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This research is motivated by concerns about the decline in communication quality and character values among youth due to the use of slang language that does not adhere to proper linguistic norms, particularly through the widespread use of social media. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of slang language used on social media on the development of character values among female students at STITMA Yogyakarta, as well as to explore their perspectives on this phenomenon in daily life. This study employs a quantitative approach with a correlational method. Data collection techniques include questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The population consists of fourth- and sixth-semester female students from the Islamic Education (PAI) and Arabic Education (PBA) programs, with a sample of 75 students selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed using validity, reliability, normality, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing through the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results show that the calculated r-value of 0.967 is greater than the critical r-value of 0.2272, indicating a significant and positive influence between the use of slang language and character values. Thus, slang language is proven to impact the character development of female students in today’s digital era.

This research examines North Korea's violation of the principle of good faith under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and its legal consequences. The main issue addressed in this study is North Korea’s breach of the good faith principle within the framework of the NPT, which raises legal implications regarding its status and obligations as a party to the treaty. Although North Korea was formally bound by the NPT, it secretly developed a nuclear weapons program, demonstrating non-compliance with the fundamental principle of international treaty implementation. This issue was further exacerbated by its refusal to allow inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its unilateral withdrawal from the NPT, which has sparked debate over the legitimacy and legality of such action.Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes North Korea’s clandestine development of nuclear weapons while still a member of the NPT, as well as the validity of its withdrawal from the treaty. The findings show that North Korea violated the principle of good faith through its secret nuclear program, refusal of IAEA inspections, and withdrawal that did not meet the requirements of Article X of the NPT. The withdrawal may be deemed invalid as it was conducted in bad faith and without fulfilling the treaty's formal provisions. The legal consequences include the continued applicability of obligations under the NPT and state responsibility for breaches of international law. Ideal forms of accountability include the cessation of the nuclear program, payment of reparations, guarantees of non-repetition, and renewed compliance with NPT provisions through verifiable denuclearization.

The development of information technology is also growing rapidly. One of the sectors that is also affected is transportation. This study aims to analyze the Influence of Trust, Online Customer Reviews, and Discounts on Purchasing Decisions Through Purchase Intention where the Intervening Variable is Gofood users on the Gojek application. The analysis method is quantitative primary data, with the test stages of convergent validity, Discriminant validity, average variance extracted (AVE), R-Square, predictive relevance (Q2), F-Square, path coefficient, specific indirect effect. Data were obtained through a questionnaire instrument, with a total of 175 respondents, which were then tested using SmartPLS 4.0. The research findings show that the Trust and Discount variables partially influence Purchasing Decisions through Purchase Intention of Gofood users on the Gojek application. Meanwhile, the Online Customer Review variable does not partially influence Purchasing Decisions through Purchase Intention of Gofood users on the Gojek application.

Bullying is an aggressive act carried out calmly without burden, deliberately and repeatedly to attack a target or victim, who is specifically someone who is weak, easily teased and unable to defend themselves. Bullying can be caused by socio- cultural factors and also family factors. This research aims to find to find out how bullying behavior is described in teenagers at Stella Gratia Atambua High School. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive to see the picture of bullying behavior among teenagers at Stella Gratia Atambua High School. The population in this study is 268 students at Stella Gratia Atambua High School the sample of this research is 160 people with a side positive sampling technique. The instrument used in this research is olweus bully/victim questionare revised which has been carried out in a validity test. The result of research conducted at show that the level bullying behavior, show that the level of bullying behavior is in the low category as many as 158 respondents (98,75%).

Marriage is a legal relationship between two people recognized by the community based on applicable rules, and its form varies according to each culture. This research focuses on the perceptions of the people of Kranggan Wetan Village, Bekasi City, towards the wedding ceremony of the Believers of Aliran Kebatinan Perjalanan. The purpose is to describe the wedding ceremony process, understand the community's perception, and identify factors that influence the perception. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. To maintain data validity, source triangulation techniques were used. The result of the research shows that the wedding ceremony process of Penghayat Kepercayaan Aliran Kebatinan Perjalanan is generally similar to the wedding in general. The community's perception of this ceremony is positive as long as it does not conflict with the prevailing norms and rules. Factors that influence people's perception consist of internal factors such as personal experience and knowledge, and external factors such as social and cultural environment. This research provides a new understanding of the diversity of marriage practices in society.

