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oil palm plantations are one of Indonesia's leading agricultural sectors and contribute significantly to the economy. In production activities, costs are an important factor for a company's efficiency and profitability. This study discusses the structure of production costs, the division of direct and indirect costs, and the method of calculating the Cost of Goods Sold (HPP) in oil palm nurseries and production units. The main objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of production cost management to achieve more efficient and effective cost management for oil palm plantations.

Oil palm plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) are one of Indonesia's leading commodities which have quite high productivity as a producer of vegetable oil, as well as being a source of foreign exchange for the country and employment for the community. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of urea, KCl and chicken manure on the growth of oil palm seedlings. The research location was conducted on Jalan Tapak Lebar I Rt.04, Sidorejo Village, Lubuklinggau Barat II District, Lubuklinggau City, South Sumatra, from September to December 2024. Treatment P1 = No treatment, P2 = Urea fertilizer 5 g/plant, P3 = KCl fertilizer 5 g/plant, P4 = Chicken manure 250 g/plant, P5 = Urea fertilizer 5 g + KCl 5 g/plant, P6 = Urea fertilizer 5 g + chicken manure 250 g/plant, and P7 = KCl fertilizer 5 g + chicken manure 250 g/plant. Each sample treatment consisted of 3 seedlings and was repeated 3 times. Using a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The administration of urea fertilizer at a dose of 5 g/plant and chicken manure at a dose of 250 g/plant gave the best effect on all observation variables, namely: increase in height, increase in the number of leaf stalks, stem diameter, number of leaflets, length of leaflets.  

The aim of this study is to show the yield, quality, and the fatty acids composition of VCO produced from coconut growing in several location having different altitudes in West Timor. In addition, it also determined the correlation between the yield, quality, and the composition at one side and the altitude at other side.   The coconut samples were taken from six locations at different altitudes. Virgin coconut oil is fermented using baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The oil yield was calculated based on the oil volume ratio to the coconut cream volume, and the composition of fatty acid was then determined by a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The results showed that the quality of VCO obtained in this study is very good based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 7381:2008. The higher the growing location of coconut, the oil yield decreases slightly, the peroxide number increases slightly, the water content and free fatty acids are decrease. The correlation between the altitude of the coconut growing location and the fatty acid composition: lauric acid (strong and positive); palmitic and oleic acids (strong and negative); linoleic acid (very strong and negative); capric, myristic, and stearic acids (very weak and negative).

Oil palm plantations are a strategic sector in economic development in North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the economic and ecological impacts of oil palm plantation expansion and evaluate the balance between benefits and disadvantages caused. The descriptive qualitative method is used by utilizing secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency, environmental organization reports, and academic studies. The results show that the expansion of oil palm plantations makes a significant contribution to increasing regional income and job creation. However, land expansion without sustainable management leads to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, deterioration of the quality of water resources, and microclimate and local weather changes. To overcome these challenges, sustainable management policies that integrate agroforestry principles and strict supervision are needed to maintain a balance between economic development and environmental conservation.

This research is titled Factors Influencing the Consumption Behavior of Palm Oil Farmers in Bulian Baru Village, Batin XXIV Subdistrict, Batanghari Regency. The objectives of this study are: (1) To explain the partial influence of Cultural Factors, Social Factors, and Personal Factors on the consumption behavior of palm oil farmers in Bulian Baru Village, Batin XXIV Subdistrict, Batanghari Regency; and (2) To explain the simultaneous influence of Cultural Factors, Social Factors, and Personal Factors on the consumption behavior of palm oil farmers in the same area. The research method used is a quantitative approach. The results of this study are: (1) Based on the regression test, it was found that partially, Cultural Factors have a significant influence on the consumption behavior of palm oil farmers in Bulian Baru Village, Batin XXIV Subdistrict, Batanghari Regency. Social Factors, on the other hand, do not have a significant partial effect, while Personal Factors do significantly influence consumption behavior in the same area. (2) Simultaneously, Cultural Factors, Social Factors, and Personal Factors have a significant influence on the consumption behavior of palm oil farmers in Bulian Baru Village, Batin XXIV Subdistrict, Batanghari Regency.

