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Conventional robotic surgical systems, while offering enhanced dexterity and 3D visualization, suffer from a critical limitation: the absence of tactile sensation. This sensory disconnect can lead to inadvertent tissue damage from excessive force application and complicates delicate maneuvers that rely on the surgeon's sense of touch. This research proposes and validates a novel surgical robotic system architecture designed to bridge this sensory gap by integrating high-fidelity 3D visual input with accurate, real-time force feedback from tactile sensors mounted on the end-effector. To rigorously evaluate this innovation, a structured comparative methodology was employed. A cohort of surgeons performed standardized surgical tasks, including suturing and tissue manipulation, on realistic soft-tissue phantoms. The performance of a conventional (visual-only) system was benchmarked against that of the proposed (visual-haptic) system. A comprehensive dataset was collected, which included objective metrics such as task completion time, precision deviation from the ideal tool path, and the magnitude of applied forces. Concurrently, subjective evaluations from the participating surgeons were gathered to assess perceived control, cognitive workload, and overall task confidence. The test data revealed statistically significant improvements when using the visual-haptic system. Participants not only completed tasks with greater speed and accuracy but also applied considerably lower and more consistent forces. The analysis underscores that haptic feedback, enabled by advanced sensor fusion, not only restores a crucial 'sense of touch' to the surgeon but also reduces the incidence of excessive force application, potentially minimizing tissue trauma and improving patient recovery. These findings confirm the hypothesis that haptic-visual integration constitutes a new paradigm in robotic surgery, shifting the paradigm from purely visual guidance to a more intuitive, multi-sensory surgical experience. This study also discusses future challenges and opportunities, including the potential for AI-driven partial autonomy, such as creating virtual safety boundaries or automating sub-tasks, and the development of next-generation sensor technologies to further enhance clinical outcomes.

The spice industry faces significant challenges in maintaining product weight consistency as part of quality assurance and compliance with production standards. A case at PT X revealed that a newly installed filling machine produced deviations from the target weight of 50 grams, with hypothesis testing showing that out of 30 samples, 17 samples fell outside the  confidence interval. To mitigate this issue, this study proposes the development of a real-time data-driven Decision Support sistem (DSS) combined with statistical approaches. The methodology includes two-tailed hypothesis testing to detect weight deviations and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify dominant failure causes based on high Risk Priority Numbers (RPN), such as delayed machine calibration, operator error, and worn-out machine components. These findings serve as the foundation for designing the DSS architecture, which consists of sensor input modules, statistical data processing, risk mapping, and an automated corrective recommendation engine. The sistem is designed to enable early detection of deviations, accelerate response time to quality issues, and support data-driven decision-making on the production floor. The study concludes that a structured implementation of DSS can be an effective strategy to improve product weight consistency and enhance operational efficiency in spice manufacturing.  

          During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, as fetal development progresses, pregnant women often experience lower back pain. This condition not only causes discomfort but also affects daily activities and overall quality of life. One of the non-pharmacological approaches believed to reduce lower back pain is prenatal exercise. This study aims to evaluate the effect of pregnancy exercise on reducing lower back pain among pregnant women in the second and third trimesters. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test approach without a control group. The sample consisted of 28 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters who met the inclusion criteria and reported experiencing lower back pain. Pain levels were assessed before and after the intervention using a valid and reliable pain scale. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, particularly the paired sample t-test. The findings revealed that the mean pain score before the intervention was 3.32 with a standard deviation of 0.772. After the intervention, the mean pain score decreased to 2.25 with a standard deviation of 1.005. Results of the paired t-test indicated a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a significant difference in pain levels before and after pregnancy exercise. These results indicate that pregnancy exercise is effective in reducing lower back pain in women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Therefore, prenatal exercise can be recommended as a safe, simple, and beneficial non-pharmacological intervention in midwifery care. It is expected that this study provides scientific evidence supporting the role of pregnancy exercise in improving maternal comfort and quality of life throughout pregnancy.

