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Stunting remains a significant nutritional issue because it can impact a child's long-term growth and development. A history of low birth weight (LBW) is suspected to play a role, reflecting the condition of fetal growth during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between a history of LBW and the incidence of stunting in children aged 2–5 years at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center in Semarang in 2025. This study used an analytical design with a case-control approach. The study sample consisted of 203 toddlers selected using consecutive sampling. Data were obtained from the KIA book and height measurements based on WHO standards. Analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio (OR) calculation. The proportion of LBW was 10.8% and stunting was 31.0%. There was a significant relationship between a history of LBW and the incidence of stunting (p = 0.012). Toddlers with a history of LBW had approximately a threefold greater risk of experiencing stunting compared to toddlers born with normal weight (OR = 3.059). There is a relationship between a history of low LBW and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 2-5 years at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center, Semarang in 2025.

This study examines the urgency of foreign nationals' (WNA) legal status and visa compliance in the vehicle rental business in Bali, as well as its impact on business disputes involving local entrepreneurs. The increasing number of international tourists visiting Bali has spurred the growth of vehicle rental services, yet it has also given rise to illegal practices by foreign nationals such as misuse of tourist visas for commercial purposes, tax evasion, and unfair business competition. This research adopts a normative juridical method using statute, conceptual, and case approaches, referring to key legal documents including Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, Law No. 6 of 2023 on Manpower, Ministerial Regulation No. 21 of 2016, and Bali Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2016 on Tour Guiding. The findings highlight the vulnerability of rental contracts under Article 1548 of the Indonesian Civil Code, risks of breach of contract, and widespread violations of the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) system, the penalties of which are imposed on rental owners. Nationality disparities and weak immigration oversight further undermine the effectiveness of law enforcement. This study concludes that legal protection for local business actors relies heavily on the legal clarity of WNA status, the appropriateness of 1 visa categories, and strong inter-agency coordination. The novelty of this research lies in integrating legal analysis of WNA legitimacy with a dispute resolution framework specific to the vehicle rental sector in Bali’s tourism landscape a perspective that has been largely overlooked in prior studies. The recommendations include strengthening rental contracts, enhancing coordinated supervisory mechanisms, and harmonizing civil and criminal law to establish a stronger deterrent effect.

This study aims to examine the utilization of classification codes in the sorting of records and non-records. The sorting of records and non-records is an important stage in information management. However, in practice, it is often not carried out systematically, resulting in the mixing of records and non-records with different values. This condition leads to disorganized records management and difficulties in information retrieval. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach. The data were obtained from scientific journals, books, and relevant regulations related to records management. Data collection was conducted through literature review, while data analysis was carried out descriptively through data grouping and interpretation. The results show that classification codes are used as a basis for distinguishing and grouping records and non-records according to organizational functions and activities, thereby supporting better organization in the sorting process. The implication of this study indicates that the use of classification codes supports more structured and systematic records management.

The Legal Unit plays a crucial role in ensuring compliance with banking regulations, particularly in managing customer documents related to data protection and legal risk reduction. This study aims to explore the role and performance of the Legal Unit in managing customer files at Bank Sumsel Babel, Kapten A. Rivai Main Branch, and to identify obstacles and possible solutions. The method chosen in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and document analysis, which were then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The research findings indicate that the Legal Unit is responsible for ensuring that document management is carried out regularly, securely, and in accordance with applicable banking regulations. The implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), internal supervision, and the use of digital archives contribute to legal compliance and minimize the risk of document loss and information leakage. Problems encountered include limitations in human resources and incompatibility with digital systems. Therefore, improvements in document management technology, training for human resources, and periodic SOP evaluation are needed to improve the effectiveness of the Legal Unit's work and maintain customer trust.

