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This study discusses the character of Acha in the novel Mariposa by Luluk HF using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach. Acha is described as a teenager who is persistent in pursuing love, but has a complex inner conflict. This study was conducted because psychological issues, especially in teenagers, are very relevant in modern life. The method used is a qualitative-descriptive approach with Freud's structural analysis of personality, namely id, ego, and superego. In this study, Acha shows the dominance of the id when expressing love impulsively, the ego when adjusting to the bitter reality, and the superego when choosing honesty even though it is painful. The presence of supporting characters also strengthens Acha's psychological dynamics in the story. The results of the study show that Acha's internal conflict is a reflection of the struggle between desire, reality, and morality, and describes the process of maturing teenage characters. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of psychological dynamics in literary works and their relevance to the lives of teenagers today.

The entry of Islam into the archipelago is a historical process that takes place peacefully and culturally. The role of scholars is the main key in disseminating Islamic teachings through trade, educational, and socio-cultural approaches. Not only preaching, the scholars also mingle with the local community through marriage and the establishment of educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools. A persuasive and accommodating da'wah strategy for local culture is the main factor in the success of Islamization in various regions. In addition to religious aspects, Islam also has influence in the field of politics and government, both in the application of sharia values, morals, and the formation of Islamic political organizations. Through the study of literature and historical sources, this study shows that the process of spreading Islam in the archipelago is not forceful, but through the harmonious integration of values and culture.

Arrogance, referred to in the Quran as kibr, takabbur, or istikbār, is a serious moral issue with spiritual, social, and political dimensions that require careful consideration. Pride is a major obstacle in accepting divine truth and can contribute to the collapse of the social order, as depicted in the stories of Pharaoh, Qarun, and Iblis. In the modern context, pride appears in various complex forms, including intellectual pride, political dominance, economic inequality and exclusivism. It has also evolved into a structural problem that causes discrimination, marginalization of minority voices, and global tensions. This study analyzes the concept of pride in the Qur'ān using a theoretical approach rooted in themes. This qualitative methodology allows for the development of inductive theories directly drawn from the sacred text. This approach overcomes the limitations of previous research, which is often fragmentary and descriptive. Through open, axial, and selective coding of Qur'anic verses and stories about pride, this study will reconstruct the definition, forms, and characteristics (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) of pride, as well as its consequences in this world and the hereafter. The results show that pride manifests in actions such as belittling others, boasting of self and wealth, rejecting the truth, and showing physical arrogance.

The phrase istighfar in forming and strengthening character education based on AIK (Al-Islam and Muhammadiyah) values. Istighfar as an expression of asking for forgiveness from Allah SWT has a deep spiritual meaning and strong relevance in forming a person's character that is noble, honest, and responsible. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, the author describes the importance of internalizing the phrase istighfar in everyday life as a means of introspection, self-improvement, and moral strengthening. AIK-based character education that integrates the practice of istighfar is expected to produce people who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also spiritually and socially superior. Thus, istighfar is not only a ritual of worship, but also a medium for self-transformation towards a perfect human being.

Mustofa Bisri's poem “Putra-Putra Ibu Pertiwi” shows the duality of Indonesian life through analysis of symbolism and deep meaning. The results show that there is a balance between good and bad, and morals are the determinants of life's journey. This poem has a social critique that shows how important it is to maintain moral principles amidst the difficulties faced by society today. This study enhances our understanding of the moral and social dynamics found in contemporary Indonesian literature and also expands our understanding of semantics and symbolics in literature.

Inclusive village development is a strategic priority in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with Village-Owned Enterprises ( BUMDes ) as the driving force of the local economy. However, the participation of vulnerable groups—such as people with disabilities , the elderly, women, and the poor—is still limited in BUMDes services . This study aims to evaluate the quality of BUMDes services in Daha Utara District through the SERVQUAL (Service Quality) approach which includes five dimensions: tangibles , reliability , responsiveness , assurance , and empathy . The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach . Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three categories of participants: BUMDes managers , vulnerable groups, and community leaders. The results of the study indicate that physical facilities ( tangibles ) are not inclusive, service reliability is disrupted by limited human resources, and the assurance dimension has not been supported by ongoing training. Meanwhile, the responsiveness and empathy dimensions are relatively good interpersonally , but are not yet structured institutionally. The main obstacles identified are the lack of budget, lack of training, and the absence of a formal complaint mechanism. On the other hand, moral support from village managers and figures is a supporting factor for service transformation. This study concludes that improving the quality of inclusive services requires a transformative and participatory approach , including adaptive digitalization and active involvement of vulnerable groups in planning. These findings are expected to be the basis for making fairer and more responsive village development policies.

