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This study examines the cultural diversity of the Batak people in North Sumatra through a systematic literature review of three core pillars: language, traditions, and social systems. Findings reveal significant inter-sub-ethnic variations (e.g., Toba, Karo, Simalungun), including linguistic diversity (V-S-O structures in Toba vs. complex affixation in Karo), distinct rituals (such as Saur Matua and Manulangi Natuatua), and kinship systems rooted in the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy. Amid positive dynamics like digitalization of traditional arts (Tortor Martonun) and gender transformations, Batak culture faces critical threats: symbolic desacralization (commodification of ulos textiles), kinship disintegration (atomization of Dalihan Na Tolu due to urbanization), and erosion of transcendental knowledge (extinction of Hata Andung rituals). The study recommends a community-based participatory research (CBPR) preservation model, integrating local content curricula and geographical indication certification. A key limitation is the literature bias toward the Toba sub-group, necessitating urgent comparative studies across sub-ethnicities and analysis of digital media’s impact on cultural transmission.

This study aims to analyze the understanding of halal certification among UMKM cassava product actors in Kebrengan Village. This study was conducted using a sociological juridical approach method and was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out by interviews and documentation of related sources. Respondents were 26 people. The results of this study show that the understanding of halal certification in Kebrengan Village, Mojotengah District, Wonosobo Regency is still relatively low due to the lack of understanding and socialization activities. The role of the government is needed to improve the understanding of UMKM by organizing socialization activities and assistance to facilitate obtaining halal certification in Kebrengan Village

This study discusses the limitations faced by young people in facing the dilemma of standardization of labor recruitment, with a case study on the implementation of the Job Fair held by the Manpower Office (Disnaker) in Bekasi. In an era of an increasingly competitive labor market, the recruitment process tends to refer to certain formal standards that do not always reflect the real potential of young job seekers, especially those from lower-middle economic backgrounds. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through field observations, in-depth interviews with job fair participants, and documentation of materials and selection mechanisms used by companies. The results of the study indicate that many young people experience obstacles in meeting administrative and technical standards, such as expertise certification, work experience, and foreign language-based communication skills, which are now dominant requirements in labor selection. The gap between the actual abilities of young people and the demands of the labor market indicates hidden social exclusion in the recruitment system. These findings also highlight the minimal role of the state in equipping young people with skills that are in accordance with industry needs. This study recommends that the government not only facilitate recruitment through job fairs, but also be active in building a vocational training system based on local needs and reformulating a selection mechanism that is more inclusive and fair for all levels of youth.

This study explores the role of halal certificates in increasing consumer confidence in food industry products in Indonesia. In a Muslim society and a global market that is increasingly aware of religious ethics and values, halal certificates are not only proof of halalness, but also serve as a signal of quality, safety and integrity of the producer. This research uses a qualitative approach through a literature study, by reviewing scientific articles, books, official reports, and relevant documents related to halal and consumer behavior. The results of the analysis show that halal certificates have three main roles: (1) as a credibility signal to reduce information asymmetry between producers and consumers; (2) as an instrument to reduce risk perceptions of ingredients, processes, and production ethics; and (3) as a brand communication medium that builds emotional attachment and social value. Consumers, especially millennials and Gen Z, demand halalness accompanied by transparency and education in the certification process. Halal certificates also strengthen product competitiveness in the global market, reflecting a religious lifestyle while being modern and sustainable. Therefore, industry players need to make halal certification a comprehensive brand strategy, while regulators such as BPJPH must continue to improve the transparency and effectiveness of the system.

