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Hypertension is a condition characterized by elevated blood pressure, where the systolic pressure exceeds 140 mmHg and the diastolic pressure exceeds 90 mmHg. If not properly treated, hypertension can lead to severe complications, increased morbidity, and even mortality. This condition occurs when the heart works harder than usual to pump blood (systolic) and the blood flow returning to the heart (diastolic) also experiences increased pressure. One of the efforts to prevent the progression of hypertension from a primary to a secondary stage is through non-pharmacological treatments. One such treatment includes the use of natural remedies like celery leaves. Celery leaves contain active compounds such as flavonoids and potassium that are believed to help lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels and increasing the excretion of sodium through urine.This community service activity was carried out in Purwodadi Village and aimed to increase public awareness, especially among families, regarding hypertension and its non-pharmacological management using natural ingredients that are easy to find and affordable. The method used involved health education through counseling and direct demonstrations of how to prepare and consume celery leaf boiled water. Participants were actively involved in learning how to select, clean, boil, and properly consume the celery leaf water as a herbal drink.The results of the activity showed a significant improvement in community knowledge and understanding related to hypertension and the benefits of using celery leaves as a traditional remedy. It is hoped that after this activity, the local community will be able to independently apply this knowledge and routinely use boiled celery water as a preventive measure to maintain normal blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications. This effort is part of promotive and preventive health services to improve the quality of life and promote a healthy lifestyle at the village level.

Penyakit asam urat (gout) adalah gangguan metabolik yang sering dialami oleh lansia, yang dapat menyebabkan rasa sakit yang hebat, keterbatasan gerakan, serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Penyakit ini terjadi akibat penumpukan kristal asam urat di persendian, yang dapat menyebabkan peradangan dan nyeri yang parah. Faktor risiko utama termasuk pola makan yang kaya purin, obesitas, gangguan ginjal, serta penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu. Namun, banyak lansia yang kurang memahami penyebab, gejala, dan penanganan penyakit ini dengan baik, sehingga kondisi mereka seringkali memburuk. Untuk itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan lansia dalam merawat penyakit asam urat secara mandiri. Program ini diselenggarakan melalui penyuluhan kesehatan yang interaktif, dengan materi yang mencakup etiologi penyakit asam urat, manifestasi klinis, komplikasi yang dapat ditimbulkan, serta berbagai strategi pengelolaan yang efektif. Salah satu aspek penting yang dibahas adalah modifikasi gaya hidup, yang meliputi diet rendah purin, hidrasi yang cukup, serta pentingnya aktivitas fisik. Selain itu, peserta juga diberikan pemahaman mengenai pentingnya kepatuhan terhadap terapi medis yang direkomendasikan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini meliputi ceramah yang interaktif, sesi tanya jawab, dan distribusi leaflet informatif untuk memperkuat pemahaman peserta. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di wilayah RW 05 Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan, yang diikuti oleh sejumlah lansia yang aktif berpartisipasi. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman peserta tentang penyakit asam urat dan bagaimana cara merawatnya. Lansia menunjukkan antusiasme yang tinggi dan mampu mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah praktis yang dapat mereka terapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari untuk mengelola kondisi mereka. Melalui kegiatan ini, diharapkan lansia dapat lebih mandiri dalam mengelola asam urat, mengurangi frekuensi serangan, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup mereka secara keseluruhan.

Prinsip tujuh benar obat merupakan pedoman penting bagi perawat saat memberikan obat kepada pasien, meliputi benar pasien, benar obat, benar dosis, benar rute, benar waktu, benar dokumentasi, dan benar pendidikan atau informasi kesehatan. Pengetahuan yang baik mengenai prinsip ini sangat penting bagi mahasiswa keperawatan anestesiologi untuk mencegah kesalahan dalam pemberian obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh edukasi e-pocket book prinsip benar obat terhadap tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa D4 Keperawatan Anestesiologi Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah pre-experimental design dengan pendekatan one group pre-test dan post-test dengan sampel 60 mahasiswa angkatan 2023 D4 Keperawatan Anestesiologi yang dipilih secara Simple Random Sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner pengetahuan prinsip benar obat dan analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan edukasi e-pocket book terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan mahasiswa, yang dibuktikan dengan nilai p sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05). Kesimpulannya, edukasi e-pocket book efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang prinsip tujuh benar obat dan diharapkan dapat membantu saat praktik klinik di rumah sakit.