This article discusses the expression development activities and character education of children at the Baitussalam Orphanage in Blitar Regency through a social service program with the theme "Children's Voices for the World Through Pictures and Words." This program is designed by dividing into 2 groups, namely for children aged 10-14 years with a focus on public speaking training aimed at increasing self-confidence, communication skills, and courage to speak in public. Meanwhile, for children aged 5-9 years, activities include coloring and storytelling which aim to hone creativity and language skills in a fun and interactive way. In addition to these activities, there is also material related to character education, which is an integral part of this program to form positive attitudes and moral values from an early age. The approach used is tailored to the developmental stage of the child's age, so as to maximize their potential for expression through pictures and words, as well as foster self-confidence and social skills that are important for their future. This program demonstrates that the development of public speaking and creative expression through art and storytelling can be an effective medium in children's character education in an orphanage environment.

Leadership in Islam, highlighting its ethical and pragmatic foundations. Good governance in Islam is deeply rooted in the principles of al-amanah (trustworthiness) and al-'adalah (justice), which are not only administrative norms but also moral and spiritual obligations. Leadership in Islam is understood as a sacred mandate carried out by the caliph, imam, and ulil amri, each of which has spiritual, moral, and executive dimensions. Prophetic qualities in the form of shidq (honesty), amanah (trustworthiness), fathonah (intelligence/wisdom), and tabligh (accurate delivery/communication) are ethical foundations that are inseparable from effective leadership. The qualifications of a Muslim leader are very diverse, ranging from faith, noble morals, justice, knowledge, courage, and devotion in public service. The way of government of the Prophet Muhammad SAW was inclusive and tolerant. The period of the Khulafaur Rasyidin (Abu Bakar, Umar, Uthman, and Ali) shows how government administration developed, even though it was full of challenges. This history proves that the principles of good governance in Islam remain strong, even in difficult times.

Design in the perspective of Hadith encompasses not only visual and physical aspects but also incorporates moral, social, and spiritual values taught in Islam. In everyday life, Islam encourages its followers to create an orderly, clean, and beneficial environment and lifestyle in accordance with the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This study employs a thematic Hadith approach by collecting and analyzing Hadiths related to the theme of design, such as cleanliness, simplicity, beauty, social balance, and sincere intention. The Hadith sources used include authentic collections such as Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, and Sunan Abu Dawood. The findings reveal that design, according to Hadith, is a comprehensive effort to shape a life aligned with Islamic values, emphasizing ethics, usefulness, and balance between worldly life and the hereafter. Thus, the concept of design in Hadith is not merely a matter of aesthetics but also a form of worship that reflects noble character and brings individuals closer to Allah SWT.

The development of digital technology has brought major changes in the behavior of the millennial and Z generations, including in the religious aspect. This article examines the strategy of internalizing prayer etiquette in the digital era as part of moral education. This study uses a qualitative approach through a literature study of literature on prayer etiquette, the character of the digital generation, and appropriate learning methods. The results of the study indicate that internalization of prayer etiquette among the digital generation must be carried out wisely through the use of digital media, strengthening the role of families and educational institutions, and integrating spiritual values ​​into everyday life. Education on prayer etiquette not only teaches the procedures for worship, but also forms character, such as awareness, solemnity, and discipline. Therefore, a contextual and creative approach is needed so that prayer values ​​can be embedded in the lives of the millennial and Z generations.

Folklore is a story that develops in the community and is spread orally that has a moral message. Legend is part of folklore that tells the history of a place. There are several legends in an area, in the Central Java area of ​​Kudus City there is one Legend, namely the Bulusan Legend. This research is a Qualitative study with a descriptive narrative type and content analysis method. This study aims to analyze the social values ​​in the book "Cerita Rakyat Pesisir Timur" by Mohammad Kanzunuddin about the Bulusan Legend. The qualitative approach technique provides an explanation of the hidden meaning in the legend text in depth and contextually. The data used are written facts in the form of books and journal articles. The results of the social value of the Bulusan legend, namely the story of the curse of Mbah Dudo and his students who turned into bulus show noble life values. The analysis reveals various moral teachings that are useful as social values ​​such as loyalty, cooperation, and common interests embedded in this legend.