cro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in Indonesia's economy but often face challenges in meeting legal requirements such as Business Identification Numbers (NIB), Household Industry Food Production Permits (PIRT), and Halal Certification. This study aims to analyze the role of Thematic KKN (Community Service Program) students in the Industrial Cluster in enhancing MSME actors' understanding of these legal aspects through entrepreneurship workshops. A case study was conducted on MSMEs in Kayumalue Pajeko Village.The method used was a participatory approach through workshops integrating theory and practice. The results showed that the workshops effectively improved MSME actors' understanding of the procedures for obtaining NIB, PIRT, and Halal Certification. Additionally, the program facilitated MSMEs in initiating the process of managing legal documents independently.Thematic KKN students acted as facilitators, providing direct guidance and assisting in overcoming obstacles such as limited initial knowledge and lack of access to technology. However, challenges such as limited mentoring time and technical barriers were also encountered.In conclusion, the program had a positive impact on MSME development in Kayumalue Pajeko and provided practical experience for students. Recommendations for program development include the need for continuous mentoring, collaboration with the government, and additional training to ensure sustainable outcomes.

Quality education relies on educators who meet specific qualifications, including formal education and certification. The qualifications of educators are regulated by Law No. 14 of 2005 and the Minister of National Education Regulation, emphasizing the necessity of pedagogical, personal, and professional competencies. Observational results indicate that the majority of teachers at SDN 25 have met the established qualifications, with several teachers already certified. This reflects a commitment to improving teaching quality and positively impacting students. With adequate qualifications, educators are better prepared to face the evolving challenges of education, thereby providing quality and relevant education for future generations.

Registration counter services as the main gateway for patient interaction with hospitals play a crucial role in shaping public perception of the quality of health services. However, Kaimana Hospital faces challenges such as long queues, limited physical facilities, and reliance on coordination between units, which have the potential to reduce patient satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the gap between patients' expectations and perceptions of the quality of registration counter services using the SERVQUAL model, focusing on five dimensions: Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy, and Responsiveness (responsiveness). The qualitative-descriptive method is applied through direct observation during the workday, semi-structured interviews and analysis of secondary documents. The results of the study showed that officers were considered competent in providing Assurance information  and showed spontaneous empathy for the Empathy vulnerable group. However, the Reliability  dimension is hampered by long queues and reliance on the availability of medical personnel, while Tangibles is limited to physical facilities that are less adaptive during visitor density. Responsiveness is also influenced by fluctuations in the number of patients and coordination between units that are not optimal. The main gap lies in the absence of a digital queuing system, structured inclusive protocols, and standardization of officer competencies. Strategic recommendations include certification-based HR training, integration of digital queue technology, infrastructure optimization, and strengthening operational coordination. This research emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to create an inclusive, efficient, and sustainable service ecosystem, as well as a reference for regional hospitals in improving the quality of services based on the SERVQUAL model.  

Climate change is an urgent global challenge demanding local adaptation and mitigation. This research focuses on evaluating the sustainability of the Climate Village Program ProKlim in Kampung Airport, Teluknaga Village, Tangerang Regency. Although this location achieved national "ProKlim Utama" status in 2022, initial observations revealed a significant decline in program implementation. Identified issues include neglected facilities, suboptimal institutional management, decreased community participation, and regulatory gaps. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, applying Leo Agustino’s policy evaluation model. Data was collected through interviews with relevant informants, direct field observations, and document analysis. The data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, with source and technique triangulation ensuring the findings' credibility. The research indicates that despite initial competence and positive characteristics of ProKlim managers, several factors hinder its sustainability. These include human resource capabilities technical skills and limited personnel, institutional management lack of formal structure and inconsistent monitoring, infrastructure maintenance damaged facilities and insufficient operational budget, and inadequate understanding of regulations. The long-term success of ProKlim in Kampung Airport is threatened by a lack of strong institutionalization, consistent resource allocation, and sustained multi-stakeholder involvement beyond the initial certification momentum.