One of the negative impacts of the mining process is acid mine drainage which is formed from the oxidation of minerals containing iron sulfur, such as pyrite (FeS2) and pyrothite (FeS) by oxidizers such as water and oxygen. To handle or control acid mine drainage, one way is to use activated carbon or often referred to as activated charcoal, which is a type of carbon that has a very large surface area. Charcoal is a porous solid that contains 85% to 95% carbon, produced from materials containing carbon by heating at high temperatures without oxygen (pyrolysis). Activated carbon made from palm shells is an adsorbent that can be used to treat coal mine acid water, so that the water meets standards for flowing into the environment. This study used concentration variants of 4 grams, 6 grams, 8 grams and contact times of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 150 minutes. The results of this study show that the concentration of palm oil shell activated carbon adsorbent influences the reduction of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) metal levels as well as the pH conditions in acid mine drainage water. The higher the concentration and the longer the contact time, the more heavy metals are adsorbed, the contact time is the highest. The optimal concentration in this study was 150 minutes and the optimal concentration was 8 grams with physical activation.

This study aims to determine the effect of soaking time and coconut water concentration on the dormancy breaking of oil palm seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor is the concentration of coconut water (A): A1 = 25% coconut water/liter of water, A2 = 50% coconut water/liter of water, and A3 = 75% coconut water/liter of water. The second factor is the soaking time (L): L1 = 30 minutes, L2 = 60 minutes, and L3 = 90 minutes. Data analysis was conducted using variance analysis and Duncan's test. The results showed that the concentration of coconut water significantly affected germination power, germination age, plant height, and the number of leaves of oil palm seedlings. A 75% concentration of coconut water produced the best dormancy breaking of oil palm seeds. The soaking time in coconut water solution also significantly affected germination power, germination age, plant height, and the number of leaves of oil palm seedlings. A soaking time of 90 minutes resulted in the best dormancy breaking of oil palm seeds. The interaction between coconut water concentration and soaking time significantly affected the germination power of oil palm seeds. This study provides important information on the optimal soaking conditions to improve dormancy breaking success, which can be used to accelerate the germination and growth of oil palm seedlings.

Fungal infections, such as those caused by Curvularia, can interfere with the vegetative growth and reduce the quality of oil palm seedlings, particularly in the main nursery phase. One solution to improve resistance to pathogens and support vegetative growth is by applying the right foliar fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the effect of Kenfolan foliar fertilizer application on vegetative growth and the level of Curvularia infection in oil palm seedlings during the main nursery phase. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments of Kenfolan fertilizer concentrations: 0 ml/L (P1), 1 ml/L (P2), 2 ml/L (P3), 3 ml/L (P4), and 4 ml/L (P5), each repeated three times. The parameters measured included seedling height, stem diameter, number of fronds, and the percentage of Curvularia infection. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The results showed that treatment P4 (3 ml/L) provided the best vegetative growth, with seedling height reaching 40.07 cm, stem diameter of 1.58 cm, and an average of 4.25 fronds. Additionally, treatments P3 (2 ml/L) and P4 (3 ml/L) successfully suppressed Curvularia infection, with no infection found in these treatments. In contrast, treatment P1 (control) showed the highest infection level of 33%, while P5 (4 ml/L) increased the infection compared to P3 and P4. Based on the results, the application of Kenfolan foliar fertilizer at a dose of 3 ml/L (P4) was the most effective in improving vegetative growth and suppressing Curvularia infection in oil palm seedlings in the main nursery phase.

This study aims to examine the effect of varying the length of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers on the mechanical properties and macrostructure of Palmfiber Reinforced Concrete (PRC) as an alternative to Glassfiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC). EFB fibers were selected due to their abundance, eco-friendliness, and potential to enhance the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete. The methods employed include flexural testing and macrostructural observation using five fiber length variations (3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, and 7 cm). The results show that a fiber length of 5 cm produced the highest flexural stress of 11.78 kg/cm², while a length of 4 cm yielded the highest modulus of elasticity at 162.2 kg/cm². Macrostructural observations revealed good bonding between fibers and matrix in most specimens, although performance differences were observed due to fiber distribution and manual compaction processes. In conclusion, fiber length affects the mechanical performance of PRC, yet production process optimization is necessary to achieve more consistent results.