Silica gel is one of the most commonly used adsorbents in the fractionation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. This is due to its ability to separate compounds based on differences in polarity, thus simplifying the purification process of active components. Fractionation itself is a crucial step in phytochemical research, as it aims to obtain active compounds in a purer, standardized form, and ready for further testing, both biologically and pharmacologically. This study aims to review the effectiveness of silica gel in the fractionation of active compounds from various types of medicinal plants. The study was conducted through a systematic literature review method with a qualitative-descriptive approach to 35 scientific articles published in the last five years. The articles analyzed were those that presented primary data on the use of silica gel in the fractionation process of medicinal plants. The results of the study showed that silica gel was proven effective in separating various polar compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds from crude extracts of medicinal plants. Some studies have even succeeded in isolating pure compounds that have significant biological activities, such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anti-inflammatory. The effectiveness of fractionation with silica gel is influenced by several important factors, such as the type and composition of the solvent, the elution technique (gradient or isocratic), and the support of advanced analytical methods such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spectroscopy (UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR). However, the use of silica gel still has several limitations, including the relatively high solvent requirements and long elution times. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that silica gel has great potential in supporting the fractionation process and isolation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Therefore, optimization of silica gel-based fractionation techniques is important to support research and development of more efficient, standardized, and sustainable phytopharmaceutical products.

Pharmacist professionalism is a key component in ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical services, encompassing not only compliance with technical and scientific standards but also a deep commitment to moral and ethical principles. In the Indonesian cultural context, the concept of "medicine as a trust" (obat sebagai amanah) reflects a profound sense of responsibility, where medicine is viewed not merely as a commodity, but as a mandate that must be preserved with integrity and accountability in health care practices. This article conceptually explores the relationship between pharmacist professionalism and the moral value of trust within the framework of the Nusantara constitutional theory. This theory emphasizes the integration of legal, cultural, and moral dimensions in shaping professional conduct in Indonesia. Using a descriptive-critical approach through literature review, this study investigates how trust functions as both a legal expectation and a cultural imperative in the practice of pharmacy. The findings highlight that trust must be internalized as a core value in pharmaceutical services—manifested through ethical decision-making, transparency in drug management, and a commitment to prioritizing patient welfare. Pharmacists are not only required to uphold professional standards, but also to carry out their duties as custodians of public trust. To realize this vision, the integration of the value of trust into pharmacy education, legal regulations, and clinical practice is essential. Educational institutions, professional organizations, and regulatory bodies must work collaboratively to instill this value as part of a pharmacist’s identity. In doing so, the profession can contribute more effectively to building a health care system that is just, culturally grounded, and centered on the well-being of the people.

This research is motivated by the rampant circulation of repackaged products that have not been fully supervised. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the legal protection provided to consumers and the effectiveness of the role of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in conducting supervision. The purpose of this study is to determine the legal protection provided to consumers of packaged food products and to determine the extent to which BPOM carries out its role as a supervisory agency in ensuring the safety of these products. This research uses a normative legal approach with a qualitative approach, through literature study and interviews as a complement. The results show that business actors are required to re-register repackaged products in accordance with food safety regulations. This is a preventive measure to ensure that products in circulation are safe for consumption and provide effective legal protection for consumers. The findings also indicate that BPOM supervision still needs strengthening, both in terms of regulations, resources, and community outreach.  