The interest of PPAk students in obtaining Chartered Accountant (CA) certification can enhance their competitiveness and marketability in the workforce by providing additional evidence of competence beyond academic degrees, with the quality and expertise they possess. This research aims to determine the influence of understanding levels, career perceptions, and quality motivation on the interest of PPAk students in pursuing CA certification. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University, as the best state university in Bali that offers a PPAk study program with quality graduate students, with a sample of 78 PPAk students selected using non-probability sampling method with saturated sampling technique. This research proves that, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the level of understanding regarding students career perceptions affects the interest of PPAk students in pursuing CA certification. Maslow's theory can be used as a basis for understanding the influence of motivating factors for PPAk students regarding CA certification. The Faculty of Economics and Business at Udayana University can benefit from this research by better understanding how understanding levels, career perceptions, and quality motivation affect PPAk students' interest in pursuing CA certification. This information can then be used to assess the factors influencing PPAk students' interest.  According to this study, PPAk students' interest in obtaining CA certification is positively and significantly impacted by their comprehension levels, career perceptions, and quality motivation.

Every citizen has the right to get a job. Meanwhile, the work that is necessary for people to live a decent life for humanity is a job that pays enough and does not cause accidents or diseases. Law on Health No. 17 of 2023 Law No. 1 of 1970 on Occupational Safety: This law is the legal basis for the implementation of K3LH in Indonesia. Law No. 13 of 2003: Article 88 paragraph (1) of this Law states that every worker has the right to protection for occupational safety and health.  Permenaker No. 5 of 1996: This regulation regulates the K3 Management System. Meanwhile, getting enough wages in jobs in our country is very difficult and the weak protection of workers, especially regarding freelance daily workers, has not received much attention in the government's observation. Legal protection plays a crucial role in ensuring that K3 coaching runs effectively and sustainably. This includes regulations that require K3 training, the appointment of competent K3 officers, and incident reporting. The main challenges include ineffective supervision and low legal awareness. A robust legal framework, including K3 training, certification, and auditing standards, is essential to encourage investment in quality coaching. Strict law enforcement against K3 violations is also vital to minimize accidents and occupational diseases.

The certainty of halal status in food products is a crucial issue among Muslim consumers. Products containing additives such as gelatin or those imported from abroad often raise concerns, mainly due to limited information regarding their ingredient composition and production processes. This study aims to investigate the halal status of gelatin-based candy products and various imported foods available in Indonesia. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review, product label analysis, and interviews with Islamic jurisprudence experts and representatives from the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH). The findings indicate that most gelatin-based candies in the market contain animal-derived gelatin with unclear sources (either bovine or porcine), while many imported products are not yet halal-certified. In conclusion, Muslim consumers should be more selective in choosing food products, and halal certification bodies play a vital role in educating the public and ensuring transparency in halal information.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of competency certification training programs for students of the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business (FEBI), UIN KHAS Jember, in enhancing their job readiness. Using a qualitative approach and case study design, the research gathered data through interviews, observations, and documentation of training processes and outcomes. The findings reveal that the training significantly improved students' technical skills, self-confidence, and adaptability to workplace dynamics. Moreover, the national certification issued by the National Professional Certification Agency (BNSP) provided added value in terms of industry recognition. The study highlights the strategic role of partnerships with certified training institutions in aligning academic learning with industry demands. It also underscores the need for continuous curriculum updates and institutional support to maximize the training's impact on student career development.

The development of the Islamic financial industry in Indonesia has shown significant growth, both in terms of institutions, products, and public participation. However, public doubts remain regarding the level of Sharia compliance of these financial products. Halal certification is a crucial instrument for ensuring that a financial product truly complies with Sharia principles. This study aims to analyze the urgency of halal certification for Islamic financial products and its implications for consumer trust from a Sharia economic law perspective. The research method used is qualitative with a normative-juridical approach through a literature review of laws and regulations, fatwas from the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and previous research findings. The results indicate that halal certification for Islamic financial products plays a strategic role in increasing transparency, accountability, and public trust. However, there is regulatory overlap between Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance and the provisions of the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Therefore, harmonization of regulations and strengthening oversight by the Sharia Supervisory Board are crucial steps in ensuring the integrity of the Islamic financial system.