This study explores the integral relationship between aqidah (faith) and sharia (Islamic law) in Islam as a unified system that governs a Muslim's way of life. Aqidah serves as the foundation of belief, while sharia represents the practical implementation of that faith across all aspects of life. The disintegration between these two elements has led to various negative social phenomena, including hypocrisy, secularism, and moral decline. Using a qualitative approach and library research method, this study deeply examines primary Islamic sources such as the Qur'an, Hadith, classical texts, and contemporary Islamic thought. The findings reveal that integrating aqidah and sharia education is an urgent necessity within Islamic educational systems, aiming to shape a generation of Muslims who possess a comprehensive understanding of faith and consistently practice Islamic teachings. This integrated educational model is essential for developing individuals with strong character, rooted in faith, and capable of facing contemporary challenges while adhering to divine values.

This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements and moral values contained in the folklore entitled "Dua Orang Sunan Beradu Jago". Folklore as part of intangible cultural heritage has a wealth of oral literature that is loaded with life messages and moral teachings. In this research using qualitative descriptive methods with content analysis techniques, which is to examine story fragments as the main data source. The intrinsic elements analyzed include themes, characters and plots, plots, settings, points of view, and mandates. While the moral values studied include aspects of human relationships with God, fellow human beings, and the environment. The research results show that this folk tale contains the theme of competition wrapped in religious nuances and local wisdom. The main character, namely two sunan people, is described as a highly educated figure but has their own ego. The story develops through an advanced plot that depicts a power struggle as a symbol of spiritual competition and power. The setting used highlights the cultural atmosphere of the Javanese coastal people. Moral values that can be taken include the importance of humility, staying away from pride, and putting common interests above personal ego. This research is expected to enrich the study of oral literature and become a means of preserving noble values in local culture.

Violations of campaign regulations in Indonesian elections, such as using places of worship for legislative candidate campaigns, remain common and are strictly prohibited under Article 521 in conjunction with Article 280 paragraph (1) letter h of Law Number 7 of 2017 on Elections. A notable case is the decision of the Kotabumi District Court Number 43/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Kbu, which sentenced a legislative candidate to one month of imprisonment and a fine of IDR 5 million. This study analyzes the judge’s considerations in this case using normative and empirical juridical approaches through literature reviews and interviews. The findings show that the judge considered juridical, philosophical, and sociological aspects, not only relying on formal legality but also on social and moral values within the community. Factors influencing the judge’s considerations include personal integrity, institutional pressure, and understanding of law and justice. The sentence was imposed as a form of guidance and deterrence, not merely punishment. The study recommends enhancing judges’ understanding of philosophical and sociological values through continuous training, active legal education by the Election Supervisory Board (Bawaslu) to political parties and the public, and regulatory evaluation to ensure laws adapt to social changes. Judges are expected to maintain independence and act firmly without interference to establish a clean and integrity-based judicial system.  

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi pendidikan karakter Kristen dalam keluarga di era kontemporer yang menghadapi berbagai tantangan globalisasi. Menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menganalisis landasan teologis, konsep teoretis, dan strategi implementasi pendidikan karakter Kristen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan karakter Kristen memiliki fondasi yang kuat dalam konsep Imago Dei dan mandat Alkitabiah, khususnya Ulangan 6:6-7 dan Efesus 6:4. Keluarga berfungsi sebagai ecclesia domestica yang menjalankan fungsi kerygma, koinonia, leiturgia, dan diakonia dalam pembentukan karakter anak. Nilai-nilai fundamental seperti buah Roh (Galatia 5:22-23) menjadi karakteristik utama yang perlu ditanamkan melalui metodologi keteladanan, pendekatan naratif, disiplin redemptif, dan ritual keluarga. Namun, tantangan kontemporer seperti sekularisasi, relativisme moral, teknologi digital, perubahan struktur keluarga modern, dan pluralisme agama memerlukan strategi adaptif. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan Teori Transformasi Karakter Holistik (TKTH) yang mengintegrasikan dimensi teologis-antropologis, psiko-sosial, pedagogis-metodologis, dan komunal-ekosistemik. Revitalisasi pendidikan karakter Kristen dalam keluarga menjadi kebutuhan mendesak untuk membentuk generasi dengan fondasi moral dan spiritual yang kuat di tengah dinamika perubahan sosial yang cepat.