This research aims to examine the potential adaptation of Naval military logistics strategies to optimize humanitarian logistics distribution in remote archipelagic regions. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach of literature from the 2020-2026 period, this study dissects the concept of Sea-Based Logistics through domain, taxonomic, and componential analyses. The findings indicate that military advantages in floating infrastructure and integrated command chains can effectively bypass distribution barriers in areas lacking port facilities. The study concludes by recommending a military-civilian logistics integration model as a strategic solution for national logistics resilience in coastal areas. The effectiveness of this strategic adaptation relies not only on physical operational aspects but also on the synchronization of budgetary policies and the integration of information technology within the supply chain. From a logistics economics perspective, utilizing naval assets as floating bases mitigates the risk of high costs resulting from post-disaster land infrastructure damage. This synergy necessitates the establishment of collaborative Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) between military and civilian authorities to create a humanitarian logistics ecosystem that is more resilient, transparent, and capable of responding to crisis dynamics in outlying regions in real-time

This research investigates how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices influence the tax liabilities of consumer cyclical companies in Indonesia between 2020 and 2024. By employing the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) as a proxy for tax burden, the study analyzes 160 data points from 32 purposively selected firms. Utilizing a Fixed Effect Model for panel data regression, the empirical results indicate that superior ESG performance significantly correlates with a higher ETR. This suggests that corporations with higher sustainability transparency tend to exhibit better tax compliance and avoid aggressive tax avoidance schemes. Grounded in stakeholder and legitimacy theories, these findings underscore that ethical ESG adoption strengthens public accountability and enhances the integrity of corporate governance within the Indonesian capital market.

 The rapid adoption of smartphones among Indonesian digital natives has increased reliance on biometric authentication systems. However, empirical evidence regarding the relationship between user satisfaction and security risk awareness remains limited, particularly in developing-country contexts. This study investigates the behavioral dynamics of biometric security perception among 266 respondents, consisting of 221 high school students and 45 university students in Indonesia. A Python-based computational pipeline incorporating Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) validation and 1,000-iteration stochastic bootstrapping was employed to evaluate nonlinear behavioral patterns using Polynomial Regression and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multivariate analysis. The results confirm the existence of a nonlinear Security Paradox. While the overall population demonstrates a positive quadratic trajectory, the university student group exhibits a concave-down parabolic relationship (a=−0.0460), indicating a decline in perceived utility beyond a specific security threshold. The identified behavioral breaking point occurs at X≈5.45 (95% CI: 2.99–20.77), suggesting that excessive security hardening may reduce perceived usability and increase cognitive friction. Furthermore, the ablation analysis reveals that security risk awareness (p<0.001) is the strongest predictor of user satisfaction, exceeding the influence of daily usage intensity. Segment-level analysis further demonstrates behavioral divergence between respondent groups. High school students exhibit relatively uniform satisfaction toward biometric systems, whereas university students display greater variability and more critical perceptions regarding authentication friction. These findings indicate that highly rigid security configurations may become less effective for users with higher digital literacy and risk awareness. This study contributes a computationally validated behavioral framework for understanding security–utility trade-offs and provides a conceptual foundation for developing adaptive, user-centric, and friction-aware biometric authentication systems.

The development of digital technology has encouraged the transformation of the financial sector through the emergence of Sharia financial technology (fintech) as a financial service based on Islamic principles that emphasize justice, transparency, and public benefit (maslahah). The presence of various Sharia fintech products such as Sharia peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, Sharia crowdfunding, Sharia E-wallets, and digital ZISWAF (zakat, infaq, alms, and waqf) services is considered capable of increasing financial inclusion in Indonesia, especially for unbanked communities and MSMEs that have limited access to formal financial services. This study aims to analyze the innovation of Sharia fintech products, their role in increasing financial inclusion, and their conformity with the perspective of Islamic Economic Law. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach through collecting data from scientific journals, DSN-MUI fatwas, OJK and Bank Indonesia regulations, as well as various literature related to Sharia fintech published within the last five years. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively and analytically by examining the concepts, implementation, and regulations of Sharia fintech in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that Sharia fintech has a strategic role in expanding public access to financial services through the digitalization of financing, payments, and Islamic social fund collection. In addition to increasing Islamic financial inclusion and literacy, Sharia fintech also helps reduce transaction costs, facilitate MSME financing access, and expand the distribution of financial services to remote areas. From a Sharia perspective, the operation of Sharia fintech must continue to adhere to DSN-MUI fatwas and maqashid sharia principles in order to avoid elements of riba, gharar, and maisir and to create justice and public benefit for society. Therefore, Sharia fintech has a great opportunity to support the development of an inclusive and sustainable Islamic digital economy in Indonesia, although strengthening regulations, Sharia supervision, public education, and product innovation based on community needs are still required.

