmental responsibility. Nonetheless, monetary instability is still a major obstacle that can reduce productivity in Indonesia's manufacturing sector. The purpose of this research is to analyze industrial businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023 and see how green accounting, financial crisis, and earnings management affect financial performance. The population in this study consists of 68 industrial sector companies, with a sample of 7 companies selected through purposive sampling based on 4 criteria. We used EViews software and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) for a quantitative approach. First, financial distress has a significant impact on financial performance. Second, green accounting has a significant positive effect on financial performance. Third, earnings management does not moderate the relationship between financial distress and financial performance. Fourth, earnings management does not moderate the relationship between green accounting and financial performance. With an Adjusted R-Square value of 79.73%, the study model has a high level of explanatory power. It may be used to explain the majority of the variation in financial performance. This shows that the constructed model is applicable and fits the empirical data well. Transparent reporting and real sustainability initiatives are still vital for improving company results, according to these results, as profits management methods do not change the impact of environmental and financial variables, which are important drivers of performance.

This study analyzes the factors leading to academic fraud among accounting students, focusing on the predictive power of the Fraud Hexagon Theory and intellectual intelligence. It also investigates the role of student ethical behavior as a moderating variable. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from 111 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The data was subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 25. The findings revealed that the Fraud Hexagon model was only partially validated. Three of its six dimensions emerged as significant predictors of academic fraud: rationalization, capability, and opportunity. Conversely, pressure, ego, and collusion showed no significant influence. The study also found no statistical relationship between a student's intellectual intelligence and their tendency to commit fraud. Furthermore, student ethical behavior did not effectively moderate the influence of the significant Fraud Hexagon factors. The study concludes that academic fraud is a complex phenomenon primarily triggered by internal justification, individual capabilities, and external opportunities. The lack of correlation with intellectual intelligence suggests that cognitive ability is not an inherent barrier to dishonest acts. These findings underscore that a strong ethical character is the most powerful safeguard against fraud, highlighting the irreplaceable role of ethics education in fostering academic integrity.

The form of historicization in literary criminology views criminality as the result of power relations, unequal social structures, and history. Criminal acts in historicization are always placed in a specific time and place context, tracing how a behavior is considered “criminal” or “against the law” depending on the historical construction formed by the legal system, the state, and the rulers. Historicization also reveals that what is referred to as crime is not absolute, but can change according to historical developments and power struggles. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of criminalization in the novel Lampuki, which is not merely an individual deviant act, but a reflection of historical trauma and a flawed social structure. The approach used is literary sociology. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method with reading and note-taking techniques obtained from the novel Lampuki by Arafat Nur in the form of sentences and paragraphs. The results of the study show that there are seven data points that fall under the form of criminalization of history. From the seven data points, three findings were generalized and discovered in Arafat Nur novel Lampuki, namely: (1) transgenerational trauma of violence, (2) the destruction of the socio-cultural structure, and (3) dark figure of crime.

Notarial deeds as authentic instruments hold a crucial role in Indonesia’s civil law evidence system, providing perfect proof under Article 1868 of the Civil Code. However, in practice, such deeds are often denied by one party in court, raising debates about the certainty of their evidentiary power. This study examines the legal consequences of denying a notarial deed for the parties in litigation and the assurance of legal certainty for those holding such deeds. Using R. Soeroso’s Theory of Legal Consequences and Jan Michael Otto’s Theory of Legal Certainty, this normative juridical research employs statutory, conceptual, analytical, and case approaches, with literature-based data collection and interpretative legal analysis. The findings reveal that denial of a notarial deed may create new legal relationships, alter good-faith relations into disputes, and result in sanctions imposed by court rulings. Meanwhile, legal certainty remains guaranteed, as authentic deed regulations are clear, binding, and enforceable, serving as a guideline in resolving disputes and upholding sanctions.  

Multicultural counseling in schools serves as an essential strategy to reduce conflicts and foster cultural awareness among students. Counselors play a central role by developing their own cultural competence, facilitating students’ reflection on their cultural identities, providing education on stereotypes and biases, creating safe spaces for cross-cultural dialogue, and strengthening institutional capacity through collaboration with teachers and parents. This counseling strategy emphasizes understanding the values, norms, and power dynamics of each cultural group to ensure interventions are both effective and culturally sensitive. An inclusive learning environment supports this process by offering written policies, curricula that reflect diversity, dialogue forums, and cross-cultural activities. The evaluation process involves establishing clear objectives, quantitative and qualitative indicators, and mixed methods, including surveys, discussions, and direct observations, with participation from counselors, teachers, principals, parents, and student representatives. Local adaptation of instruments, continuous monitoring, and systematic documentation ensure data validity and the sustainability of behavioral changes. Evaluation results form the basis for concrete recommendations, such as counselor training, inclusive curriculum development, and programs to strengthen cross-cultural relationships. This approach enables schools to cultivate a culture of empathy, understanding, and harmony, thereby enhancing relationships among students from diverse backgrounds.

