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Non-formal institutions, such as farmer groups, play a strategic role in increasing farmer capacity and strengthening agricultural production systems at the village level. This study aims to analyze the role, function, and institutional dynamics of the Bina Satu Farmer Group in supporting tomato farmers in Parabubu Village, Mego District. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the Bina Satu Farmer Group serves as a learning platform, a collaborative unit, and a liaison between farmers and external institutions. This institution functions in disseminating information on tomato cultivation technology, strengthening access to production inputs, and enhancing farmers' bargaining power in marketing. However, several weaknesses were identified, such as low member participation in routine meetings and limited managerial skills among administrators. Overall, the existence of this farmer group has significantly contributed to increasing the knowledge, productivity, and independence of tomato farmers in Parabubu Village.

This study aims to analyze the political strategies used by the candidate pair for Regent and Vice Regent of Malaka, Stefanus Bria Seran and Hendri Melki Simu (SBS-HMS), in winning the 2024 Regional Head Election (Pilkada) in Malaka Regency. This research is based on the local political phenomenon in which the SBS-HMS pair successfully gained broad public support through effective political communication and political marketing approaches. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out using Firmansyah’s (2012) Political Marketing Theory, which includes three main aspects: political segmentation, political targeting, and political positioning. The findings reveal that the political strategy of the SBS-HMS pair was implemented systematically through voter segmentation based on socioeconomic backgrounds such as farmers, fishermen, youth, and women. The main campaign target focused on grassroots communities with strong loyalty. Meanwhile, the political positioning of the SBS-HMS pair was built through an image of experienced leadership, closeness to the people, and a strong commitment to regional development in Malaka. The conclusion of this study is that the success of the SBS-HMS pair in the 2024 Malaka Pilkada cannot be separated from well-planned political and communication strategies, grounded in community needs, and strengthened by an emotional connection between the candidates and voters.

Corn production in the provinces of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) exhibits dynamics influenced by agro-climatic factors, the utilization of production facilities, and the welfare condition of the farmers. This study aims to analyze the impact of rainfall, solar radiation, and production inputs on corn productivity; to explain the relationship between production changes and the Farmer’s Exchange Rate (NTP) as a welfare indicator; and to evaluate the contribution of the corn subsector to the agricultural Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The research method uses a descriptive-quantitative approach based on BPS data and official local government documents. The results indicate that NTB has more stable productivity due to relatively even rainfall and better support for production facilities, whereas NTT faces higher production fluctuations due to greater climate variability. Furthermore, the NTP in NTB tends to be better than in NTT, aligning with the stability of its productivity. Corn contributes significantly to the agricultural GRDP in both provinces, particularly in central production areas such as Dompu and Bima. Policy implications include the necessity for strengthening post-harvest infrastructure, more equitable input distribution, and climate adaptation strategies in drought-prone areas. The findings provide an empirical basis for sustainable productivity improvement and farmer welfare policies.

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the income levels of pineapple farmers in Siabal-Abal V Village, Sipahutar Subdistrict, North Tapanuli Regency. The research focuses on several key variables, namely land size, production quantity, production tools, and farming experience, which are presumed to be associated with farmers’ income. A quantitative research approach was employed, using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of each variable on the income of pineapple farmers. The population of this study comprised all pineapple farmers in Siabal-Abal V Village, with a sample of 65 respondents selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews and structured questionnaires designed in accordance with the research objectives. The results of the data analysis indicate that, simultaneously, land size, production quantity, production tools, and farming experience have a significant effect on the income of pineapple farmers. However, the partial test results reveal that only land size has a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income. Meanwhile, production quantity, production tools, and farming experience do not show a statistically significant influence. These findings indicate that land size is the dominant factor in determining the income level of pineapple farmers in the study area. Therefore, improving access to agricultural land or optimizing the utilization of existing land is an important strategy for increasing the income of pineapple farmers in Siabal-Abal V Village.