This study addresses the troubling increase in illegally managed micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM) operated by foreign nationals in Bali, which poses significant threats to local economic stability and fairness. The analysis focuses on the legal frameworks governing UMKM, including Law No. 20 of 2008 and the Online Single Submission (OSS) system, as well as the regulatory gaps that allow foreign entities to exploit these mechanisms for their gain. A multi-method approach was employed to evaluate the current situation, emphasizing the roles of local government initiatives, banking regulations, and community engagement in combating illegal business operations. The findings reveal a pressing need for enhanced verification processes, stricter compliance measures, and localized regulations to protect legitimate businesses from exploitation by foreign competitors. The study concludes that only through coordinated efforts among government bodies, financial institutions, and local enterprises can Bali achieve sustainable economic growth, ensuring that UMKM can thrive within a fair and equitable commercial landscape.

This research is motivated by the low speaking ability of elementary school students which is characterized by a lack of confidence, difficulty in expressing opinions in a coherent manner, and the lack of students' ability to express information clearly in learning Indonesian. These problems show that the learning that takes place has not fully provided opportunities for students to actively practice speaking skills. This research aims to Develop a booklet  based on Student Worksheets (LKPD) on interview text materials to support the speaking skills of grade IV elementary school students. The method used is research and Development with a 4D model which includes the define, design, and Develop stages. At the Development stage, the product is validated by media experts and subject matter experts to assess the feasibility level of the LKPD booklet  Developed. The results of the study showed that the LKPD booklet  obtained a feasibility percentage of 91.17% in the media aspect and 90.32% in the material aspect with a very feasible category. These results show that the LKPD booklet  Developed has met the eligibility criteria both in terms of appearance and content as teaching materials for learning Indonesian language in elementary schools. However, this research is still limited to the product validation stage, so further research is needed through field trials to determine the effectiveness of LKPD booklet s in improving students' speaking skills in more depth.

Economic growth in ASEAN countries has shown heterogeneous dynamics, particularly in the post-pandemic period. This study aims to analyze the effect of economic complexity, manufacturing value added, and foreign direct investment on economic growth in ASEAN-8 countries during 2015–2024. The study employs a quantitative explanatory approach using panel data regression analysis. The data were obtained from the World Development Indicators (World Bank) and Harvard Growth Lab. Based on the Chow and Hausman tests, the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) was selected as the best estimation model. The results indicate that economic complexity has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, suggesting that increasing economic sophistication does not automatically promote growth when industrial and institutional readiness remain limited. Meanwhile, the manufacturing sector has a positive but insignificant effect on economic growth. In contrast, foreign direct investment has a positive and significant effect on economic growth through capital accumulation and technology transfer. Simultaneously, all independent variables significantly affect economic growth in ASEAN-8 countries. These findings imply the importance of strengthening industrial capacity, institutional quality, and technological readiness to support sustainable economic growth in ASEAN countries.

Management psychology is an approach that plays a crucial role in understanding individual and group behavior within organizations, particularly in the ever-evolving educational and work environments. The application of psychological principles to management practice is believed to improve performance, leadership effectiveness, and create a more conducive work and learning environment. This study aims to examine the development of trends, approaches, and key findings in the study of management psychology through a literature review. Furthermore, this study also seeks to answer two research questions: (1) how have management psychology research trends developed over the past five years, and (2) what are the key findings in the educational and organizational contexts. The method used is a qualitative approach by searching various literature sources through the Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) databases, using the keyword "management psychology." Of the 20 articles found between 2021 and 2026, five were selected as the most relevant for further analysis. The study results indicate three dominant themes: the role of management psychology in education, the influence of motivation and leadership on performance, and its contribution to the organizational adaptation process. The conclusions of this study confirm that integrating psychological aspects into management plays a crucial role in increasing organizational effectiveness. Therefore, further research is recommended to empirically examine the relationship between psychological variables and a broader scope.

This study examines how madrasah students perceive the meaningfulness of Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam/PAI) integrated with local wisdom as a means of instilling Islamic values. The Malay community in Pemayung District, Batanghari Regency, Jambi, inherits a rich array of traditions deeply rooted in Islamic values, including zikir ratib, hadrah, berzanji, and patitih. However, the extent to which such local wisdom integration in formal PAI instruction is perceived as meaningful by students has never been empirically measured. This descriptive-comparative survey study involved 82 students of MTs. Irsyadul Ibad, selected through a total sampling technique. The instrument employed was the SPIN-KL Scale (40 items, α = 0.884), measuring eight perceptual dimensions on a 5-point Likert scale. Analysis results revealed an overall mean perception score of 4.12 (SD = 0.42; positive category; 82.7% positive responses). The dimension of PAI content relevance to local wisdom obtained the highest score (M = 4.24; very positive), while the dimension of Islamic identity consolidation through local culture recorded the lowest score, though still remaining positive (M = 3.98). Independent samples t-tests indicated a significant difference based on students' active participation in religious study circles (pengajian) (t(80) = 4.74, p < 0.001, d = 1.07), whereas gender and grade level yielded no significant differences. These findings underscore the importance of collaboration between madrasah institutions and religious-cultural communities in strengthening the internalization of Islamic values.