The incentive program for Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) teachers in Batam City is part of a regional policy aimed at supporting the role and function of Al-Qur'an teachers in fulfilling Al-Qur'an literacy certification and basic religious understanding for elementary and secondary school students. This program has been implemented since 2009 and has experienced a gradual increase in incentive values until 2024. However, in Nongsa District, the implementation of this program still faces several obstacles. Identified problems include delays in fund distribution, inaccurate data verification, and inaccurate targeting of incentive recipients. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the incentive program managed by the Al-Qur'an Teacher Consultative Body (BMGQ) of Nongsa District by the Batam City Government. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. The results show that this program has had a positive impact, especially in increasing teachers' teaching enthusiasm, helping their economy, and maintaining the sustainability of Al-Qur'an education in the region. However, the effectiveness of program implementation is not yet optimal. Obstacles identified include a lack of publicity regarding the program's objectives to the community and beneficiaries, limited incentive recipient quotas, the lack of a real-time data monitoring system, and delays in the document signing process (amprah), which has delayed incentive disbursement. Therefore, ongoing evaluation by the local government and the BMGQ (Regional Teachers' Association) is necessary to ensure that incentive distribution is more targeted, equitable, and in line with the program's initial objectives, so that all TPQ teachers in Nongsa District can experience maximum benefits.

As a major contributor to GDP and job creation, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in the Indonesian economy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which MSME business actors are able to support tax compliance while maintaining their business continuity through the implementation of the Income Tax (PPh) Article 23 policy. in the form of services, rent, profits, interest, and royalties are subject to PPh Article 23 tax. The implementation of the Income Tax Article 23 policy using taxation theory, public policy theory, tax law theory, and public management theory, this study uses a descriptive analysis methodology. The impact of the implementation of this tax on the financial and administrative aspects of MSMEs is examined, as well as the efficiency of the tax deduction system in increasing tax compliance. The results of the study, the application of a final rate of 0.5% based on PP No. 23 of 2018 and the supporting deduction / collection method in the PPh Article 23 policy, help ease the tax burden for MSMEs. The source deduction scheme has succeeded in increasing state revenues and ensuring tax compliance. There are still issues regarding the effectiveness of this policy, especially related to administrative compliance, such as processing certification, which is required to obtain a lower final rate. The main obstacles are literacy among MSMEs, lack of knowledge about the tax administration process, and the possibility of double taxation for MSMEs that do not have certificates are the main challenges noted. have not utilized the available incentives optimally due to lack of awareness and familiarity with the policy. This study concludes that in order to increase the effectiveness of the Income Tax Article 23 policy for MSMEs, significant efforts need to be made, such as tax education, simplification of administration, and strengthening supervision. The suggestion that can be given is that this policy can provide the greatest benefits for the growth and sustainability of MSME businesses which are the foundation of the national economy.  

In the midst of increasingly fierce modern market competition, traditional beverage products such as sarabba from Makassar began to enter the competitive market. This study aims to analyze the market penetration strategy of Makassar's Sarabba traditional beverage product in an effort to expand its reach and increase competitiveness in local and national markets. Sarabba, as a traditional spice-based drink, has high cultural value and economic potential but faces challenges in terms of marketing and adaptation to modern consumer tastes. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study, through direct observation, interviews with business actors, and documentation analysis. The results showed that the market penetration strategy implemented includes product innovation in the form of ready-to-eat packaging, utilization of digital media for promotion, and collaboration with local MSMEs and creative industry players. With the implementation of effective marketing strategies (4P), Saraba can maintain its traditional flavors while reaching new consumers in local and national markets. This research contributes to the development of marketing strategies for traditional products and suggests ways to improve the competitiveness of local products in the international market. This strategy is considered effective in increasing the visibility of Sarabba products among the younger generation and tourists. This research suggests the need for local government support in the form of training, product certification, and market access facilitation to strengthen Sarabba's existence as a competitive local culinary identity in the era of globalization.