This study explores the use of psychotropic substances, which affect the central nervous system and can alter mental functions, behavior, and individual perception. In the medical context, psychotropics have been widely utilized for treating mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms of psychotropics to optimize their therapeutic benefits while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. The study employed animal models, specifically rats, using the forced swimming test (FST) to assess the antidepressant and sedative effects of various substances, including Esilgan, Xanax, Zolmia, Syzygium malaccense leaf extract, and lelap (herbal), with NaCMC as a negative control. The results demonstrated varying sedative and antidepressant effects among the substances, with Xanax exhibiting the most significant antidepressant effect, while Syzygium malaccense leaf extract showed potential as a natural sedative agent. The study also underscores the importance of applying the 3R ethical principles (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) in animal research and highlights the need for alternative methods to reduce reliance on animal testing. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing safer, more effective, and ethical psychotropic therapies for mental disorders in the future.

Abstrak. Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and strength, particularly in postmenopausal women. Traditional plant-based therapy presents an attractive alternative given the rich local bioactive potential and limited access to pharmacological treatments. One important biochemical indicator in bone regeneration is the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of various Indonesian traditional medicinal plants as bioactive agents in the prevention of osteoporosis, with an emphasis on increasing ALP levels. This method employed a literature search by collecting several scientific articles discussing the anti-osteoporosis activity of traditional medicinal plants through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical observation studies. The results obtained show that traditional medicinal plants such as Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Black pepper (Piper nigrum), Bromelain (Ananas comosus), Papaya (Carica papaya), Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.), Veratrum nigrum, Sickle senna (Cassia tora), Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), White turmeric (Curcuma zeadoaria), and Celery (Apium graveolens) are capable of reducing the number of osteoclasts and promoting bone formation. These findings consistently demonstrate a positive role in bone health through increased ALP levels. Indonesian traditional medicinal plants hold great potential as evidence-based anti-osteoporosis agents, particularly through enhancing ALP levels and osteoblast activity. This literature review supports the development of local herbal therapy as a promotive and preventive alternative against osteoporosis.

This study proposes a hybrid approach combining Frequent Itemset Mining (FIM) and Algorithms and Genetic Algorithm for product layout optimization with a case study at PT. MPI Pharmacy. The FIM Algorithms is employed to extract association rules from 1,000 beauty product sales transactions, while the Genetic Algorithm is utilized to perform product placement based on these rules generated, with storage space constraints. Implementation results demonstrate that this hybrid approach successfully identifies 18 key association rules (support >15, confidence >80%) and proposes an optimal layout configuration model that reduces customer travel distance by 25 compared to conventional layouts used by MPI Pharmacy. The Genetic Algorithm solves complex rule-based optimization problems for product placement, which are limited by traditional market basket analysis (MBA) approaches that rely solely on association rules. This hybrid sistem not only improves pharmacy operational efficiency at PT MPI (reducing service time by 18) but also increases cross-selling opportunities by 22. Hence, inventory operations management impproved efficiently. The research findings contribute to the field of retail space optimization by effectively integrating association rule mining and evolutionary computation.  

Fever and cough are diseases that often attack humans. Fever and cough are early signs of infection of a disease that attacks the body. This qualitative study was initiated to identify the types of plants, organs used, and local wisdom inherent in the traditional medicine practices of the people of East Java Province in dealing with fever and cough. Data collection was carried out through literature survey methods and journal reviews. Data sourced from articles in the Google Scholar, Google, and ResearchGate databases were then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach.The results of the study showed that there were 9 species of plants used for fever and cough medicine, including turmeric (Curcuma domestica), lime (Citrus X aurantiifolia), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L), kencur (Kaempferia galanga), mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia), katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr), tapakliman (Elephantopus scaber), lemongrass (Adropogon nardus). The plant has certain content that can cure fever and cough. Fruit, leaves, rhizomes, and roots are parts of the plant organs that are often used by the community.