Education serves as a fundamental pillar in national development, as it not only enhances individual capacities but also improves overall social welfare. Despite this crucial role, Indonesia continues to face disparities in both access to and quality of education among its regions, as can be seen from variations in school participation indicators and socio-economic backgrounds. To analyze these differences, this study applied the K-Means Clustering method to categorize provinces in Indonesia using six variables: School Participation Rate, Net Enrollment Rate, Gross Enrollment Rate, Poverty Rate, High School Ratio, and Teacher Ratio. To identify the most suitable number of clusters, three validation indices were utilized, namely Dunn Index, C-Index, and Davies-Bouldin Index, with cluster counts tested from three to six. The results indicated that the best clustering solution was five clusters, as reflected in the highest Dunn Index (0.1569), lowest C-Index (0.0321), and lowest Davies-Bouldin Index (0.5062). The robustness of this clustering was further supported by the ratio between within-cluster and between-cluster standard deviation (S(w)/S(b) = 0.33). Each cluster revealed unique characteristics of education and socio-economic conditions, where Cluster 4 displayed the most favorable outcomes with high participation and low poverty levels, whereas Cluster 5 highlighted the weakest performance across all observed indicators.

The Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) play a strategic role in enhancing the village economy by utilizing the potential within the village. One of the main challenges faced by BUMDes is the issue of capital, which affects the ability of businesses to grow and achieve their shared goals. This study aims to analyze the effect of emotional bias on investment decisions with reward-based investment balance as a mediating variable. This study used a sample of 108 BUMDes scattered across six regions in Central Java. The sampling method employed was a combination of purposive sampling and cluster sampling, where the selected BUMDes represent specific regions and involve investors from the community or community groups. Data were collected from BUMDes in six regions (administrative areas) in Central Java. The analysis tools used in this study include simple regression, multiple regression, and the Sobel test for mediation, supported by normality tests, classical deviation tests, and coefficient of determination. The results showed that emotional bias significantly affected the investment decisions of the community (t = 3.034; sig = 0.000) and also influenced the reward-based investment balance (t = 4.256; sig = 0.000). Additionally, the reward-based investment balance variable was proven to have a direct impact on investment decisions (t = 3.190; sig = 0.000). This study also found that the reward-based investment balance variable partially mediates the effect of emotional bias on investment decisions, meaning that this effect can still be mediated by other variables. The Sobel test indicated a significant result (t = 3.104; sig = 0.000), showing that the effect of emotional bias on investment decisions can be mediated through reward-based investment balance.

Coal is one of the main energy sources and the largest contributor to national revenue; however, its management faces challenges related to limited availability and accuracy in reserve estimation. An essential aspect of mining management is monitoring the Run of Mine (ROM) volume, which plays a critical role in crushing, washing, and blending processes. This study aims to compare the accuracy of ROM volume measurements using Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) methods in the production area of PT FAD, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, involving field data acquisition, three-dimensional modeling, and volume analysis using specialized software. The results show that ROM volume measured with TLS was 1,407.669 lcm, while UAV produced 1,387.357 lcm, with a difference of 20.312 lcm or 1.45%. This deviation is within the ASTM D6172-98 tolerance limit (<2%), indicating that both methods are valid. Although TLS offers higher accuracy, UAV is more effective and efficient in terms of measurement time, making it a reliable alternative for modern mining monitoring. This study provides practical insights for the mining industry in selecting ROM volume measurement methods that are not only accurate but also efficient in supporting sustainable operations and data-driven decision-making.

The widespread use of digital images, driven by low-cost, handheld acquisition devices, has increased the need for robust security measures to safeguard privacy. This demand is further underscored by rising identity theft and other image-related crimes. This study presents a chaos-based experimental evaluation of contemporary image encryption algorithms. Owing to intrinsic properties such as sensitivity to initial conditions and pseudo-randomness, chaos theory has become increasingly prominent in image encryption. Five chaos-based image encryption schemes were selected and applied to a dataset of 26 color images. The evaluation covers both encryption performance and cryptographic security. Decryption quality is measured using Mean Squared Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), and DeepEns. Cryptographic security is assessed using entropy, correlation coefficient, Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR), Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI), average and maximum deviation, and histogram analysis. Experimental results indicate that all evaluated schemes demonstrate strong cryptographic security and comparable encryption performance, with broadly similar effectiveness across methods.