Marriage is a legal relationship between two people recognized by the community based on applicable rules, and its form varies according to each culture. This research focuses on the perceptions of the people of Kranggan Wetan Village, Bekasi City, towards the wedding ceremony of the Believers of Aliran Kebatinan Perjalanan. The purpose is to describe the wedding ceremony process, understand the community's perception, and identify factors that influence the perception. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. To maintain data validity, source triangulation techniques were used. The result of the research shows that the wedding ceremony process of Penghayat Kepercayaan Aliran Kebatinan Perjalanan is generally similar to the wedding in general. The community's perception of this ceremony is positive as long as it does not conflict with the prevailing norms and rules. Factors that influence people's perception consist of internal factors such as personal experience and knowledge, and external factors such as social and cultural environment. This research provides a new understanding of the diversity of marriage practices in society.

The advancement of technology within organizations supports companies in innovating their work systems more efficiently and effectively. Technological sophistication has transformed the organizational work environment by enabling hybrid models that combine remote and in-office work. This research aims to examine the influence of hybrid work arrangements and dual role conflict on employee performance in Indonesia’s pharmaceutical sector. Data were gathered through a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to 185 employees working in the pharmaceutical industry across Indonesia. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27. The research instruments were tested for validity and reliability; validity was assessed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA MSA), including Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Anti-Image, and Factor Loadings. Normality was examined using the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Hypothesis testing employed multiple linear regression and t-tests. The findings indicate that both hybrid work systems and dual role conflict have a positive and significant impact on employee performance.

This research is motivated by the problem of the available LKPD still not being This research is motivated by the problem of the available LKPD still not being optimal in terms of development and use so that students are less interested in participating in learning. This is due to the lack of teacher motivation in creating innovative LKPD. Have never developed Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on Project Based Learning (PjBL) in learning, especially in science and science learning. Based on these problems, this research aims to develop PjB-based LKPD for science and science learning in class IV elementary schools that is valid, practical and effective. The type of research carried out is development research using the ADDIE development model. The test school was class IV students at SDN 12 Sintuk Toboh Gadang, while the research school was class IV students at SDN 11 Lubuk Alung. The research results obtained that the LKPD had a material validity level of 84.9%, language validity 88.8%, media validity 87.5% in the valid category. while the practicality test at the trial school obtained a percentage of 93.33%, for the teacher response questionnaire and 93.4% for the student response questionnaire in the very practical category. Furthermore, the practicality test at the research school obtained results of 90% for the teacher response questionnaire and 92.16% for the student response questionnaire in the very practical category. In the LKPD effectiveness test in the trial school the percentage was 89.64% and in the research school the percentage was 93% with both categories being very effective. It can be concluded that PjBL-based LKPD in grade IV elementary school science learning can be declared valid, practical and effective for use in the learning process.

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of parenting patterns on the independence of children in orphanages in Alang-alang lebar sub- district. The method used in this study is quantitative with a correlational research type. The population of this study was all children aged 5-6 years who lived in orphanages in Alang-alang lebar sub-district. The sample in this study was 20 children in orphanages in Alang-alang lebar sub-district with a random sampling method. Data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaires and documentation. After collecting the results of the questionnaire answers that had been distributed, the researcher processed the data using the SPSS Version 26 Program. The data analysis used was validity testing, reliability testing, simple linear regression, hypothesis testing and determination coefficient testing. After the analysis test was carried out, the calculated t > t table (8.956 > 2.093) and sig< 0.005 were obtained. Because the calculated t > t table, Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was an influence of parenting patterns on the independence of children in the Alang-Alang Lebar Sub-district Orphanage.

This study aims to explore and analyze the mechanisms of participatory communication in community-based tourism development, with a focus on strengthening community participation and understanding the dynamics of communication in community-based tourism development in Jatiluwih Tourism Village. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using purposive sampling techniques. Jatiluwih Tourism Village was selected due to its status as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site since 2012 and its significant potential for community-based tourism development, despite the community participation remaining suboptimal. Key informants include community leaders, tourism village managers, and community members directly involved in managing tourism based on local wisdom. Primary data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews, while secondary data were obtained from relevant documents and reports. Data validity was ensured through triangulation by comparing interview results, observations, and documents. The findings reveal that participatory communication—through access, voice, and control—plays a crucial role in the development of community-based tourism in Jatiluwih Tourism Village. While it has had positive impacts, gaps in control highlight the need for more inclusive mechanisms to ensure equitable community participation. This study underscores the importance of applying participatory communication to realize inclusive and sustainable community-based tourism.    

This study to describe the mechanism for implementing dividend policies at the Koperasi Karyawan Tjiwi Kimia based on Law No. 25 of 1992. The focus of the research is the fair and transparent distribution of the Sisa Hasil Usaha (SHU) based on member participation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to depict the dividend policy implementation mechanism at the Koperasi Karyawan Tjiwi Kimia. The research subjects are it’s management, and data is obtained through interviews and documentation. Data validity is ensured through triangulation and member checks. The results show that the Koperasi Karyawan Tjiwi Kimia applies principles of open membership, democratic management, member economic participation, community concern, profit orientation, and socio-economic welfare. The Koperasi Karyawan Tjiwi Kimia’s functions include economic empowerment of members, provision of goods and services, skill development, and security control. The research finds that SHU is divided into several parts: 60% for members, with the remainder allocated for reserves, management/employees, social purposes, and education. Factors influencing dividend policies include financial performance, decisions from the Annual General Meeting or Rapat Anggota Tahunan (RAT), and capital reserve.