The purpose of this activity is to socialize the implementation of biosecurity as an effort to prevent disease in cattle in Luhulely Village, Pulau Letti District, Southwest Maluku Regency. This activity was carried out using a socialization method involving beef cattle farmers and all Luhulely Village staff. The implementation of the activity was divided into 2 sessions, namely a material presentation session and an interactive discussion session. Some general steps in implementing biosecurity include the following: access management, animal movement control, cleanliness and sanitation, waste management, animal health monitoring, and vaccination. This socialization activity was attended by approximately 20 participants consisting of beef cattle farmers and several Luhulely Village staff. Several important things that can be concluded from the implementation of this activity are as follows: the majority of farmers showed an increased understanding of the importance of biosecurity after participating in the socialization, the farmers expressed their readiness to implement various biosecurity measures, such as quarantine of new livestock, waste management, and provision of adequate sanitation facilities in the livestock area, and several farmers requested further assistance regarding the implementation of more detailed biosecurity, including correct livestock vaccination techniques. The conclusion of this activity is that the socialization of biosecurity implementation on cattle farms is expected to increase farmers' awareness and understanding of maintaining livestock health and preventing disease transmission. Through proper biosecurity implementation, it is hoped that healthy, more productive, and sustainable livestock conditions will be created.

This community service activity aims to strengthen the institutional capacity of the Muaro Saiyo Farmers Group through the integration of entrepreneurial independence and sustainable irrigation management. The main issues faced by the group are the weakness of the organizational structure, low entrepreneurial skills, and poorly coordinated irrigation management. The implementation methods include field surveys, socialization, thematic training (institutional management, post-harvest processing, and sustainable irrigation), mentoring, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests to measure changes in knowledge. The results of the activity show a significant increase in participants' knowledge, which improved from 25.9% in the "good" category before the training to 88.9% after the training. In addition, the group formed administrative documents, value-added rice products, and a trained irrigation management team. This program successfully created social changes in the form of new norms in farm management, strengthened the culture of mutual cooperation, and fostered the emergence of local leaders capable of mobilizing the group. Future recommendations include the development of more sustainable farming business units and continuous mentoring to strengthen the group's independence in the long term.

Rubber prices experience significant and prolonged fluctuations, which impact farmer incomes and management decisions. Understanding historical patterns and price predictions is considered crucial for production planning, marketing, and farmer protection policies. This study aims to identify the characteristics of rubber price time series in Lahat Regency and develop a reliable forecasting model to support short- to medium-term decision-making. This study uses secondary data on monthly average producer prices for the period January 2019–December 2023. The analysis includes the Augmented Dickey–Fuller stationarity test to determine the need for transformation, differencing, and/or logarithmic transformation when necessary, identification of autocorrelation patterns using ACF/PACF, model estimation on the processed data, and evaluation of residual diagnostics (Ljung–Box, normality test) and forecasting accuracy metrics (RMSE, MAE, MAPE, Theil). The level data shows non-stationarity and becomes stationary after the first differencing; The model on log-transformed data had significant parameters and higher explanatory power than the model on de-differenced data, with RMSE and MAPE values ​​within a reasonable range. Forecast confidence intervals widened at longer time horizons, indicating increased projection uncertainty. Conclusion: Validated forecasts can inform farmers and policymakers to manage price risk and design market interventions.

