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Leadership constitutes a critical determinant of organizational efficiency, yet the relationship between leadership styles and administrative effectiveness remains incompletely understood, particularly across different institutional contexts. This comparative study examines how transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles influence administrative efficiency in public and private sector institutions in Indonesia. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were collected from 428 employees across 28 public institutions and 24 private organizations through validated survey instruments; qualitative data were gathered through 36 semi-structured interviews with organizational leaders and managers. Results reveal significant positive relationships between transformational leadership and administrative efficiency in both sectors (β = 0.54, p < 0.001 for public; β = 0.48, p < 0.001 for private), with transactional leadership showing moderate positive effects (β = 0.32 public; β = 0.38 private) and laissez-faire leadership demonstrating negative relationships (β = −0.28 public; β = −0.24 private). Leadership styles collectively explain 52% of efficiency variance. Mediation analysis reveals that organizational culture (28%), employee engagement (35%), and trust in leadership (22%) partially mediate transformational leadership's effects, together accounting for 62% of total indirect effects. Sector differences emerged qualitatively: transformational leadership leverages public service motivation in public institutions, while transactional leadership's performance accountability resonates more strongly in private organizations. The study contributes theoretical understanding of leadership effectiveness across institutional contexts and provides practical guidance for developing contextually appropriate leadership development programs.

This community service activity aims to analyze the effectiveness of Time and Motion Study in the production process at PT. Adis Dimension Footwear and provide recommendations for improving work methods. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that implementing Time and Motion Study can enhance work time efficiency, optimize operator movements, and increase productivity by up to 15%. Reducing unnecessary movements, optimizing workflow, and training operators significantly improve production performance. The success of this method depends heavily on socialization, training, and management support. These findings confirm that Time and Motion Study serves not only as a tool for measuring time and movements but also as a strategic instrument for improving efficiency, reducing waste, and increasing overall productivity.

The Uninhabitable House Rehabilitation Program (RTLH) is a government policy aimed at improving the quality of housing for low-income communities while simultaneously supporting the acceleration of the eradication of extreme poverty. Although it has been implemented in various regions, the implementation of the RTLH program has shown varying achievements, thus requiring a comprehensive evaluation. This study aims to analyze the evaluation of the RTLH Program in Indonesia based on William N. Dunn's six policy evaluation indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of scientific articles discussing the evaluation of the RTLH Program in various regions. The analysis was conducted by reviewing previous research findings based on the six policy evaluation indicators. The results of the study indicate that the RTLH Program is able to improve the quality of community housing and has received a positive response from beneficiaries. However, its implementation still faces obstacles such as budget limitations, equal distribution of beneficiaries, and data updates. Therefore, strengthening funding, data collection, and coordination between stakeholders is needed for more optimal and sustainable program implementation.

In the era of digital transformation, the utilization of information technology in business activities has become an important factor in improving operational efficiency and effectiveness. Dzikri Baby Shop, a business engaged in the sale of baby equipment, still faces challenges in managing sales transactions and inventory manually, which may lead to recording errors, process delays, and less optimal customer service. This study aims to design and develop a sales information system for Dzikri Baby Shop to support digital transformation in its business processes. The system development method used in this research is Rapid Application Development (RAD), as it enables software to be developed in a relatively short time through an iterative approach and active user involvement. The system developed includes product data management, sales transaction processing, inventory control, and report generation. The testing results using the Black Box Testing method show that all system features function in accordance with user requirements. Therefore, the implementation of this sales information system is expected to improve operational efficiency, accelerate transaction processes, minimize errors in data management, and enhance the quality of customer service.

