Publication Search

Fermentation of seluang fish (Rasbora spp.) pekasam is a traditional method for extending shelf life and enhancing flavor, typically produced through spontaneous fermentation dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, uncontrolled production processes lead to significant variability in product quality. This research aims to optimize the fermentation process of seluang fish pekasam through a series of controlled microbiology-based experimental practicums. The experiments were designed to investigate the impact of two main parameters: (1) the use of a LAB starter culture isolated from high-quality pekasam, and (2) the control of incubation temperature (e.g., at 25°C and 30°C). During the fermentation period, samples were periodically analyzed to measure changes in physicochemical parameters, including pH, moisture content, and salt concentration. Microbiological analysis was performed to count the populations of LAB and other spoilage microbes. The results showed that the use of a LAB starter culture significantly accelerated the pH drop within the first 24 hours, reaching a critical pH below 4.5, which effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic microbes. Furthermore, the optimal raw material ratio and controlled incubation temperature resulted in pekasam with a firmer texture and a more balanced sour-savory taste, differing significantly from spontaneously fermented products. Organoleptic tests confirmed panelists' preference for the product made with the optimal treatment. The conclusion of this study is that optimization through microbiology-based experimental practicums is key to the standardization and improvement of the quality and food safety of pekasam products.

Corporate corruption poses a significant threat to economic stability and public trust. Traditional punitive sanctions, such as substantial fines or dissolution, often fail to achieve restorative justice and can lead to unintended consequences, including harm to innocent employees and stakeholders. This paper explores the imperative of developing alternative sanctions for corporations implicated in corruption cases, with a central focus on establishing a framework grounded in fairness. Through a normative juridical research method employing statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the limitations of the current punitive paradigm. It examines various alternative sanctions, including Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPAs), Non-Prosecution Agreements (NPAs), corporate monitorship, and mandatory compliance program overhauls. The findings indicate that these alternatives offer a more flexible and effective mechanism for balancing accountability with corporate rehabilitation. They create opportunities to incentivize self-reporting, cooperation, and genuine internal reform. This paper concludes that by integrating principles of proportionality, restorative justice, and forward-looking prevention into the legal framework, a fairer and more effective corporate sanctioning system can be developed. Such a system would not only penalize misconduct but also foster a culture of corporate integrity and contribute more effectively to the broader fight against corruption.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the design industry by introducing innovative tools that enhance efficiency, creativity, and personalization in the design process. This article explores the impact of AI technologies on the practice of modern designers, from the early stages of idea generation to the final execution of projects. By analyzing case studies, conducting surveys, and reviewing recent literature, the study reveals that AI functions not only as a tool but also as a collaborator that expands the boundaries of human creativity. It allows designers to explore new possibilities and push the limits of traditional design processes. However, the integration of AI into design practices also raises important ethical and professional challenges, such as concerns about job displacement, data privacy, and the potential loss of human touch in the creative process. Despite these concerns, the findings highlight that embracing AI is crucial for designers to remain competitive and sustain their careers in the rapidly evolving digital era. Adapting to AI technologies, understanding their capabilities, and effectively incorporating them into creative workflows will enable designers to stay relevant and thrive in a landscape where technology continues to reshape the industry. This study provides insights into the evolving relationship between human designers and AI, offering recommendations for future research and practice in the field of design.

This study investigates the integration of conversational AI tools to enhance pronunciation, listening comprehension, and learner autonomy in second language education. An experimental design was implemented, involving pre-tests, post-tests, questionnaires, and interviews to evaluate learners’ progress after engaging in AI-driven conversation practice. The results indicate significant improvements in pronunciation and listening comprehension, with learners reporting higher confidence, motivation, and independence in managing their own learning. The discussion interprets these outcomes through the lens of second language acquisition theory, emphasizing AI’s role as an accessible conversational partner and its contribution to learner autonomy and lifelong learning. A comparison with previous studies reveals that this research not only confirms the linguistic benefits of AI-assisted learning but also highlights its transformative potential in fostering self-directed learning. The study concludes that conversational AI can serve as an effective complement to traditional instruction, offering both linguistic and motivational advantages for learners in the digital age.