Harvesting is a crucial stage in the palm oil production process that impacts the efficiency and productivity of the plantation. Choosing the right harvesting method can increase the effectiveness of time and labor. This study compares harvesting efficiency using manual and mechanized methods by measuring the duration of fruit harvest and transportation time to the collection point (TPH). This study was conducted in November–December 2024 at PT. Kencana Sawit Indonesia, located in Talao Sungai Kunyit, South Solok, West Sumatra. The equipment used included stationery, a stopwatch, and data related to working time and harvest results. Data were collected through direct observation. The analysis was carried out using the t-student statistical test to evaluate the difference in working time between the manual and mechanized methods. The results showed that harvesting with mechanization was more efficient than the manual method. The difference in harvest time reached 12 seconds per bunch with a P value of 0.0002, while the transportation time to the TPH was 23.48 minutes faster per ton with a P value <0.0001. Monthly production with mechanization averaged 48.69 tons, while the manual method only produced 38.13 tons per month. Thus, the use of mechanized harvesting methods has proven to be faster in the harvesting process, fruit transportation, and increasing monthly production results. The implementation of mechanization can be a strategic step to increase operational efficiency and productivity of oil palm plantations.

Palm oil production in Indonesia is basically a commodity for export and Indonesia itself is the largest exporter of palm oil in the world. This can prove that palm oil exports from Indonesia are able to compete with other tea exporting countries. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of land area, production quantity, and world price of CPO simultaneously and partially on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports from 1994-2023. The data used in this research is secondary data in the form of quantitative data sourced from BPS and the World Bank. The area of ​​this research is the Republic of Indonesia. The data analysis technique used is the Error Correction Model (ECM) analysis technique. The research results show that land area, production volume and world price of CPO simultaneously influence the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. The production quantity variable partially has a positive and significant effect. The variables of land area and world price of CPO partially have no effect. Considering the importance of exports to a country's economy, it is necessary to increase the export volume of palm oil in Indonesia, as one of Indonesia's leading export commodities, by paying attention to factors that can influence export volume.

The aim of this research is to find out what factors influence farmers to convert cocoa plantation land into oil palm plantations in Tinondo District, East Kolaka Regency. The sample used was 32 farmers. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The research results can be concluded that the factors that cause the conversion of cocoa land to oil palm are the area of ​​cocoa land, farming experience, environmental factors and regulatory factors. Partially using the t test, cocoa land area with a significant value of 0.000, farming experience with a significant value of 0.000, environmental factors with a significant value of 0.025 and regulatory factors with a significant value of 0.000 in the positive direction and the calculated t value is greater than the t table shows that these variables has a significant influence and is the cause of farmers converting cocoa land into oil palm.

PT.PP London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk combines the objectives of occupational safety and health into the management system at all levels of the company.  Management is responsible for preventing injuries and diseases due to work.  PT.PP London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk has succeeded in implementing an occupational safety and health management system to minimize work accidents.  The occupational safety and health management system program has been established in oil palm factory in the form of recruitment, education and training, counseling, use of personal protective equipment and appreciation.  Evaluation of the P2K3 work program on K3 policy can produce results, namely the acquisition of zero accident in the palm oil mill environment, in the factory environment there are no work accidents that cause loss of employee working days.  The influence and application of SMK3 can be proven from the lack of work accidents in the palm oil mill environment, and several awards are obtained about occupational safety.  PT.  PP London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk was given a zero accident award for its achievements in implementing the Occupational Safety and Health Program (K3) so as to reach 2,596,288 working hours of people without work accidents, starting from January 1, 2012 to March 31  2016. Then won a gold flag award in SMK3 in Begerpang POM in 2009 and 2012. In the framework of implementing Government No. 50 of 2012 concerning the application of SMK3 in the workplace.

This study aims to determine the process of making oil palm empty fruit bunch briquettes through variations in tapioca flour as an alternative material, through the stages of research which include briquette making, namely drying, carbonization and printing. Briquette characterization includes proximate tests, namely water content, ash content, calorific value and densit. From the results of the proximate test at a ratio of 91:9, it shows that the quality of oil palm empty  fruit bunch biochar briquettes with a moisture content of 7.07%, ash content of 8.769%, calorific value of 5850.2 cal/g and density of 0.55 g/cm3. The utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches not only reduces waste, but also provides a solution for sustainable energy needs.

Particularly in tropical nations like Indonesia and Malaysia, oil palm plantations have grown to be a significant economic sector worldwide. Although these plantations offer substantial economic advantages, there are a number of environmental effects associated with their growth that must be taken into account. The ecological effects of oil palm plantations, such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and air and land pollution, are covered in this article. It also covers mitigation techniques, such the use of sustainable farming methods, ecosystem poisoning, and ecosystem restoration, to strike a balance between financial gains and environmental extinction. Without compromising its financial gains, the palm oil sector may grow in a more ecologically responsible way with the correct strategy.