Technological innovations have brought significant changes in the management of public administration, including the procurement of goods and services. E-Catalog is one of the innovations implemented to improve efficiency, transparency, and accessibility in the procurement process. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the use of E-Catalog in the city of Surabaya based on five main criteria: effort, cost-efficiency, result, cost-effectiveness, and impact. The results of the study show that E-Catalog is able to speed up the procurement process of goods and services by providing direct access to the information needed by users, without going through a time-consuming manual tender process. The system also cuts operational and administrative costs, such as printed documents and formal meetings, providing budget efficiency of up to 10% per year. In addition, user satisfaction levels increased with more than 85% of respondents feeling helped by this system. E-Catalogs not only save time and costs, but also increase transparency and accountability in procurement. All transactions are digitally documented, making the audit process easier and preventing potential irregularities. This implementation also encourages the empowerment of local MSMEs by providing easier access to government markets. Another positive impact is the increase in public trust in the government, which is supported by a transparent and inclusive system. Nonetheless, challenges such as limited technology infrastructure and intensive training need still need to be addressed to ensure the sustainability of these systems. With the integration of blockchain technology and strengthening regulations, E-Katalog has the potential to become an effective and efficient model for the procurement of goods and services, not only in Indonesia, but also at the global level. This research offers strategic recommendations for the development of better technology-based procurement policies and practices in the future.

This study aims to determine the perceptions of library users towards the multicultural literacy program at the Sibolga City Public Library, as a response to the importance of literacy in building an inclusive society amidst cultural diversity. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a survey technique through a questionnaire to 73 active library users. The research instrument includes 15 statements on the independent variable (multicultural literacy program) based on James A. Banks' theory, and 10 statements on the dependent variable (librarian perception) based on the Ruch and Zimbardo framework. The results of the analysis show that library users' perceptions of the program are in the good category, with an average score of 40.23 out of a maximum of 50, and a standard deviation of 2.89, which indicates the consistency of respondents' responses. For the multicultural literacy program variable, an average score of 60.9 out of a maximum of 75, and a standard deviation of 3.68, is obtained. This indicates that library users feel that this program is very useful in increasing their understanding of cultural diversity. More than 78% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the program helped them understand other cultures, think critically about stereotypes, and feel proud of their own cultural identities. Furthermore, 54.79% of respondents expressed their willingness to promote the program to the surrounding community. These findings confirm that the Sibolga City Public Library has successfully fulfilled its role as an inclusive literacy space. The multicultural literacy program not only helps users improve their understanding of culture but also strengthens social cohesion and strengthens intercultural relationships. With this program, the library has functioned as an important agent of social change in creating a more inclusive and tolerant society. It is hoped that this program will continue to develop and be implemented more widely.

This study examines legal deviations in the implementation of the Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) mechanism, specifically regarding the approval of a peace settlement submitted for the second time after the debtor is declared bankrupt. The study highlights the Supreme Court Decision No. 648K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021, which ratified the second peace settlement in the case of PT Prospek Duta Sukses. This decision is deemed contradictory to the principle of a single peace settlement, as stipulated in Articles 289 and 292 of Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and PKPU, and further reinforced by Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 5 of 2021, which states that a peace settlement in bankruptcy can only be conducted once. Using a normative juridical method, this research analyzes the legal reasoning used by the panel of judges in approving the second peace settlement and evaluates its impact on legal certainty and protection for creditors, who are the affected parties in the bankruptcy process. The approval of a second peace settlement after the debtor is declared bankrupt creates legal uncertainty, as the existing provisions do not provide for more than one peace settlement. Additionally, this decision potentially harms creditors by prolonging the settlement of debts, which should have been clear, thus allowing room for misuse of legal procedures. The findings of the study show that the approval of this second peace settlement not only contradicts the fundamental principles of law but also risks harming creditors, who should be protected by the bankruptcy system to ensure their rights are fairly met. Therefore, this research suggests that consistent application of the law, in line with existing provisions, is necessary to uphold the principles of justice, legal certainty, and the credibility of the national bankruptcy system. Furthermore, reforms in regulations or law enforcement are needed to ensure that legal practices operate in accordance with principles that are fair and transparent.