This research is motivated because the teaching materials used are still conventional and students' understanding of problem solving is still in the low category. Therefore, this study aims to develop research and improve the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the Science learning module for Class V MI Muhajirin, Jambi City. Reach and Development (R&D) consists of four stages, namely, define, design, develop and disseminate. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Muhajirin, Jambi City. The instruments used were assessment questionnaires, teacher and student interview sheets along with test questions. The subjects in this study were grade V students consisting of 20 students. The results of this study indicate that the level of validity of the application of the learning module shows a percentage of 80% included in the very effective category, the level of practicality shows 92.8% with a very practical category and the level of effectiveness shows a percentage of 64.2% with a very valid category.

This research is motivated because the teaching materials used are still conventional and students' understanding of problem solving is still in the low category. Therefore, this study aims to develop research and improve the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the Science learning module for Class V MI Muhajirin, Jambi City. Reach and Development (R&D) consists of four stages, namely, define, design, develop and disseminate. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Muhajirin, Jambi City. The instruments used were assessment questionnaires, teacher and student interview sheets along with test questions. The subjects in this study were grade V students consisting of 20 students. The results of this study indicate that the level of validity of the application of the learning module shows a percentage of 80% included in the very effective category, the level of practicality shows 92.8% with a very practical category and the level of effectiveness shows a percentage of 64.2% with a very valid category.

The phenomenon of buying and selling photocards is growing among music fans, with X social media widely chosen as a platform for buying and selling due to its ease of access and wide reach. However, this practice often raises legal issues, especially regarding the occurrence of fraud by the seller through the provision of false evidence of goods or the sale of non-original goods. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of photocard sale and purchase agreements that contain elements of fraud. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the agreement containing elements of fraud does not fulfill the subjective aspects in the validity of the agreement as stipulated in the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), thus causing a defect of will. As a result, the agreement can be canceled through the mechanism of requesting cancellation in court.

This article aims to identify and analyze strategies for developing Arabic vocabulary (mufradat) in the context of contemporary language learning. Mastery of vocabulary is a key pillar in language skills, encompassing listening, speaking, reading, and writing abilities. Challenges in teaching Arabic today include low student motivation, limited learning media, and a lack of contextual and innovative approaches. Therefore, adaptive strategies are needed to meet the demands of modern times and technology. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, analyzing various scholarly sources such as journals, books, and research reports from the last fifteen years. The study reveals that effective strategies for vocabulary development include the use of interactive digital media, thematic approaches, project-based learning, and cooperative learning. The validity of these findings is reinforced through triangulation of sources and theories. Proper integration of these strategies has been proven to enhance vocabulary acquisition, student motivation, and active engagement in the Arabic language learning process. This study is expected to serve as a reference for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers in designing more effective and contextual vocabulary learning.

This study is founded on the issues identified, specifically the dearth of learning resources, the LKPD's lack of training in mathematical critical thinking, and the fact that the LKPD that is currently available was created by educators who did not follow a scientific methodology, which has led to students' low levels of mathematical critical thinking. In order to educate mathematical critical thinking skills in class VIII MTsS Asy-Syarif Koto Laweh for the 2023–2024 academic year, this project intends to produce LKPD based on a scientific approach that satisfies the requirements of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Using Sugiyono's development paradigm, this study is called research and development, or R&D. Student answer surveys, mathematical critical thinking ability assessments, and validation sheets are the equipment. The techniques for data analysis that are employed are validity analysis, practicality analysis, analysis of effectiveness. Based on development study conducted, LKPD is obtained with a validity level of 84.2%, of which 82.33% are on extremely practical criteria, 78.94% are on effective criteria, and 82.33% are on highly valid criteria for the level of practicality. We may conclude that the LKPD Asy-Syarif Koto Laweh created, which is based on the Scientific Approach to Train Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills in Class VIII MTsS, satisfies the requirements of being valid, practical, and efficient.