Toraja woven fabric is a significant cultural heritage of the Indonesian archipelago, known for its high artistic value and immense potential as a regional leading product. Despite this, challenges remain, particularly in terms of human resource management, which tends to be relatively simple, and the limited use of digital media in marketing. To address these issues, a Community Service Program (PKM) was implemented with the goal of enhancing the human resource capacity at the UNNONI Weaving Center, as well as expanding its marketing reach through the utilization of digital media. The methods employed in the program included identifying the core problems, providing HR management training, conducting digital marketing workshops (focusing on social media and online marketplaces), mentoring, and evaluating the program’s outcomes. The HR management training emphasized improving business management, task distribution, production recording, and enhancing teamwork. The digital marketing training covered the creation of social media accounts, content creation using Canva, branding strategies, and utilizing online marketplaces for promotion. The results indicated a significant improvement in both management and marketing aspects. The HR at the weaving center began implementing more organized production records, work coordination improved, and the UNNONI social media accounts became actively used for promotional purposes. Additionally, the Shopee marketplace was utilized, allowing consumers from outside the region to purchase products. These results demonstrate the successful integration of traditional craftsmanship with modern digital tools to enhance business sustainability and reach

Government procurement, particularly in Indonesia, remains highly susceptible to corruption due to systemic regulatory loopholes and excessive human discretion, often characterized by collusion and bid-rigging. This institutional vulnerability defines the traditional "boundaries of corruption" as the discretionary corridors within existing administrative law. This research aims to fundamentally redesign these boundaries by shifting control from human discretion to technological enforcement. This study employs normative legal research focusing on the Presidential Regulation on Procurement, integrated with a technological design approach relevant to the journal. The core contribution is a reform model proposing the mandatory integration of AI-powered Smart Contracts and Distributed Ledger Technology (Blockchain) into the public procurement process. Key findings indicate that the primary corrupt boundary lies in ambiguous clauses concerning direct appointments and contract amendments. We propose that an AI-based system can monitor real-time pricing anomalies and bidder networks (network analysis), while Smart Contracts can automate and audit execution, thereby eliminating human factor vulnerability. This redesign transforms the boundaries of corruption from a matter of criminal enforcement to one of algorithmic inevitability, providing a robust, transparent, and self-auditing framework for digital governance.

This article explores the issue of homosexuality from a Christian theological perspective by examining biblical teachings, traditions of the church, and contemporary theological discourse. Homosexuality has long been a controversial topic in Christianity because it is often associated with moral and doctrinal debates. This study aims to analyze how Christian theology interprets homosexual orientation and behavior, as well as how the church responds pastorally to individuals who identify as homosexual. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, this study reviews interpretations of biblical passages such as Genesis 19:1–29, Leviticus 18:22, Romans 1:26–27, and 1 Corinthians 6:9–10, which are frequently cited in discussions about homosexuality. The findings reveal that there are at least three dominant perspectives within Christianity: the conservative view, which rejects homosexual practice as sin; the moderate view, which distinguishes between homosexual orientation and action; and the liberal or progressive view, which accepts homosexuality as part of human diversity. The article concludes that the Christian view of homosexuality cannot be generalized and is influenced by historical, cultural, and denominational contexts. Therefore, a compassionate and dialogical pastoral approach is needed to uphold truth while welcoming all individuals with dignity.

Karang Taruna is a youth organization that plays a strategic role in developing the social and economic capacity of rural communities. However, local potential is often underutilized due to limited entrepreneurial knowledge, managerial skills, and access to mentoring. This community service program aimed to assist the Karang Taruna of Kedungturi Village, Taman Subdistrict, Sidoarjo, in fostering an entrepreneurial spirit based on the village’s local resources. The implementation method applied a participatory approach that directly involved youth through several stages: village potential mapping, entrepreneurship training, business mentoring, and facilitation of digital marketing access. The mentoring process provided not only theoretical knowledge but also practical experience in developing business ideas that correspond to local resource characteristics.The results of the program indicated an increased understanding among Karang Taruna members regarding entrepreneurship concepts, business management strategies, and the use of digital technology. Furthermore, the program successfully initiated three new business ventures based on local potential, namely traditional culinary products, waste-based handicrafts, and digital services. The establishment of a youth entrepreneurship team under Karang Taruna further strengthened collective commitment to developing the village’s creative economy. The impacts were not limited to improved skills but also included the growing awareness of the importance of local resource–based economic independence.In conclusion, this program demonstrates that participatory mentoring through Karang Taruna can serve as an effective strategy to strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit of rural youth while promoting local economic independence and sustainability.