In recent years, education has placed greater emphasis on academic achievement, often overlooking the importance of character and ethical development in students. However, instilling the value of adab (proper manners) before knowledge is essential as a foundational aspect of the learning process. Adab encompasses attitudes such as respect for teachers, honesty, responsibility, and politeness, which contribute to forming ethical individuals. This study aims to explore the significance of adab values in education as an effort to cultivate students' character and ethics from an early age. The research uses a literature review method by analyzing various sources from Islamic education and character education theories. The findings reveal that the integration of adab values can be achieved through teacher role modeling, fostering positive habits within the school environment, and embedding these values into learning materials. When consistently applied, these approaches create a conducive learning atmosphere and develop students who are not only intellectually capable but also morally upright. The study implies that a balanced approach to education, which emphasizes both knowledge and adab, should be instilled early in both school and family settings

This Moral education in basic education has an important role in shaping the character and morals of children from an early age. This research aims to highlight the importance of moral education in the basic education curriculum. This research method includes analysis of literature and secondary data related to the effectiveness of moral education in early childhood. The research results show that the integration of moral education in the basic education curriculum can increase moral awareness, empathy and positive behavior in students. The implications of this research indicate the need for greater emphasis on moral education at the basic education level to form a generation with noble morals.  

Leadership from an Islamic perspective is not merely about power, but rather a great trust grounded in moral and spiritual values. This article aims to examine the concept of Islamic leadership through a literature review of the Qur'an, hadith, scholarly opinions, and previous research findings. This study employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data were obtained from various scholarly sources, particularly journal articles, academic books, and relevant documents discussing leadership in the Islamic context. A total of 25 scientific articles were collected through online databases such as Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Garuda. Of these, 15 articles were selected and analyzed in depth based on criteria of substance relevance, contextual significance, and academic credibility. The findings indicate that justice, trustworthiness, consultation (shura), honesty, firmness, and patience are fundamental principles of Islamic leadership. The exemplary leadership of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the Rightly Guided Caliphs serves as an ideal model combining wisdom, compassion, and responsibility toward the community. These values remain relevant today as ethical foundations in addressing contemporary leadership challenges. Thus, Islamic leadership offers a comprehensive model that integrates professionalism and spirituality.

Public service in the Islamic perspective is a comprehensive concept, integrating religious principles with governance practices to achieve justice, efficiency, and public welfare. This concept is based on the Qur'an and Hadith, which emphasize values ​​such as justice (*'Adl*), responsibility (accountability), consultation (*Shura*), and welfare (*Maslahah*). Public service in Islam is not only a transaction, but also has moral and spiritual aspects, where providing the best service is considered as worship and a form of obedience to Allah. The scope of public service in Islam includes various important sectors such as education, health, law, and socio-economic welfare. Islamic history, especially in the era of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and the Khulafaur Rasyidin, shows concrete examples of the application of these principles, such as the construction of mosques as centers of learning, the establishment of hospitals, and the management of Baitul Mal for the fair distribution of resources. In the modern context, especially in Indonesia, Islamic values ​​have proven to play an important role in bureaucratic reform and improving the quality of public services. Despite facing obstacles such as lack of resources and integration between institutions, the application of Islamic principles in public services—as seen in Islamic hospitals and Islamic travel agents—shows the possibility of producing more just, humane, and quality services. Thus, the Islamic approach to public services provides an ethical framework that is flexible, responsive, and focused on the welfare of society.  

This research seeks to explore how the Adiwiyata program is implemented in fostering students' religious character through the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) at SMA Negeri 1 Tambakboyo.The research employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, focusing on exploring the direct experiences of teachers and students in carrying out the program. The data were obtained using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation techniques. The findings indicate that the Adiwiyata program not only contributes to raising environmental awareness but also plays a significant role in instilling character values such as responsibility, discipline, cooperation, and socio-ecological awareness. These values are internalized through reflective and participatory daily activities, such as classroom cleaning duties, waste management, composting, and energy-saving campaigns. All of these activities are carried out with active and structured involvement from teachers, the school principal, and the entire school community. Supporting factors include adequate facilities and infrastructure, habituation of positive behaviors, and the integration of religious values into environmental activities. However, some challenges remain, such as the low initial understanding of new students and inconsistent behavior change. The implication of these findings is that environmental programs, when integrated with character education, can serve as effective media for building students’ moral and religious values in a contextual and sustainable manner, in line with national education goals and Islamic principles.