The management of essential drug inventory is a strategic component of hospital pharmaceutical services because it directly influences service continuity, cost efficiency, and the overall quality of healthcare delivery. Poor inventory control can result in excessive stock accumulation, increased risk of drug expiration, inefficient budget utilization, and potential drug shortages that may compromise patient care. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of essential drug inventory control at Pekerja General Hospital by applying the ABC-VEN, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), and Reorder Point (ROP) methods. It also examines differences in inventory management efficiency between 2024 and 2025 based on inventory value, cost of goods sold (COGS), and Inventory Turnover Ratio (ITOR). A mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design was used. Quantitative analysis involved a paired sample t-test comparing inventory data from 2024–2025, while qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically using NVivo. The findings reveal a significant improvement in inventory management in 2025 (p < 0.05), reflected in reduced inventory value and COGS, along with an increased ITOR. However, the implementation of ABC-VEN, EOQ, and ROP methods has not been fully integrated, and challenges such as limited human resources and procurement bureaucracy persist.In conclusion, although inventory control became more efficient in 2025, further integration of inventory methods and strengthening of human resource capacity are necessary to ensure sustainable improvements.

This community service activity aims to improve the effectiveness of clean water distribution management through the implementation of a Water Level Control (WLC) system as an automatic control for water pumps and three-phase motors at a regional drinking water supply company in Lamongan. The methods employed include field observation, problem identification, system design and implementation, as well as periodic evaluation of system performance. The activity focuses on the water treatment unit by conducting control and monitoring of operational parameters such as frequency (Hz), pump pressure, and flow stability to ensure optimal water distribution according to consumer needs. The results indicate that the implementation of the WLC system enhances operational efficiency, minimizes human error, and supports more structured and sustainable equipment maintenance. In addition, this activity contributes to improving the knowledge and technical skills of personnel in operating, monitoring, and maintaining automated control systems. In managing automation-based technology in a professional and independent manner, human resource capacity is strengthened, while the quality of clean water services is also improved through this community service program.

This study aims to design and develop a web-based waste collection scheduling system using PHP and MySQL at the Environmental Agency of West Sumba Regency. The main problem faced is that the scheduling process is still carried out manually, resulting in inefficiency, susceptibility to errors, and difficulties in monitoring and reporting. The system development method used is the Waterfall model, which includes requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance stages. The developed system provides features for managing data on personnel, regions, vehicles, and structured waste collection scheduling. In addition, the system is equipped with notification features, schedule monitoring, and performance reporting that can be accessed by management. The results of this study indicate that the system improves effectiveness and efficiency in scheduling processes and facilitates supervision of waste collection activities. Therefore, the implementation of this system is expected to optimize and organize waste management in West Sumba Regency.

This study aims to design and develop a waste complaint information system at the Environmental Agency of West Sumba Regency to improve the effectiveness of public services. The current problem lies in the manual complaint process, which leads to delays in handling reports, poor data documentation, and limited service transparency. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The system development adopts the Waterfall method, which consists of requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance stages. The system is modeled using Unified Modeling Language (UML), including use case diagrams, activity diagrams, and sequence diagrams to provide a structured representation of the system. This approach is considered effective as it ensures a systematic and well-organized development process. The results indicate that the developed system facilitates the public in submitting complaints online and assists the agency in managing complaint data in an integrated manner. Furthermore, the system enhances response time, transparency, and service efficiency. Therefore, this waste complaint information system can serve as a technological solution to improve the quality of public services.