This study investigates the effectiveness of virtual debate platforms in enhancing English as a Second Language (ESL) learners’ critical thinking, speaking fluency, and argumentation skills. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with intermediate-level ESL students as participants. Data were collected through critical thinking tests, speaking fluency rubrics, and argumentation rubrics, complemented by qualitative analysis of recorded debates. The results indicate significant improvements in students’ critical thinking abilities, fluency in spoken English, and the quality of their arguments, including structure, relevance of evidence, and coherence. Furthermore, virtual debates fostered higher levels of student engagement compared to traditional classroom discussions. These findings underscore the pedagogical potential of integrating technology-based debate activities into ESL instruction, providing interactive and collaborative learning opportunities that address the limitations of conventional teaching methods. The study concludes with recommendations for incorporating virtual debates into ESL curricula and suggests future research on the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) to further enhance language learning experiences.

Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) has rapidly gained popularity and is increasingly utilized across various fields, including education, where it plays a significant role as a supporting tool for academic tasks. In the educational context, ChatGPT can assist students in preparing and completing a wide range of assignments, providing quick access to structured information and alternative perspectives. This study was designed to explore the views of both students and lecturers on the integration of ChatGPT in academic activities, specifically as a support system for handling student assignments. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews with 5 students and 6 lecturers from the Business Education Study Program at the State University of Surabaya. The findings reveal contrasting yet complementary perspectives. From the students’ point of view, ChatGPT offers considerable benefits, particularly in enhancing independence, efficiency, and time management when working on lecture assignments. However, these advantages are accompanied by drawbacks, such as decreased creativity, reduced critical thinking, and diminished interest in consulting traditional learning resources like books. On the other hand, lecturers acknowledge the usefulness of ChatGPT in simplifying student work and accelerating the completion of assignments but express concerns regarding the overreliance on artificial intelligence, which could potentially hinder the development of essential academic skills. Overall, the research suggests that while ChatGPT presents valuable opportunities to enhance learning processes, it must be applied thoughtfully, with careful guidance from educators to balance efficiency with the cultivation of creativity, critical thinking, and academic integrity.

Ruth's life is a depiction of a devout and faithful person. Her simple and obedient life has transformed all aspects of her life. The form of love that Ruth showed to Naomi has opened a great opportunity for Ruth to experience an encounter with Boaz. The bitterness of her life did not make her spirit run aground and disappear. Ruth experienced redemption carried out by Boaz. The expression go'el, which means redemption, is an expression that signifies an act that provides relief and comfort. The marriage of Ruth and Boaz is known as a levirate marriage, and this tradition has been passed down through generations until the New Testament era. Ruth was a woman from Moab. She was not a member of the nation of Israel, but Ruth received the gift of the opportunity to experience redemption. In this scientific paper, the researcher aims to explore the meaning of redemption contained in the Book of Ruth. The entire story of Ruth and Boaz's journey until its culmination, namely Ruth's redemption by Boaz, is a shadow image of God's plan and God's act of execution through the Person of Jesus Christ, namely the redemption of sinful humans that Jesus accomplished on the cross. This research uses a qualitative literature method. The qualitative literature study method used by this researcher is based entirely on literature review. Literature-based research is part of a research proposal, collecting data from sources such as books, articles, journals, online media, and other documents. In the New Testament, there are numerous verses explaining that the atonement for sins was performed only by Jesus Christ. Jesus' atonement is offered to all people, regardless of their nationality, just as Ruth received the gift of redemption from Boaz.

This study analyzes the application of the compound interest concept in evaluating capital growth among vegetable vendors at the MMTC Traditional Market in Medan, North Sumatra. The research highlights the low level of financial literacy among micro-entrepreneurs in Indonesia, which currently stands at only 38.03%, and its implications for business sustainability. Traditional market traders generally employ basic bookkeeping practices focused solely on daily cash flow, without considering the time value of money or the growth potential from systematic profit reinvestment. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study combines semi-structured interviews to explore existing financial management practices with quantitative modeling based on the discrete compound interest formula to simulate various capital growth scenarios. The analysis reveals that disciplined reinvestment strategies, even when initiated with modest capital and conservative growth rates, can lead to substantial capital accumulation within three to five years. Three primary barriers to capital growth were identified: limited understanding of financial mathematics, lack of long-term planning, and a tendency to prioritize immediate consumption over investment. This research underscores the transformative potential of compound interest principles for micro-enterprise development and recommends practical financial literacy training along with supportive financial ecosystems that encourage sustainable reinvestment practices.