Stability testing is an important step in the development of pharmaceutical products. This testing must be conducted before the product is manufactured, whether on an industrial or non-industrial scale. Currently, liquid formulations are experiencing rapid development, one of which is suspension. Suspension itself is a liquid formulation that contains undissolved solid particles dispersed in the liquid phase. To assess the stability of suspension, various evaluations are performed such as organoleptic tests, sedimentation volume, redispersion, density, viscosity, particle size distribution, and pH measurement. Based on several studies, temperature is known to affect the stability of drugs, especially in suspension formulations. A study related to diclofenac suspension showed that at a temperature of 4°C, its stability reaches 96.3%, while at temperatures of 40°C and 60°C, there is a significant reduction in content, amounting to 89.58% and 85.17% respectively. Meanwhile, research on folic acid suspension revealed that the drug remains stable at temperatures of 4°C and 25°C, although on day 90 there was an increase in pH. Another study on cefuroxime axetil suspension showed that at a temperature of 20°C, its concentration was 87.68%, while at 5°C, it was higher at 92.35%. This research underscores the importance of considering temperature in the storage and formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions to maintain their effectiveness and stability.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan stabilitas paracetamol dalam berbagai bentuk sediaan farmasi: tablet, sirup, dan suppositoria. Stabilitas merupakan parameter penting yang memengaruhi keamanan, efektivitas, dan masa simpan suatu produk obat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental deskriptif dengan uji stabilitas dipercepat pada sampel yang disimpan dalam suhu dan kelembapan terkendali selama 3 bulan. Parameter stabilitas fisik dan kimia, seperti karakteristik organoleptik, pH, disolusi, dan kadar zat aktif, dievaluasi secara berkala. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sediaan tablet mempertahankan stabilitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sirup dan suppositoria, dengan perubahan minimal pada tampilan fisik dan kadar zat aktif. Sediaan sirup cenderung mengalami degradasi pH dan risiko kontaminasi mikroba, sementara suppositoria menunjukkan deformasi ringan dan migrasi zat aktif. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan bentuk sediaan berperan penting dalam menjamin stabilitas jangka panjang sediaan paracetamol. Penelitian ini memberikan referensi penting bagi perumusan dan penyimpanan sediaan farmasi.

Indonesia is known as a megabiodiversity country with high biological wealth, including a variety of medicinal plants that are traditionally used by various ethnic groups. One of them is the Tengger Tribe in Lumajang Regency, East Java, which until now still maintains traditional medicinal practices based on medicinal plants. This study aims to explore and document the types of medicinal plants used by the Tengger people, the parts of the plants used, the content of active compounds, efficacy, and pharmacological mechanisms of action based on scientific data. The method used is a literature study by searching for scientific articles through Google Scholar and PubMed in the period 2010–2024. The results of the exploration found at least 15 types of medicinal plants that are often used by the Tengger people, including Eucalyptus globulus, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, and Psidium guajava. These plants have active compounds such as eucalyptol, curcumin, gingerol, and quercetin which work through anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant mechanisms. Some of them have been tested preclinically and clinically to support their traditional efficacy. This study emphasizes the importance of scientific documentation and validation of local ethnobotanical knowledge as a basis for the development of phytopharmaceuticals and the preservation of traditional Indonesian health culture.

Malaria remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in endemic areas such as Keerom Regency, Papua. Efforts to control this disease face challenges due to Plasmodium resistance to synthetic drugs, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternative treatments. This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite content of several local plants traditionally used as antimalarial remedies. An experimental laboratory study was conducted using phytochemical screening methods. The plants examined included turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa), meniran leaves (Phyllanthus niruri), papaya leaves (Carica papaya), sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), and brotowali (Tinospora crispa). Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The results showed that all samples contained secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which are known for their antiplasmodial activity. Extract yields ranged from 18% to 24%, with turmeric rhizome showing the highest yield. These findings suggest that local plants from Keerom Regency hold potential as raw materials for the development of herbal antimalarial drugs. This study serves as a preliminary step for further in vitro and in vivo bioactivity testing.