This article examines teacher empowerment and the professionalism of educators in Indonesia during the Reformasi and post-Reform era, with a comprehensive academic review approach. The Reform era marked a significant change in education governance, particularly in terms of decentralization and autonomy that provided greater space for independent and contextual teacher capacity development. This research highlights various policies implemented to improve the quality of educators, such as teacher certification programs, continuous training, and welfare improvement which are the main focus of the government. However, real challenges still arise related to quality disparities between urban and rural areas and educational infrastructure constraints that affect the effectiveness of teacher empowerment. This article also discusses how teachers' professionalism is not only measured from the technical aspects of teaching, but also from the ability to adapt to new curricula and educational technology developments. Thus, teacher empowerment in the Reformasi era and post-Reformasi is an important foundation in efforts to improve the quality of national education in a sustainable manner. These findings are expected to be a reference for policymakers and education practitioners in formulating more effective and inclusive educator development strategies.

This study aims to uncover teachers' views on the impact of certification on the quality of teaching and their welfare. Teacher certification is a government program that aims to improve the quality of education through professional recognition of teachers who have met certain competency standards. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method through a literature review of various journals and relevantiliteratureisources. Theiresultsiof theianalysis show that a number of teachers experienced an increase in pedagogical competence, self-confidence, and teaching enthusiasm after obtaining certification. However, some others felt that the impact of certification had not been felt too much, especially due to the increasing administrative burden and the lack of further training. On the other hand, certification also provides benefits to teacher welfare through the provision of professional allowances, although there is still inequality in its distribution. This study highlights the importance of continuous evaluation of certification policies, accompanied by reducing administrative burdens and strengthening post-certification training to support teacher professionalism and welfare as a whole.

In the midst of increasingly fierce modern market competition, traditional beverage products such as sarabba from Makassar began to enter the competitive market. This study aims to analyze the market penetration strategy of Makassar's Sarabba traditional beverage product in an effort to expand its reach and increase competitiveness in local and national markets. Sarabba, as a traditional spice-based drink, has high cultural value and economic potential but faces challenges in terms of marketing and adaptation to modern consumer tastes. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study, through direct observation, interviews with business actors, and documentation analysis. The results showed that the market penetration strategy implemented includes product innovation in the form of ready-to-eat packaging, utilization of digital media for promotion, and collaboration with local MSMEs and creative industry players. With the implementation of effective marketing strategies (4P), Saraba can maintain its traditional flavors while reaching new consumers in local and national markets. This research contributes to the development of marketing strategies for traditional products and suggests ways to improve the competitiveness of local products in the international market. This strategy is considered effective in increasing the visibility of Sarabba products among the younger generation and tourists. This research suggests the need for local government support in the form of training, product certification, and market access facilitation to strengthen Sarabba's existence as a competitive local culinary identity in the era of globalization.

The urgency of consumer protection in Sharia-compliant transactions has become increasingly prominent alongside the growth of the halal industry and rising public awareness of transactional justice based on Islamic principles. This study aims to formulate the theoretical and normative construction of consumer protection within the framework of Islamic law and to assess its compatibility with Indonesia’s positive legal system. Employing a normative juridical approach combined with a descriptive-analytical method, this research explores primary legal sources including Qur’anic verses, the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and scholarly opinions found in classical and contemporary fiqh al-mu‘āmalāt literature, as well as secondary legal sources such as Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, fatwas of the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and relevant academic literature. The analysis is conducted through content analysis to extract the values of justice, transparency, and balance of rights and obligations within contractual mechanisms. This study finds that core principles such as truthfulness (ṣidq), disclosure (bayān), and justice (‘adālah) constitute the essential foundation of consumer protection in the Islamic legal perspective. The prohibition of gharar (uncertainty), riba (usury), and tadlīs (fraudulent misrepresentation) is not merely a moral injunction but an integral safeguard mechanism for consumer rights. Furthermore, the institutional presence of supervisory bodies such as DSN-MUI and Sharia certification mechanisms has proven to be strategic, though they continue to face challenges in implementation, socialization, and consumer literacy. The findings also indicate a substantial opportunity for harmonizing Islamic legal principles with the national legal system within the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening sectoral regulations based on Sharia principles, integrating fatwas into positive legal norms, and enhancing educational capacity for both business actors and consumers in order to realize ethical, equitable, and sustainable transactions.