Efficient operations of PT PLN, as a vital electricity provider, heavily rely on effective service management, including customer data collection and payment processing. Employee performance supervision is crucial to ensure optimal results and customer satisfaction, given that traditional manual systems often suffer from inefficiencies, inaccuracies, and delays. This research aims to develop and implement a web-based performance monitoring system for electricity bill delivery officers to enhance operational efficiency and accountability at PT PLN. The Waterfall method was adopted as a systematic development framework, encompassing stages of requirements analysis, design using Unified Modeling Language (UML) such as use case diagrams and activity diagrams, implementation with PHP and MySQL, and black box testing to validate system functionality. The results of the black box testing indicate that all main functions of the system, including user authentication, user data management, uploading of daily reports and supporting files by officers, and the administrator's ability to monitor and review reports, function as expected. The successful implementation of this system indicates its capability to overcome the limitations of manual methods and provide real-time visibility into the performance of field officers. Thus, this web-based monitoring system not only contributes to improving data accuracy and operational efficiency at PT PLN but also supports more informative and strategic managerial decision-making, aligning with digital transformation initiatives in the energy sector

Ineffective management of household waste in rural areas, such as Aek Korsik Village, Aek Ledong District, Asahan Regency, causes air pollution due to traditional waste burning practices. This research aims to design and implement an environmentally friendly low-smoke waste incinerator as an alternative solution based on simple technology and local resources. The research methods used are technological engineering approaches and field studies, including tool design, trials, and environmental and social impact evaluation. The furnace is designed using heat-resistant local materials and mild steel, features a dual ventilation system and a smoke exhaust system with a simple filter, and has a combustion capacity of 5 kilograms per cycle. Preliminary studies show that the composition of waste is dominated by organic matter (60%), plastic and paper (30%), as well as the rest are inorganic. Testing over several weeks showed that an average burn time of 1.5 hours was able to reduce smoke emissions by up to 60% compared to conventional methods. The air quality around the test site has improved significantly, and the community has responded positively to the ease of use and environmental benefits of the furnace. This study concludes that low-smoke combustion furnaces are effective as environmentally friendly waste management solutions in villages, with recommendations for increasing combustion capacity and integrating other waste management methods to support sustainability and environmental preservation.

Contemporary hadith thought emerged as an attempt to address the challenges of modernity, which demands a more contextual understanding of Islamic teachings. Various new approaches, such as historical-critical, hermeneutics, and the maqasid al-shari'ah (the principles of Islamic jurisprudence), have been developed to connect hadith texts with modern social, political, and scientific realities. This article examines critiques and reflections on contemporary hadith thought through an interdisciplinary approach. The results show that although contemporary approaches make significant contributions to revitalizing the relevance of hadith, they have weaknesses such as potential relativism, deconstruction of hadith authority, and a disconnect with the classical tradition of hadith scholars. Interdisciplinary reflection offers a middle ground by integrating hadith studies with the social sciences, humanities, and sciences, allowing understanding of hadith to continue to develop without losing its normative authority. This article emphasizes the importance of dialogue between classical traditions and modern approaches in maintaining a balance between fidelity to the text and contextual needs. An interdisciplinary approach to hadith studies can bridge these gaps by fostering dialogue between traditional Islamic scholarship and modern academic fields such as social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences. By combining these disciplines, scholars can explore how hadith texts can be interpreted in ways that are both faithful to their original meaning and responsive to contemporary challenges. This integration can help preserve the normative authority of hadith while addressing modern issues such as ethics, politics, and technology. Ultimately, the interdisciplinary approach provides a framework for reconciling the classical and modern understandings of hadith, ensuring that the teachings of Islam remain relevant and authoritative in today’s rapidly changing world.