In society, there are terms like Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) which are generally considered as a form of sexual orientation deviation. Sexual orientation itself refers to a person's emotional, physical, or romantic attraction to either the same or the opposite sex. Some countries legalize homosexual life, including same-sex marriage, but in the context of sexual deviation, homosexuality is considered contrary to the norms and values maintained in society. Based on this, several issues are raised, namely how Indonesian criminal law, especially the Criminal Code (KUHP), regulates LGBT; looking at Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights for LGBT; and what legal efforts are made by the government to address issues related to LGBT. The author uses a descriptive analytical research method, with a normative descriptive approach that examines literature and regulations using qualitative legal analysis. The research results show that the provisions regarding homosexuality in Indonesian criminal law, which include Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender, are contained in Book II of the Criminal Code, Chapter XIV concerning Sexual Crimes, Article 292, and for cases involving children, are stipulated in Article 82 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2014. Furthermore, there is no legal recognition of homosexuality, and the law only permits homosexual practices involving children under the age of majority. The constitution recognizes human rights with limitations that may not conflict with regulations, morals, religious values, or public safety. The government is making efforts by coordinating not only with the LGBT community but also with relevant agencies, preventing violations arising from policies or systems, and continuously raising awareness among the government, the public, and various parties regarding human rights principles.

This study aims to analyze the level of Quality of Work Life (QWL) among operational employees at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional III, Kebun Sei Garo. The research sample consists of 90 operational employees from PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional III, Kebun Sei Giro, using a total sampling technique. The data collection method employed is a descriptive quantitative approach utilizing a QWL scale based on a four-point Likert scale. The research instrument comprises 84 items. The findings show that the average QWL score is 268.95 with a standard deviation of 41.85, and the data are normally distributed (Kolmogorov-Smirnov sig = 0.090). Generally, Afdeling II and IV exhibit the highest levels of QWL, particularly in aspects of compensation, working conditions, and job opportunities. In contrast, Afdeling III demonstrates a lower level of QWL, especially concerning social relevance and job opportunities. In conclusion, the QWL of operational employees at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional III, Kebun Sei Garo is at a high level; however, special attention and targeted interventions are needed for Afdeling III to enhance work quality and employee motivation.

A conductor, as a material that allows the easy flow of electric charge, plays a crucial role in various electrical and electronic applications. Understanding how elementary charges, particularly electrons, configure and move within a conductor, especially one with a square shape, is essential for analyzing and designing efficient electrical devices. This article discusses the configuration of elementary charges in a square conductor through simulations using a mechanics and electrodynamics approach, focusing on the interactions between charges to achieve a stable configuration. The simulation is conducted by placing charges randomly around the square conductor. The electro-dynamic interactions between charges cause them to arrange themselves in the most stable positions, where each charge interacts to minimize the system's energy. Although a stable configuration is achieved, fluctuations in the total system energy are still observed, approximately 1.33×10⁻³⁵ Joules. These fluctuations indicate that, despite stability, the system continues to experience dynamics that affect the overall energy. Particles at the corners of the conductor move faster than those on other sides, contributing significantly to the measured energy fluctuations. This charge configuration forms an electric field profile in the shape of a square, with the field being concentric, moving from the inside out of the conductor. This indicates that the electric field distribution is more concentrated inside and gradually decreases toward the outside. Furthermore, the distribution of particles on each side of the conductor is not uniform. There are deviations up to 4% from the expected distribution, and these fluctuations occur within a range of ±1 particle. This phenomenon provides deeper insights into the behavior of charges in a square conductor. Understanding this is important for designing electrical and electronic systems. Although the conductor reaches stability, the energy fluctuations that occur still play a role in optimizing electronic devices. The approach combining mechanics and electrodynamics is very useful for understanding the interactions between charges and electric fields, which can be applied to modern electrical technology.  