The effectiveness of public sector organizations in delivering quality services and achieving their mandates depends critically on how they manage their human resources. This study examines the relationship between strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices and organizational performance in Indonesian public sector organizations. Employing a mixed-methods research design, data were collected from 312 public sector managers and HR professionals across 45 government agencies through surveys and 32 in-depth interviews. The research investigates five key SHRM dimensions: strategic recruitment and selection, performance management systems, employee development and training, compensation and rewards, and employee engagement. Findings reveal significant positive relationships between SHRM practices and multiple performance indicators including service quality, operational efficiency, employee productivity, and organizational innovation. Regression analysis demonstrates that SHRM practices collectively explain 47.3% of variance in organizational performance scores. Qualitative data illuminate implementation challenges including limited HR professional capacity, rigid civil service regulations, political interference, and resistance to performance-based management. The study identifies critical success factors such as top management commitment, alignment between HR strategy and organizational strategy, investment in HR analytics capabilities, and cultural transformation toward merit-based practices. Results indicate that high-performing public organizations distinguish themselves through systematic talent management, data-driven HR decision-making, continuous learning cultures, and stronger linkages between individual performance and organizational outcomes. This research contributes empirical evidence on SHRM effectiveness in public sector contexts and provides actionable recommendations for HR practitioners and policymakers seeking to leverage human capital for improved public service delivery.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of leadership education and training on organizational service effectiveness within the Tambrauw Regency Government, Papua. Leadership training is an important instrument in developing the competencies of Civil Servants to enhance leadership capacity, managerial skills, and public service quality. However, its implementation needs evaluation to determine its impact on organizational performance and service effectiveness. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The analytical framework applied is the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model, covering reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Data collection was conducted through documentation studies, policy analysis, and literature review on civil servant development and public services. The results indicate that leadership training has a positive impact on improving civil servant competencies and service effectiveness. At the reaction level, participants showed high satisfaction with training materials and methods. At the learning level, there was improvement in leadership knowledge and skills. At the behavior level, participants demonstrated more professional work attitudes, better coordination, and improved decision-making. At the results level, training contributed to improved service quality, efficiency, and innovation. However, challenges remain, including limited resources, hierarchical bureaucratic culture, and weak policy support. Therefore, strong local government commitment is needed to enhance training quality and organizational support. This study contributes to public administration research and offers practical insights for policy development.

This study aims to evaluate the quality of public services at the Department of Population and Civil Registration of West Sumba Regency following the implementation of digitalization through the use of electronic signatures. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method to identify gaps between the level of importance and service performance. The results indicate that, overall, service quality can be categorized as fairly good, as reflected by performance levels that are relatively close to public expectations. However, several service attributes remain in the priority quadrant, particularly in terms of system usability, service stability, and accessibility. Meanwhile, attributes such as service speed, data security, and staff responsiveness demonstrate satisfactory performance and should be maintained. These findings suggest that the implementation of electronic signatures has improved service efficiency and effectiveness, although further improvements are still required, particularly in technical aspects and system usability. Therefore, continuous improvement efforts are necessary to enhance public service quality, making it more responsive and oriented toward user satisfaction.

The increasing demands of global trade, the risk of transboundary diseases, and the stringency of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards require a more integrated, transparent, and risk-based national quarantine system. The partial readiness of digital systems and traceability mechanisms has the potential to weaken Indonesia’s food security and export competitiveness toward the vision of Golden Indonesia 2045. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the quarantine system in national development, identify institutional and technical root problems, and formulate the most concrete and feasible policy alternatives. The method used is policy analysis with a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach to compare several solution alternatives based on effectiveness, efficiency, technical aspects, and political feasibility. The results indicate that the digital transformation of the national quarantine system based on traceability and risk-based intelligence is the most superior policy option, as it can simultaneously address data fragmentation, improve service efficiency, and strengthen biosecurity surveillance. This study recommends the development of a Quarantine Super App, full implementation of e-certification, integration with the National Logistics Ecosystem and Customs, and the strengthening of an artificial intelligence-based risk profiling system. Gradual implementation accompanied by performance indicator-based evaluation is key to the success of the policy in enhancing national food security and export competitiveness.