Application of Multi-Layer Perceptron neural network to fault classification in high-voltage transmission lines is demonstrated in this paper. Different fault types on protected transmission line should be detected and classified rapidly and correctly. This paper presents the use of Discrete Wavelet Transform energy features combined with zero sequence current magnitude as input features for neural network classifier. The proposed method uses eight extracted features to learn hidden relationship in fault signal patterns. Using proposed approach, fault detection and classification of all 11 fault types could be achieved with high accuracy. Improved performance is experienced once the neural network is trained sufficiently with 1188 fault samples, thus performing correctly when faced with different system conditions. Results of performance studies show that proposed neural network-based classifier achieves 96.18% average accuracy, which demonstrates that it can improve the performance of conventional fault classification algorithms, which in turn can provide more efficient solutions in the management and protection of high voltage electrical systems.

This study examines the relationship between household literacy, access to basic infrastructure, and the quality of primary education in Eastern Indonesia within the framework of Christian Religious Education values. Using a quantitative explanatory design, the research analyzes national socio-economic data with provinces as the unit of analysis. The model was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the predictive power of household access to safe water, access to electricity, and literacy level on primary education outcomes, measured by the average national exam score. The results show that access to safe water (β = 0.294, p < 0.05) and electricity (β = 0.290, p < 0.05) have significant positive effects on education quality, while literacy level (β = 0.081, p > 0.05) is not statistically significant. The model explains 34.7% of the variance in education quality (R² = 0.347). These findings indicate that improving basic infrastructure remains essential to enhancing educational outcomes in Eastern Indonesia. Integrating Christian educational values such as justice, love, and service can further strengthen community motivation and collective responsibility toward equitable education development.

This study examines the Coldplay Gate phenomenon as a reflection of gender inequality and weak ethical relations in the workplace. The event, which began as a personal issue in the entertainment sphere, evolved into a public discourse because it revealed the vulnerability of women within organizational power structures. The workplace, which should uphold professionalism, instead demonstrates gender bias, subordination, and dysfunctional practices that undermine institutional integrity. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study as the main method. Data were collected from news articles, research reports, and official publications from both national and international institutions such as the World Bank Gender Data Portal (2024), Statistics Indonesia (BPS, 2024), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and Populix (2024). Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify key themes, including women’s subordination, abuse of power relations, and weak organizational ethics. The findings indicate that Coldplay Gate should not be understood merely as a personal scandal but as a reflection of unequal workplace structures. Empirical data reinforce this conclusion, such as women’s labor participation of only 55.41 percent, limited representation in strategic positions (15 percent of CEOs are women), and high levels of workplace discrimination (45 percent). These findings highlight the need for ethical awareness and gender sensitivity to be internalized within organizational culture. The study concludes that formal regulations must be accompanied by the development of a fair, safe, and inclusive professional culture, enabling workplaces to function as equal spaces for all individuals without barriers based on gender or power relations.

This study aims to analyze in depth the cultural construction of independence in Islamic boarding schools through the perspective of educational sociology. The main focus of this study is to explore how social structures, power relations between kyai and santri, and hidden curriculum mechanisms contribute significantly to the formation of santri's independent character. This research is motivated by the discrepancy between national educational goals and the reality of the crisis of independence often found in formal educational institutions. Using descriptive qualitative methods through a literature study and critical synthesis approach, this study examines the phenomenon of independence as a sociological product. The results of the study show that the independence of santri is not merely obedience to formal rules, but rather the result of the formation of internalized habitus through strict daily discipline and the accumulation of cultural capital transmitted by the figure of the kyai. These findings confirm that the charismatic relationship between kyai and santri serves as the main channel for transmitting the values of initiative and responsibility. Furthermore, the hidden curriculum manifested in the daily exemplary behavior of the kyai has proven to be more effective in shaping the autonomy of santri than conventional classroom instruction. The implications of this study confirm that the educational ecosystem model in Islamic boarding schools can serve as a strategic reference for modern educational institutions in overcoming the challenges of character degradation and independence among students in the contemporary era.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in public policy networks as representatives of community interests, government partners, and advocacy actors. This study aims to analyze the role of NGOs in public policy networks in Garut Regency, as well as the challenges faced in increasing their contribution to policy formulation and implementation. The study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies of actors involved in the policy network. The results show that NGO involvement is still symbolic, power relations between actors are not yet equal, NGO institutional capacity is limited, and coordination within the policy network is less than optimal. The lack of regulatory support also weakens the position of NGOs in the public policy process. This study concludes that strengthening the role of NGOs through institutionalizing their involvement, developing regulations, increasing capacity, and establishing equal partnership patterns are important steps to improve the effectiveness of public policy networks in Garut Regency.