Photogrammetry is an important technique in the reverse engineering process to reconstruct 3D images without requiring initial design data. This technique allows the creation of digital models of physical objects through processing a series of two-dimensional images. This study aims to analyze the effect of camera ISO settings and shutter speed on the level of dimensional deviation in the reconstructed 3D model. The method used is an experiment with a quantitative approach, involving a series of software for the 3D image reconstruction process, mesh structure preparation, and digital dimension measurement. The ISO variations used in the image capture were 250, 400, 500, and 800, while the shutter speed variations applied included 1/125 second, 1/100 second, 1/50 second, and 1/25 second. The test object was a cylinder with an actual diameter of 50 mm. The obtained 3D model results were compared with the actual dimensions through a Two-Way ANOVA statistical analysis to test the significance of the influence of both variables. The results showed that both ISO and shutter speed had a significant effect on the dimensional deviation of the 3D model. The combination of camera settings with ISO 500 and shutter speed 1/125 second produced the smallest deviation, while the combination of ISO 800 and shutter speed 1/25 second gave the largest deviation. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 99.02% indicates that the statistical model used is very strong in explaining the variation of deviation. This research contributes to the optimal setting of camera parameters to improve the accuracy of photogrammetry results in reverse engineering applications.

Reverse engineering is the process of reproducing or recreating an existing model—whether it is a component, subassembly, or complete product—without relying on the original design documentation or CAD data. One of the key techniques that supports this process is photogrammetry, a method that utilizes a series of photographic images to identify, capture, and reconstruct the geometry of physical objects in three dimensions. Photogrammetry offers advantages such as low cost, portability, and non-contact data acquisition, making it a valuable tool in various engineering and industrial applications. This study aims to analyze the influence of two important factors—namely, the number of photographs taken and the intensity of lighting—on the dimensional accuracy or deviation of 3D models produced through photogrammetry-based reverse engineering. A quantitative experimental approach was used, where both variables were systematically varied to evaluate their effect on model precision. Data analysis was conducted using a Two-Way ANOVA factorial test to determine the statistical significance of each factor and their interaction. The experimental results revealed that using 54 photographs yielded the lowest average dimensional deviation among all tested conditions, although the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, variations in light intensity showed no statistically significant effect on accuracy, but visually, an illumination level of 200–250 lux tended to provide more consistent and stable model outputs. No significant interaction was found between the two variables, indicating that they operate independently in affecting model accuracy. Overall, the combination of 54 photographs and a light intensity of 250 lux was visually identified as the most effective setup. The findings of this research contribute to the optimization of photogrammetry workflows in reverse engineering, offering practical insights for producing high-quality CAD models for use in design, prototyping, and manufacturing processes.

Photogrammetry is a widely used technique in reverse engineering that utilizes photographs taken from multiple angles to capture the geometric structure and surface textures of physical objects. This method has gained popularity due to its cost-effectiveness and time efficiency compared to more expensive alternatives such as laser scanning. However, one of the primary limitations of photogrammetry is its susceptibility to dimensional deviations that can affect the accuracy of the resulting 3D model. Among the influential parameters, the number of photos taken and the camera’s shutter speed play a crucial role in determining the level of geometric precision. This study aims to analyze the effect of the number of photos and shutter speed on dimensional deviation in 3D reconstruction results. It also seeks to determine the optimal combination of these parameters to enhance model accuracy in reverse engineering applications. The research method used is an experimental approach, in which variations of photo quantity and shutter speed are applied during image capture. The resulting photographs are processed into a 3D model using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software and compared with the actual dimensions of the object under study. The findings reveal that both the number of photos and shutter speed significantly influence dimensional accuracy, both individually and interactively. The best results were obtained using a combination of 48 photos with a shutter speed of 0.020 seconds, yielding the smallest deviation of 7.6 mm. In contrast, a combination of 36 photos with the same shutter speed produced the highest deviation at 10.6 mm. ANOVA analysis yielded a p-value < 0.05 and an R² value of 94.21%, confirming the importance of selecting appropriate imaging parameters for accurate photogrammetry outcomes.