This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to improve the competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of poor crackers in Setu Kulon Village, Weru District, Cirebon Regency, through Instagram-based digital promotion strategies. The problems faced by partners include minimal digital literacy, limited promotion, and still relying on conventional marketing. Through training activities, mentoring, and promotional content creation, students play an active role as digital transformation facilitators for business actors. The results of the activities show an increase in the ability of partners to manage social media accounts and the opening of new markets outside the region. This activity proves that the use of social media can be an effective, cheap, and applicable solution in the development of local-based traditional MSMEs

This study examines the integration of Maqasid al-Sharia the objectives of Islamic law into contemporary sustainable development frameworks, focusing on how Islamic ethical principles can guide social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Maqasid al-Sharia traditionally aims to preserve five core elements: religion, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth, all of which contribute to human well being. The research explores how these principles can be adapted to address modern challenges such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation, highlighting the potential of Maqasid al-Sharia to align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Key Islamic principles, including justice (ʿadl), public welfare (maṣlaḥah), and ecological stewardship (khilafah), provide a moral framework for sustainable development, ensuring that economic growth is achieved alongside social justice and environmental preservation. The study also examines the role of Islamic finance, particularly tools like Sukuk, Zakat, and Waqf, in promoting sustainability by funding social welfare projects and supporting environmental initiatives. By comparing Maqasid al-Sharia with secular sustainability models, the research underscores the importance of integrating ethical and spiritual accountability into sustainability efforts. While secular models often prioritize economic growth, Islamic sustainability frameworks emphasize the interconnectedness of human development, social justice, and ecological balance, offering a more holistic approach. The findings suggest that integrating Maqasid al-Sharia into policy and development frameworks can provide a comprehensive, ethically grounded approach to addressing global sustainability challenges. Future research should focus on empirical studies to assess the practical application of Maqasid al-Sharia in real world sustainable development projects and policy making, particularly in Muslim majority societies.

The objective of this community service activity is to facilitate the development of students' talents and interests in dance art. In addition to demonstrating proficiency in existing dance forms, students are expected to demonstrate the capacity to create original dance compositions inspired by local traditions. It is therefore essential to enhance the creativity of students in order to facilitate the development of their cognitive, psychomotor and affective abilities in alignment with the requirements of the curriculum. The Meusare creation dance training programme was conducted over a three-day period, from 9 am to 11 am, utilising a demonstration approach that integrated lecturers and students in the practice of diverse movement techniques. The dancers participating in the programme are students who have demonstrated aptitude and interest in the field of dance. The group comprises 10 women and 10 men. As a consequence of this training, the students were able to perform the Meusare-sare with their group, in a simple stage setting in front of the principal, the board of teachers, and all students at the school. The students' performance is the result of training in the form of PBL and can be appreciated by the school and other parties, thus ensuring the continuity and utility of this service.

Monitoring is an activity that examines a condition to obtain all necessary information. The outcomes monitoring can act as a guide for formulating strategies. Researchers found that in Kalembu Kaha Village, the monitoring of ongoing activities is still carried out traditionally, where the Kaur must go directly to the field to witness existing activities. Therefore, it is important to develop a monitoring system application so that all activities tracked instantaneously. In addition, this will facilitate effort Village Head to evaluate the progress of projects or activities carried out so that they can be on time. Through this research, was identified application, the Village Head can more easily monitor and supervise activities carried out by village officials. This allows the Village Head to evaluate and take action quickly and efficiently

The digital age has brought significant transformations to various sectors, including religious scholarship, where traditional structures of authority are being challenged by the rise of digital media and influencers. This study explores the implications of digital disruption in the Islamic context, focusing on how digital platforms are reshaping authority and epistemic legitimacy. In particular, the emergence of "religious digital creatives" is analyzed, highlighting how these influencers, often with little formal training but significant digital communication skills, have redefined religious authority. This shift away from traditional scholars, such as the ulama, who have been the custodians of religious knowledge, raises concerns about the authenticity and quality of religious teachings disseminated online. The study also examines the role of algorithm driven platforms, like AI-driven tafsir apps, and their impact on Islamic legal derivation and interpretation. While these platforms enhance accessibility, they also present challenges related to standardization and authenticity. By comparing traditional Islamic epistemology, which balances divine revelation, human reason, and scholarly rigor, with the decentralized authority of digital platforms, the study underscores the need for maintaining scholarly integrity and moral responsibility in the digital era. The research also highlights the importance of community trust in traditional scholarship, which is undermined by the lack of accountability in digital content. Ultimately, this study provides a framework for understanding the evolving relationship between Islamic epistemology and digital media, offering recommendations for preserving the core values of traditional scholarship while embracing the opportunities of digital innovation.