This study investigates the structural relationships among Product Quality (PQ), Brand Image (BI), Word of Mouth (WOM), and Repurchase Intention (RI) to empirically understand the sequential mechanisms driving consumer loyalty in a highly competitive market. Grounded conceptually in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) paradigm, the research posits that PQ acts as an external antecedent influencing RI through the mediating cognitive and behavioural constructs of BI and WOM. Data were collected from a sample of 187 Weber product consumers in Surabaya and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The empirical results confirm all hypothesized direct and indirect relationships. Specifically, PQ significantly and positively influences both BI (β=0.337, p<0.000) and WOM (β=0.351, p<0.000). Furthermore, both BI and WOM significantly predict RI, with WOM (β=0.498, p<0.000) demonstrating a markedly stronger effect compared to BI (β=0.414, p<0.000). The model successfully explains a moderate 57% of the variance in Repurchase Intention. These findings underscore the strategic imperative for management to prioritize superior product quality, which organically fosters a positive brand perception and stimulates potent word-of-mouth promotion identified as the most critical driver of repeated purchases. Future research is encouraged to integrate additional affective factors, such as customer satisfaction or perceived price fairness, to enhance the explanatory power of the consumer loyalty model.

The franchise business model has experienced rapid growth in Indonesia, particularly in the food, beverage, and modern retail sectors, such as Indomaret. The franchise system provides efficient business expansion opportunities for franchisors and franchisees to participate in businesses that already have established operational standards and market reputations. However, behind this development, significant legal challenges have emerged, particularly related to the unequal position between franchisors and franchisees in franchise agreements. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for franchisees by reviewing the principles of fairness, balance, and legal certainty in the implementation of franchise contracts. The approach used is a normative juridical method with a case study of the Indomaret franchise partnership, which is examined through an analysis of related laws and regulations, such as Government Regulation Number 42 of 2007 concerning Franchising and Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number 71 of 2019. The results of the study indicate that there is still asymmetry of power in contract drafting, weak legal literacy of franchisees, and a lack of government oversight of agreement implementation. Therefore, regulatory reform and strengthening of oversight mechanisms are needed to ensure that franchise relationships operate fairly, transparently, and sustainably

Earnings quality refers to the accuracy of a company in presenting its earnings information. It reflects the quality of the company’s financial statements, indicating whether the reported earnings can be considered reliable or not. Earnings quality is influenced by several factors, one of which is the decision-making of the board of directors (CEO). The CEO is regarded as the most powerful individual within a company, exercising authority over corporate decisions, including the disclosure of financial information. In recent times, many women have taken on the role of CEO, and their presence is no longer underestimated. The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the effect of female CEO presence and CEO education on earnings quality. The research was conducted on all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019–2022 period. The sample size was determined using a saturated sampling method, resulting in 2,792 observations. Data were collected using a non-participant observation method, and the analysis technique employed was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that female CEO presence and CEO education have no significant relationship with earnings quality.

This research aims to examine how betrayal is represented in the film The Last Supper (2025). The study employs a qualitative approach using John Fiske’s semiotic theory, which focuses on three levels of codes: reality, representation, and ideology. Data were collected through visual observation of the film’s scenes and analyzed to identify signs and underlying meanings within the actions of the characters. The findings reveal a total of nine betrayal scenes, segmented into 52 image shots that were analyzed in depth. These scenes primarily depict the betrayals committed by Judas Iscariot and Peter against Jesus Christ. The analysis shows that betrayal is not merely presented as a dramatic motif but is constructed as an ideological representation that reflects power relations, social pressure, and human moral dilemmas. The film serves as a cultural text that constructs meaning through visual symbols, gestures, expressions, and dialogue. As such, it can be interpreted as a form of social criticism against systems of power that influence individual behavior. Therefore, the film functions not only as entertainment but also as a discursive space that voices fundamental human issues.

This article examines the role of social sciences in constructing the narrative of Islamic moderation amid the rising trend of social polarization in contemporary society. Polarization, triggered by political dynamics, identity conflicts, and the rapid growth of digital media, has led to social fragmentation that threatens communal cohesion. In this context, social sciences play a significant role as analytical tools to understand the dynamics of conflict, identity construction, and power relations underlying such tensions. Employing a qualitative approach through library research, this study explores recent literature on Islamic moderation and social sciences. The findings reveal that Islamic moderation rooted in the values of tawassuth (middle path), tasamuh (tolerance), i’tidal (justice), and musawah (equality) can be enriched through theoretical frameworks from the social sciences, making it more relevant in addressing contemporary issues. The integration of both perspectives allows Islamic moderation to be understood not merely as a normative slogan, but as a social praxis that strengthens inclusivity, tolerance, and justice within the public sphere. This study underscores the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to reduce social polarization and to consolidate Islamic moderation as a foundation for peaceful religious and national life.