Crystal guava has a promising market potential due to its relatively high demand, especially in various supermarkets—both in small towns and major cities across Indonesia—and its selling price is relatively stable. Crystal guava has several advantages compared to other guava varieties, including a fresher and sweeter taste, a crunchy texture, thick flesh, and being almost seedless. It is relatively easy to cultivate, has a high harvesting frequency, and tends to bear fruit throughout the year regardless of the season. Therefore, farmers in Karanggondo Village, Tegalsari District, Banyuwangi Regency, have begun cultivating it as a monoculture crop since 2012. Considering this situation, it is deemed interesting to conduct research on the financial feasibility of a Crystal guava plantation investment project under a monoculture system per hectare in Banyuwangi Regency. The research results show that the investment project is financially “feasible.” However, if production volume and product price decrease by up to 48.96%, and variable operating costs increase by up to 79.02%, while other factors remain constant, the Crystal guava monoculture plantation investment project per hectare in Banyuwangi Regency becomes financially “unfeasible.” Among these factors, the decline in production volume and selling price are found to be relatively “more sensitive” in influencing the project’s financial feasibility.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of natural resource management, particularly water and soil, in increasing agricultural production in Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research approach used was descriptive qualitative through field observations, in-depth interviews with farmers and village officials, and documentation studies from relevant agencies. The results indicate that the irrigation system in Sampali Village is not operating effectively, characterized by shallowing of canals, damaged irrigation walls, and blockages that cause uneven water distribution. This condition has a significant impact on crop yields, with a difference in production between upstream and downstream areas reaching 1.9 tons/ha. Furthermore, soil quality has also declined due to the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, as indicated by a soil pH that tends to be acidic (5.4–6.0), low organic matter content (1.2–1.8%), and decreased soil biological activity. Factors influencing the effectiveness of water and soil management include technical, environmental, socio-economic, and institutional aspects. This study concludes that natural resource management in Sampali Village is still suboptimal, necessitating improvements to irrigation infrastructure, increased use of organic fertilizers, and institutional strengthening and farmer mentoring. These efforts are expected to support sustainable agricultural productivity gains.  

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood pumped by the heart against the walls of the arteries. Abnormalities in blood pressure can take the form of high blood pressure or hypertension and low blood pressure or hypotension. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and sufferers often do not show any symptoms. This community service activity aimed to examine the results of blood pressure measurements among inmates at the Class IIB Detention Center in Masohi City. This study used a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach. There were 95 inmates who participated in this activity. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods to describe the blood pressure measurement results based on demographic data such as age, gender, education level, occupation, height, and weight. The results showed that most respondents were in the 20-30 age range (44.2%) and male (91.6%). The level of education shows that most respondents only completed high school (54.7%) and the majority worked as farmers (30.5%). Anthropometric characteristics in terms of height show that most respondents were between 140-160 cm (47.4%) and weighed between 51-60 kg (43.2%). The distribution of blood pressure shows that most respondents are in the pre-hypertension (40%), normal (29.5%), grade 1 hypertension (17.9%), and grade 2 hypertension (10.5%). Therefore, routine blood pressure checks need to be carried out so that inmates in detention centers can avoid hypertension, which can be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

This research program aimed to improve farmers’ understanding of the Jajar Legowo rice planting system and to analyze the factors influencing their perceptions. The program was conducted with the Sukatani Farmer Group in Tukdana Village, Indramayu Regency, using a mixed-method approach that combined observation, interviews, and questionnaires with 30 farmers. The results showed that farmers’ knowledge of the Jajar Legowo system was relatively low (54.17%), while their attitude was in the moderate category (58.92%). Correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.672), which together shaped farmers’ perceptions of the system. Further analysis indicated that only land area had a significant influence on farmers’ perceptions, while age and education level showed no significant effect. Qualitative findings also revealed that farmers’ perceptions were influenced by direct farming experience, agricultural extension activities, institutional support, and social influence from leading farmers. Based on these findings, efforts to increase the adoption of the Jajar Legowo planting system require participatory extension strategies, hands-on demonstrations, and strengthened farmer group involvement.

Muaro Jambi Regency is one of the main centers of smallholder oil palm plantations that plays an important role in the economy of Jambi Province through its contribution to crude palm oil (CPO) exports and tax revenues. This study aims to analyze farmer characteristics and the effects of land area (X1), plant age (X2), forest and land fire impacts (X3), labor (X4), and fertilizer use (X5) on the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of smallholder oil palm in Kumpeh District. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with primary data collected through a survey of 139 respondents and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 25. The results show that the average characteristics of farmers include an age of 44 years, an average of 2 dependents, land area of 2 hectares, plant age of 10 years, high fire impact scores, labor use of 2 workers, fertilizer use of 1,120 kg, and production of 20,000 kg. The regression results indicate that land area, plant age, and fertilizer use have a significant effect on production, while labor and forest and land fires do not have a significant effect on smallholder oil palm production.