Ship berthing and departure planning is one of the crucial aspects in supporting the operational effectiveness of shipping companies. This study aims to analyze the important role of planners in ship berthing and departure activities in supporting marketing activities at PT. Nusantara Pasifik Sentosa Belawan. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach through observation and documentation study. The findings indicate that well-planned and coordinated ship berthing and departure activities provide a significant contribution to customer satisfaction, delivery punctuality, and the company’s image in the eyes of business partners. Effective planning also helps the company maintain service reliability and improve operational efficiency in port activities. However, several obstacles were identified, including lack of coordination between departments, limited information flow, and schedule disruptions caused by external factors such as weather conditions and port congestion. These challenges can affect the smoothness of operational activities and indirectly influence the company’s marketing performance. Therefore, strategies are required to improve human resource competencies, enhance digital communication systems, and strengthen cross-sector collaboration. With a well-structured planning system, PT.Nusantara Pasifik Sentosa is expected to improve its service quality and increase its competitiveness in the national shipping industry.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies of maternal and child healthcare services in hospitals to enhance patient experience, emphasizing a shift from traditional promotional approaches toward the creation of a positive and empathetic patient experience. This research employs a systematic literature review of relevant studies published between 2021 and 2025, with analysis conducted through identification, selection, and thematic synthesis to determine key factors influencing patient satisfaction and loyalty. The findings indicate that the quality of interpersonal interactions and the efficiency of service processes are the primary determinants of patient experience, where factors such as staff empathy, clear communication, reduced waiting times, and well-structured service flows have a greater impact than the technical aspects of medical care. Hospitals should therefore prioritize people- and process-oriented strategies by implementing empathy training, enhancing communication effectiveness, and regularly measuring patient satisfaction, while also integrating digital services, ensuring cost transparency, and developing continuity of care programs to strengthen the patient experience holistically. This study proposes a holistic marketing framework that integrates empathy, efficiency, data-driven personalization, and environmental sustainability, highlighting a shift from a purely clinical orientation to an experiential marketing approach that places human values at the core of a hospital’s competitive advantage.

Tourism regulations play a critical role in shaping destination competitiveness and influencing tourist travel decisions, yet empirical evidence on their effectiveness across different institutional contexts remains limited. This study investigates the impact of tourism regulations on tourist visit performance through a comparative quantitative analysis of Indonesia and Singapore. Using panel data covering the period 2010–2023, this research employs a fixed-effects regression model to examine the relationship between regulatory quality and tourist arrivals, while controlling for economic conditions and transport infrastructure. The findings reveal that tourism regulations have a positive and statistically significant effect on tourist visit performance in both countries. However, the magnitude of the effect is substantially stronger in Singapore, indicating higher regulatory efficiency and institutional effectiveness in translating policy interventions into tourism demand. These results support institutional and tourism demand theories, emphasizing that regulatory quality, rather than regulatory volume, is a key determinant of tourism performance. The study contributes to the tourism policy literature by providing cross-national empirical evidence on regulatory impacts and highlighting the importance of governance capacity in tourism development. From a policy perspective, the findings suggest that countries should prioritize regulatory coherence, administrative efficiency, and adaptive governance to enhance tourism competitiveness and resilience.

The development of information technology has significantly transformed government administration, enhancing public service efficiency and effectiveness. However, many local government offices still manage population administration manually, leading to delays and data inaccuracies. This community service activity aims to enhance the capacity of Pematang Gubernur Village staff in managing digital-based population administration through the implementation of OpenSID. A qualitative approach was used, consisting of several stages: preparation, socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation. The results demonstrated that OpenSID facilitated the digitalization of population data, improving the staff's ability to manage administrative services. During the mentoring process, the staff learned to use the system for daily tasks such as managing population data and issuing administrative letters more efficiently. As a result, the village staff were able to deliver faster and more accurate services. This initiative marks the beginning of digital transformation in population administration at the village level, contributing to a more streamlined and effective service delivery system. Overall, the activity not only improved administrative efficiency but also empowered the village staff with the skills necessary for future digital advancements.