Packaging plays an important role in maintaining the quality, stability, and effectiveness of medicines, both in the form of pharmaceutical preparations and herbal products. This review article aims to analyze the role of primary and secondary packaging materials through literature studies from various relevant journals. The method used was a literature review of four selected national and international journals that discussed the influence of packaging on product stability, information effectiveness, and product image in the eyes of consumers. The results of the study show that primary packaging functions to protect products directly from environmental influences, while secondary packaging functions in distribution, storage, and strengthening visual and branding aspects. Innovations such as the use of adsorbent plastics and visual redesign have been proven to increase stability and consumer confidence in the product. It can be concluded that packaging is a crucial aspect that not only maintains the physical-chemical quality of the product, but also shapes consumer perception and compliance.

Tuberculosis is still a health problem in the community, regular treatment can minimize transmission, and the combination of herbal medicine with anti-tuberculosis drugs can reduce tuberculosis symptoms. Currently, the community does not understand herbal medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. Health education is needed for information about the benefits and impacts of herbal medicine in the treatment of tuberculosis. The purpose of this community service is to provide information to families as a companion to the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. This community service uses a participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. This approach allows for active interaction with the community. This community service uses lecture and discussion methods for families at risk of tuberculosis, education is given with a time of 1 (one) meeting with a duration of 60 minutes. The media used are leaflets and booklets to make it easier for families to understand herbal medicine. The results obtained after health education were carried out were an increase in family understanding of the benefits and side effects of using herbal medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. It is hoped that health education can provide information about the use and side effects in the treatment of tuberculosis symptoms. Keywords: Health education, Herbal Medicine, Tuberculosis

TOGA (Tanaman Obat Keluarga) adalah tanaman yang ditanam di sekitar tempat tinggal oleh keluarga karena memiliki manfaat sebagai obat. Tanaman ini juga sering disebut sebagai apotek hidup. Beberapa jenis TOGA yang umum dibudidayakan meliputi empon-empon, rempah-rempah, belimbing, delima, kangkung, dan daun pepaya. Budidaya TOGA dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga, terutama dalam aspek pangan. Namun, masih banyak masyarakat yang belum menyadari pentingnya tanaman ini bagi kehidupan mereka. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya peningkatan kesadaran melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan budidaya TOGA. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memperluas pemahaman serta meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengelola tanaman obat keluarga. Program ini dilaksanakan di Desa Wonodadi, Kabupaten Blitar, dengan pendekatan berupa ceramah dan demonstrasi.

This article provides a comprehensive review of drug stability testing, specifically focusing on tablet dosage forms. It elucidates the fundamental principles, the critical role of ICH Q1 guidelines, and essential parameters evaluated during stability studies, including physical, chemical, and microbiological aspects. The discussion covers various types of stability studies, standardized storage conditions, and the interpretation of results for determining shelf life and ensuring product quality. Relevant case studies on tablet stability are also integrated to illustrate practical applications. This review aims to provide a structured overview of stability testing methodologies and their significance in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance.

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. It remains a serious public health issue in various endemic regions, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to identify the factors associated with malaria incidence and evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control programs that have been implemented. A quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational research design was used, involving secondary data from the Health Office reports and primary data collected through field surveys in the endemic area of PT. Tandan Sawita Papua, Keerom Regency. The results showed that malaria incidence is associated with the use of mosquito nets and the use of mosquito repellents. The study concludes that an integrated approach to malaria control is essential, including community education, environmental improvements, and sustainable health policy support.

The management of pharmaceutical and medical waste, particularly expired or damaged drugs, remains a challenge across various healthcare facilities. A study at Grade II R. W. Mongisidi Hospital in Manado showed a 76% compliance rate with the Ministry of Health’s 2021 guidelines, while Mamuju Regional Hospital failed to meet the standards outlined in Regulation No. 1204/2004. In community pharmacies in East Bandung, most facilities disposed of drugs independently, with only 59.6% following proper waste management procedures. These findings highlight the need for improved supervision, education, and adherence to standardized guidelines to minimize the negative impacts on health and the environment.