This study aims to improve the welfare of curly red chili farmers in Tanjung Seteko Village through the innovation of processing fresh chili into chili oil. The background of this research lies in the low added value of fresh chili and frequent price fluctuations that cause unstable farmer incomes. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages, with purposive sampling covering farmers, farmer group members, housewives, and village officials. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The results indicate that processing chili into chili oil can extend shelf life up to 1–2 months at room temperature and more than 6 months under refrigeration, reduce harvest losses by 30–40%, and significantly increase economic value compared to selling fresh chili. A single production process using 5 kg of curly red chili yields 16 liters of chili oil with an estimated selling price of IDR 1.500.000-2.000.000 per production cycle, showing that simple processing activities can provide substantial added value for farmers. Beyond economic benefits, this innovation strengthens community empowerment by improving processing skills, encouraging economic independence, promoting participation in value-added businesses, and reinforcing local economic resilience. The social impacts also include youth and women empowerment and broader opportunities for local product–based entrepreneurship. The study recommends continuous capacity development, digital marketing strategies, and ongoing mentoring to optimize farmer welfare. Therefore, processing curly red chili into chili oil is a strategic solution to enhance income, skills, and sustainable rural economic development.

This study aims to improve the welfare of curly red chili farmers in Tanjung Seteko Village through the innovation of processing fresh chili into chili oil. The background of this research lies in the low added value of fresh chili and frequent price fluctuations that cause unstable farmer incomes. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages, with purposive sampling covering farmers, farmer group members, housewives, and village officials. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The results indicate that processing chili into chili oil can extend shelf life up to 1–2 months at room temperature and more than 6 months under refrigeration, reduce harvest losses by 30–40%, and significantly increase economic value compared to selling fresh chili. A single production process using 5 kg of curly red chili yields 16 liters of chili oil with an estimated selling price of IDR 1.500.000-2.000.000 per production cycle, showing that simple processing activities can provide substantial added value for farmers. Beyond economic benefits, this innovation strengthens community empowerment by improving processing skills, encouraging economic independence, promoting participation in value-added businesses, and reinforcing local economic resilience. The social impacts also include youth and women empowerment and broader opportunities for local product–based entrepreneurship. The study recommends continuous capacity development, digital marketing strategies, and ongoing mentoring to optimize farmer welfare. Therefore, processing curly red chili into chili oil is a strategic solution to enhance income, skills, and sustainable rural economic development.

Political communication is a process of conveying political messages involving political actors, government, power, and various activities within the political system. As a branch of communication science, political communication focuses on how political messages are constructed, delivered, received, and interpreted by the public, as well as how these processes influence public opinion and political decision-making. In the context of this study, the optimization of the village head’s political communication in developing th Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) can be seen through the policy directions undertaken, such as providing training for livestock farmers particularly goat farming and managing village deliberation meetings (musdes) that support the sustainability of BUMDes programs. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method conducted in Laweyan Village, Sumberasih Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Dan Nimmo’s political communication theory serves as the analytical framework. The findings indicate that the Laweyan Village Government consistently strives to improve the community’s economy through the development of BUMDes, particularly in the agricultural and livestock sectors. Innovations carried out by the village government and BUMDes management, especially within the goat farming unit, have significantly contributed to the progress and sustainability of the enterprise.