Public service plays a fundamental role in fulfilling citizens’ rights and needs within modern governance systems. The increasing complexity of social, economic, and technological changes has encouraged the transformation of public administration paradigms. This study aims to analyze the evolution of public service paradigms from Old Public Administration to Network Governance, identify the key characteristics of each paradigm, and explain the shift in values and the role of the state in public service delivery. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by examining various academic sources related to public administration theories and public service governance. The analysis was conducted through content analysis and comparative analysis to identify conceptual developments and paradigm differences in public administration. The results indicate that public service paradigms have evolved from hierarchical and rule-based governance toward more collaborative and participatory governance models. Old Public Administration emphasizes bureaucratic hierarchy and administrative control, New Public Management focuses on efficiency and performance-based management, while New Public Service highlights citizen participation and democratic values. The most recent paradigm, Network Governance, promotes collaboration among government, private sector, and civil society in addressing complex public issues. These findings suggest that contemporary public administration increasingly adopts a hybrid governance approach that integrates elements of various paradigms to enhance the effectiveness and responsiveness of public service delivery.

This study aims to analyze news texts on the online news portal IDN Times. In addition, the study aims to identify various syntactic errors in the news texts on the portal, including non-standard sentence structures, the use of loanwords, ambiguous sentences, inappropriate diction, and low word efficiency, thereby providing an overview of the language quality and presentation of information in the online media. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with a syntactic framework as the theoretical foundation. The researcher obtained data by reading several relevant references and recording information that could be used as data. Therefore, the reading and note-taking technique was used in this study. The data in this study consisted of news texts from the online news portal IDN Times, edition 2025. The data analysis method employed is the distributional method. The researcher analyzed the texts by identifying sentences that did not conform to syntactic rules and assessed the suitability of the texts as proper and accurate news texts. The results revealed various syntactic errors, including errors in sentence structure, diction, punctuation, sentence effectiveness, loanword usage, and conjunction usage. How ever, the findings indicate that although some syntactic errors were found, the news texts on the portal generally have a relatively good and coherent structure. Therefore, the texts can provide valuable insights into language use in the context of online media and serve as sources of information for studying language quality and effective communication in digital news writing.

The development of information technology has encouraged transformation in the administration and implementation of the judicial system in Indonesia, including within civil procedural law. The civil justice process, which has traditionally relied on manual procedures as regulated in the HIR and RBg, faces several limitations such as lengthy procedures, relatively high costs, and limited access for justice seekers. To address these challenges, the Supreme Court introduced the e-court system as part of judicial modernization through the digitalization of case administration and court proceedings. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of e-court in realizing procedural justice within civil procedural law and to examine the relationship between the classical procedural provisions contained in HIR/RBg and the newer regulations governing electronic court administration. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches by examining legal provisions and the concept of procedural justice within the judicial system. The findings indicate that the implementation of e-court reflects a paradigm shift in civil procedural law from a formalistic system toward a more digital and administrative system that improves efficiency in case administration and accelerates dispute resolution. However, this transformation also raises questions regarding the harmonization of legal norms between the regulations governing electronic court systems and the traditional civil procedural rules. Nevertheless, the implementation of e-court has positive implications for the realization of the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice while also improving public access to more effective and efficient judicial services.

This internship program aims to find out the important role of management accountability in controlling operational costs to improve financial performance in savings and loan cooperatives of Bahtera Sejahtera Credit Union.The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation,interviews,and documentation. The role of management accounting in controlling operational costs to improve financial performance in the Bahtera Sejahtera Maumere Credit Union savings and loan cooperative,it can be concluded that management accounting has a very important role in supporting management decision-making.Through the application of management accounting,cooperatives can plan,control,and evaluate operational costs more effectively and efficiently. Controlling operational costs through budgeting,cost analysis,and internal financial reporting can help management identify cost wastage and improve resource use efficiency.This has a positive impact on the financial performance of cooperatives,which is reflected in increased operational effectiveness and financial stability. Thus,the implementation of good management accounting in the Bahtera Sejahtera Maumere Credit Union savings and loan cooperative can be a strategic tool in improving financial performance and supporting the sustainability and growth of the cooperative can be a strategic tool in improving financial performance and supporting the sustainability and growth of the cooperative in the future