CPO is the raw result of the oil extraction process from palm oil fruit. This substance is a rusty red liquid which has varying consistency characteristics depending on the ambient temperature conditions. The problems faced in handling CPO liquid bulk cargo are based on several factors, namely limited infrastructure, weather, distance and how the government regulates the sustainability of this industry at PT. Energi Unggul Persada. The aim of this research is to find out how the CPO liquid bulk transportation procedures are carried out by PT. Energi Unggul Persada, the main challenges faced in handling CPO liquid bulk cargo, as well as how government regulations and policies influence CPO liquid bulk cargo handling procedures and their impact on industrial desires at PT. Energi Unggul Persada. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. This research was carried out at PT. Energi Unggul Persada from February 2022 to April 2022. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, documentation. Meanwhile, the informants used as research were the Shipping Section Operational Experts and Field Coordinators PT. Energi Unggul Persada in Mempawah. The data that has been collected is then carried out by data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results of this research are first, the procedures that have been established by the company, namely, before loading begins, the surveyor and lodging master prepare the required documents such as: shipping instructions, ship shore checklist, dry certificate, and the tools used include: flexible hose, crane, floating line, and pump. To ensure that the quality of CPO / cargo meets standards, then during the loading process, the loading master supervises and is responsible for the implementation and smoothness of the loading activity. Second, the main challenges faced in the process of handling CPO liquid bulk cargo include the limited number of pipes, weather conditions at the jetty, and quite long line distances. Third, by committing to supporting a sustainable palm oil industry, the government is adjusting export levies on CPO and its derivatives, which are then channeled back to focus on developing the people’s palm oil industry.

Crop and fruit crops are one type of zakat that must be paid. In the implementation of zakat for oil palm farmers in Suka Maju Village, East Mandiangin District, Sarolangun Regency, there are already some oil palm farmers who pay zakat for oil palm. However, some oil palm farmers do not understand agricultural zakat so they do not carry out their zakat obligations and they also think that the income they receive is small. The aim of this research is to describe the implementation of zakat from oil palm plantations and analyze the potential for zakat from oil palm plantations in Suka Maju Village, East Mandiangin District, Sarolangun Regency. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The analytical method used was Miles and Huberman's theory, namely Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data Presentation, and Conclusion and Verification. The results of the research concluded that: (1) The implementation of zakat on oil palm plantations in Suka Maju Village shows diversity in the application of the conditions, calculations and amounts of zakat issued by farmers where in its implementation, the amount of zakat issued does not show conformity with these calculations; (2) The potential for zakat from oil palm plantations in Suka Maju Village, East Mandiangin District, Sarolangun Regency based on calculations on 43,000 Kg of harvest on 43 Ha of land with a natural irrigation system is IDR. 6,950,000/month.

In the implementation of the manufacture of BioSolar or BioDiesel fuel, the government uses a hybrid concept which is by mixing diesel from petroleum with Crude Palm Oil (CPO), this policy is useful in saving the country's foreign exchange where the government reduces the amount of petroleum imports and replaces it with CPO from within the country. Because Indonesia is one of the largest CPO producing countries in the world, through this policy the government can make better use of Indonesia's natural resources. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach where researchers observe a phenomenon of increasing levels of palm oil (CPO) in current diesel fuel, namely from B30 to B35.

This research analyzes the impact of the European Union's Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) policy on Indonesia as the world's main palm oil producer. Using a qualitative method, data was obtained from scientific journals, previous studies, books, and media reports. The RED II policy that restricts the use of palm oil in biodiesel in the European Union has a significant impact on Indonesia's CPO industry, such as a decline in exports that affects foreign exchange, GDP contribution, and exchange rate stability. This article also discusses Indonesia's response, including diplomacy and sustainable palm oil promotion strategies, to maintain export stability and meet EU sustainability standards.

This study analyzes the application of production theory in the economy of East Kutai, especially in the mining and oil palm plantation sectors. The main focus is on the basic principles of production theory such as the law of diminishing returns, economies of scale, and isoquant curves, and their relevance in improving production efficiency. The study also considers the perspective of Islamic economics which emphasizes sustainability and justice in production. The results of the study indicate that the application of appropriate production theory can reduce costs and increase output, as well as support sustainable and inclusive economic growth in East Kutai.