This study aims to analyze various factors influencing the decisions of tobacco farmers in Wuluhan District, Jember Regency, in using the tebasan (bulk sale before harvest), and how this is viewed from the perspective of Islamic economics. The variables examined include income, farming experience, education level, and the perspective of Islamic economics, whose influence on selling decisions was tested using a quantitative approach through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS software. The results of the study show that: Income, farming experience, and education do not have a direct significant effect on the decision to sell tobacco .However, these three variables have an indirect effect through the variable of the Islamic economic perspective.The Islamic economic perspective is proven to play a significant role as a mediating variable, influencing farmers' decisions to sell tobacco. In practice, the tebasan system does offer efficiency and certainty for farmers, but it contains elements of uncertainty (gharar) that must be critically reviewed in the context of Islamic sales law.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of agricultural extension policy in empowering shallot farmers in Rejoso Village, Nganjuk Regency. The background of this research is based on the importance of agricultural extension as a public policy instrument that functions to enhance farmers’ knowledge, skills, and independence. Although extension programs have been routinely implemented, their effectiveness needs to be evaluated to ensure that the policy truly addresses the needs and problems faced by farmers in the field.This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed thematically using data reduction, data presentation, and inductive conclusion-drawing techniques. Data validity was tested through source and method triangulation. The results show that the agricultural extension policy in Rejoso Village is considered effective based on the five indicators of public policy effectiveness proposed by Riant Nugroho, namely accurate policy, accurate implementers, accurate targets, supportive environment, and proper process. The extension materials are relevant to farmers’ needs, the implementers possess adequate technical competence, and the program successfully reaches active shallot farmers. A strong socio-institutional environment, supported by farmer associations, contributes to effective implementation, although ecological challenges such as extreme weather and pest attacks remain. The extension process is systematic and participatory, covering stages of planning, implementation, assistance, and evaluation. Overall, the agricultural extension policy in Rejoso Village has improved the capacity and independence of shallot farmers. However, strengthening the number of extension workers, digitalizing evaluation systems, and providing entrepreneurship training are necessary to ensure the sustainability of policy effectiveness.

This study aims to analyze the influence of fertilizer prices and selling prices on the sustainability of apple farming, with apple quality serving as a mediating variable. The research was conducted in Andonosari Village, Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency, which is one of the main apple-producing areas in East Java. A quantitative approach with path analysis techniques was employed to determine both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. Data were collected from 96 apple farmers using structured questionnaires. The findings indicate that fertilizer prices do not have a direct effect on the sustainability of apple farming. However, fertilizer prices significantly affect apple quality, which in turn indirectly influences the sustainability of farming activities. Meanwhile, selling prices have a significant direct impact on both apple quality and the sustainability of apple farming. These results demonstrate that apple quality acts as an important mediating factor between fertilizer prices and selling prices in maintaining sustainable farming practices. Therefore, improving apple quality is a key strategy to strengthen the sustainability of apple farming, especially in facing the challenges of fluctuating fertilizer and market prices. This study provides useful insights for policymakers and farmers in developing strategies to enhance productivity and sustainability in apple agribusiness.

This community service program aims to enhance the English communication skills of strawberry farmers in Pancasari Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, as an effort to strengthen tourism competitiveness through agrotourism. The activity was carried out through practical English training using a participatory and context-based approach that reflects the farmers’ real communication needs. The training consisted of two main stages: a classroom session employing the role-play method and a field practice session held directly at the strawberry farm with the involvement of local tourists and student assistants. The training materials covered daily expressions commonly used in interactions with visitors, including greetings, product explanation, offering activities, and basic transaction language. The primary learning media were a bilingual communication booklet and situational training modules, both developed from the results of a prior needs analysis. The evaluation results showed a significant improvement in the participants’ English communication abilities. Based on the pre-test and post-test results, the average improvement reached 43%, particularly in speaking confidence, vocabulary mastery, and fluency. Participants also demonstrated increased enthusiasm and professionalism when interacting with tourists in English. This program proves that practical and role-play–based training is effective in developing both linguistic competence and communicative confidence among local farmers. It also strengthens their role as tourism actors who contribute to the sustainable development of the Pancasari agrotourism area.

Banyoneng Laok Village, Geger District, Bangkalan Regency, has great potential to be improved both in the human resources and natural resources sectors, in the human resources sector, many village residents have received education up to high school level and even college, while in the natural resources sector, the majority of residents earn a living as farmers and livestock breeders, but when the dry season arrives they experience difficulties both as farmers and as livestock breeders in meeting their daily needs so that some residents have to choose to migrate out of town or even abroad. The purpose of this community service is to provide education and practice in making pavin and fermenting animal feed to overcome these problems. The method used in this service is participatory action research (PAR) for a full month at the service partner of Banyoneng Laok Village, Geger District, Bangkalan Regency, by directly engaging with the local community. The results of this service are that the community can make their own faving and become a side income and also the community can process animal feed to be more durable and of high quality by fermentation in order to meet the need for animal feed during the dry season.