Photogrammetry is a technique for measuring and modeling three-dimensional objects by utilizing digital imagery from various perspectives. In the context of reverse engineering, this technique serves to duplicate, reconstruct, and analyze the dimensions of physical objects with a high degree of accuracy. The main advantage of photogrammetry lies in its ability to capture the details of the shape and texture of objects without the need for physical contact. However, the quality of photogrammetry scan results is greatly influenced by a number of technical factors, especially lighting and camera sensor sensitivity (ISO) settings. Variations in these two parameters can cause deviations or dimensional deviations in the resulting 3D model. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of lighting intensity and camera ISO setting on dimensional deviation in photogrammetry scan results. The research method used is experimental, where the dimensions of the scanned object are compared to the original dimensions using precision measuring instruments. The results showed that both the lighting level and the ISO setting had a significant influence on the accuracy level of the 3D model. The ideal lighting intensity range was found to be in the range of 125–150 lux, where shadows and light reflections could be minimized. Meanwhile, the use of low ISO (around 200) is able to produce cleaner image textures and minimize noise, resulting in smaller dimensional deviations. Additionally, the interaction between moderate lighting and low ISO is proven to provide the best scanning accuracy. This combination is able to maintain a balance between image quality and surface detail of the object. These findings not only provide practical recommendations regarding the regulation of scanning conditions, but can also serve as a guideline for industry practitioners and academics in improving the quality of reverse engineering results. With a proper understanding of lighting and ISO variables, the photogrammetry process can be optimized to produce more accurate and efficient 3D models.

When producing a perfect product, design process namely 2D modeling and 3D drawing, are closely related. The purpose of this study is to design a 3D model of a gun mastering machine product as a fan drive using CAD applications. The method of this study is decision data on API production (analytical product inspection). Measurement of sterling machine degradation using CPK (deviation) received results of -0.97, -0.22, 0.86, 0.11, 0.11 between zero and what indicates this specification. On average, the results of the stirling fluid fluorescent agent measurement are red numbers indicating that the survey dimensions are absent, especially from the basic dimensions of point 4, with samples 2, 3, and 5 exceeding the specified tolerance limits.

Earnings management is a form of deviation in the process of preparing financial statements, namely affecting the level of profit displayed in the financial statements. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence earnings management, namely Solvency, Corporate Social Responsibility , Profitability, and Company Size based on the findings of previous studies . The method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data collection related to similar research was obtained from 50 journals from the Google Scholar database with a publication year range of 2023-2025. The results of this study indicate that the factors that have a significant effect on earnings management, namely Solvency, have an effect on earnings management. The greater the level of this solvency ratio , the greater the opportunity for managers to carry out earnings management so that the company can more easily obtain funds from creditors. Corporate Social Responsibility influence on earnings management. Improving sustainability performance through CSR by companies can encourage management to take higher earnings manipulation actions. Profitability influences earnings management. When the higher the profits earned by the company, the higher the Earnings Management practices carried out by the managers. Company ​size influences earnings management. The larger the size of a company, the smaller the opportunity to carry out earnings management.

Nausea and vomiting are common discomforts experienced by 50% of pregnant women in the first trimester. One of the implementations to reduce nausea and vomiting with non-pharmacological therapy is the provision of lavender aromatherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of giving Lavender aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester at PMB Ronni Siregar Deli Serdang. The research method used was Quasi-experimental using nonequivalent control group design. The sampling technique used in this study was Total sampling based on Inclusion and Exclusion criteria, the number of samples was 30 respondents (15 intervention groups and 15 control groups). The results showed that the average value of respondents in the intervention group in the nausea and vomiting value before giving lavender aromatherapy was Mean 13.5 standard deviation 3.521. in the intervention group after being given treatment, a mean value of 10.6 was obtained with a standard division of 4.459. Based on the t-test, a p-value of 0.000 was obtained, which means it is smaller than the significant value <0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is an Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy on Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnant Women in the First Trimester at PMB Ronni Siregar Deli Serdang. This study expects Midwives to provide health promotion and education, namely by improving their midwifery care, especially for Pregnant Women with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, in addition to explaining the non-pharmacological benefits in reducing nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.