This meta-methodological study evaluates 127 research articles on war-induced trauma in the Middle East, published between 2000 and 2023, with the aim of developing a methodological standardization framework capable of addressing the region-specific contextual complexity. The findings reveal a marked degree of heterogeneity in the methodological approaches employed (χ² = 78.45, p < .001), with 42.5% of the studies utilizing cross-sectional designs, 28.3% employing longitudinal methods, and 29.2% adopting mixed-methods approaches. Meta-regression analysis indicates a highly significant correlation between methodological rigor and the validity of research findings (r = .78, p < .001), reinforcing the importance of consistency in study design. The evaluation of instrument reliability reveals significant variation (α = .65–.92), with instruments based on DSM-5 criteria demonstrating the highest level of internal consistency (M = .86, SD = .08). Further analysis identifies five core components as critical in the methodological structuring of trauma studies within Middle Eastern conflict zones, namely cultural validation of instruments (β = .45, p < .001), data source triangulation (OR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.87–2.81]), contextualization of traumatic experience (R² = .56), sensitivity to conflict dynamics (κ = .82), and the application of ethics tailored to the local context (ICC = .79). These findings extend the work of Bush and Duggan (2013) on methodological biases rooted in Western epistemologies. Additionally, they advance the conclusions of Patel and Hall (2021) regarding the absence of cultural validity in cross-conflict studies, as this research introduces an integrated methodological framework that systematically synthesizes local perspectives with international scientific standards. The primary contribution of this study lies in the development of the Trauma Research Standardization Index (TRSI), a newly designed instrument intended to assess methodological alignment with the specific conflict context of the Middle East. The TRSI demonstrates verified construct validity (construct = .88) and high test-retest reliability (.92), making it a potentially valuable tool in standardizing trauma research across Middle Eastern contexts.

This research was motivated by the problems found, namely the lack of learning media, the LKPD used had not trained mathematical problem solving abilities, the existing LKPD was LKPD created by educators who had not been connected to Islamic teachings, resulting in a decline in students' mathematical problem solving abilities. This research aims to produce LKPD integrating Islamic values to train problem solving skills in class This research is development research or RnD using the Sugiyono development method. The instruments used were validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and mathematical problem solving ability tests. The data analysis techniques used are validity data analysis, practicality analysis, and effectiveness analysis. Based on the development research that has been carried out, an LKPD with a validity level of 80% is in the valid qualification, for the practicality qualification, namely 78.41% is in the practical criteria, and for the effectiveness level, namely 80,76% is in the effective qualification. It can be concluded that the LKPD integrates Islamic values to train mathematical problem solving abilities  which was developed including valid, practical and effective criteria.

This journal defines public policy as actions taken by governmental authorities to address specific social issues and emphasizes citizen participation as a key element in the democratic process. It outlines the importance of community involvement in policymaking to enhance legitimacy, governmental accountability, and the quality of policies. Factors influencing citizen participation include education, socioeconomic status, and access to information. The theoretical framework underscores the significance of active participation for successful community development, particularly highlighting the role of Generation Z in political engagement through digital platforms.Various methods for involving citizens in decision-making—such as public forums, surveys, and online platforms—are discussed, alongside the benefits of integrating technology to promote transparency and inclusivity. To explore this phenomenon in depth, a qualitative research method with an exploratory case study approach is employed. The study involves in-depth interviews with key informants such as public officials, representatives of civil society organizations, and Generation Z citizens who are actively engaged in digital participation. Additionally, participatory observation of public policy forums and documentation of various technology-based participatory initiatives are conducted. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns, themes, and factors that influence the effectiveness of citizen participation in policymaking. Data validity is ensured through source and method triangulation, as well as member checking with selected respondents.This paper also presents case studies of successful participatory initiatives while addressing challenges such as unequal power dynamics and limited access to information. The recommendations focus on strategies to raise awareness, enhance transparency, encourage inclusivity, and foster a culture of active participation to ensure that policies reflect the diverse needs of society. Overall, meaningful citizen engagement is deemed essential for effective governance and policymaking.

This study explores the social and psychological dynamics of the collective expression of the Indonesian youth through the hashtag #KaburAjaDulu on TikTok social media, which reflects their concerns about inequality in access to work and lack of opportunities for self-development. This study uses qualitative methodology and a virtual ethnography approach to analyze data, covering social interactions and meaning construction in virtual communities. Primary data sources involve real-time monitoring using tools such as Brand24, which captures the frequency and sentiment of posts. Secondary data sources are obtained from literature related to labor migration, digital expression, and network society theory. Data collection techniques combine passive online observation and thematic classification, while data analysis is carried out through content analysis to identify dominant discourse patterns and sentiments. Data validity is tested using source triangulation, comparing netnography findings with scientific references and policy documentation. The results show that the hashtag #KaburAjaDulu is not just an expression of jokes, but a symbol of structural alienation and the aspirations of the young generation to seek better life opportunities abroad. The discussion highlights the implications of this social critique for migration policies and the protection of migrant workers. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of adaptive government responses and more inclusive policies to address the aspirations of the younger generation.