Decentralisation and democracy are two interrelated concepts in governance reform, particularly in improving the effectiveness of regional development. Decentralisation is often seen as an instrument to strengthen democracy by bringing the decision-making process closer to the people. This study aims to analyse the trend of research publications on decentralisation in Indonesia using a bibliometric analysis approach. The articles used in this study were obtained from Scopus data. From 472 articles found in the scopus database between 1999 and 2025. The selected articles were then managed using biblioshiny and Vosviewer software. The results show that publications related to decentralisation have fluctuated over the last 27 years. The article with the most citations entitled Decentralisation and Democracy in Indonesia: A Critique of Neo-Institutionalist Perspectives has 213 citations. Meanwhile, the highest affiliation shows that the University of Indonesia is the institution with a total of 25 publications. The mapping of articles based on the relationship between keywords (co-occurance) is formed into 8 clusters, each cluster describes topics that are often discussed in decentralisation-related literature such as Indonesia, decentralization, democracy, local government, governance approach, election, Asia and southeast Asia.

The development of digital technology and internet penetration are driving changes in consumer behavior and demanding that MSMEs not only adapt but also understand the operational motives and marketing channel integration strategies to face competition in the digital era. This study aims to examine the operational motives and technical adaptation processes of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Bali in integrating online and offline marketing channels through an omnichannel strategy to respond to intense market competition in the digital era. This descriptive qualitative research uses a multiple case study approach in three different MSME sectors: goods maintenance services, creative services, and fashion retail. Data collection was conducted through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and a review of digital activities, then analyzed through single-case and cross-case stages. The results show that MSMEs optimize digital channels as instruments to expand reach and trigger consumer emotional engagement through a visual storytelling approach, while physical stores are crucially maintained as points of sensory validation. Functional integration has been proven to accommodate the shift in consumer behavior towards a hybrid decision-making pattern. In this pattern, consumers conduct information searches and initial evaluations online, but tend to shift to offline interactions to validate quality and finalize transactions to minimize purchase risk. In conclusion, cross-channel operational synergy has proven essential in boosting the competitive advantage of MSMEs.

This study examines the tradition of nikah malem songo within the framework of cultural Islam as a form of acculturation between Islamic teachings and local traditions in the coastal community of Tuban, East Java. The research aims to analyze the acculturation process, identify the religious and cultural values embedded in the tradition, and explore its relevance in contemporary society. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving religious leaders, community figures, and local residents. The findings show that nikah malem songo reflects a harmonious integration of Islamic principles and local cultural practices while maintaining the essential requirements of Islamic marriage. The tradition also contains symbolic elements, such as selecting a sacred time believed to bring blessings. In addition, the practice serves as a social mechanism that strengthens community solidarity, reinforces cultural identity, and transmits values across generations. Although challenged by modernization, globalization, and puritan religious views, the tradition continues to survive through reinterpretation and selective preservation. The study concludes that nikah malem songo represents an inclusive and contextual form of Islam capable of adapting to changing social dynamics.

A MSMEs in Indonesia has recently contributed to national exports by 15,7%  compared with Thailand that has reached 29 %, so substantial revision are required to make sure that increasing contribution which ultimately will give positive impact toward the economy overall, because almost 90 % of human resource work in MSMEs sector with nature resource and other plentiful resources. The main problem that is commonly found by MSMEs is to optimize the available resources as well as fulfill the required standards that have established and required regulation in order to ensure the resulting product is accepted by the market and to comply with the regulation that has been established by the regulator. Indonesia as the second biggest country in the world has biodiversity certainly offers benefits that hard to imitate by other country in producing biopharmaceutical plants product, therefore it offers competitive potential in the global market, however market penetration by MSMEs biopharmaceutical plants sector commonly discontinued regarding with technical barriers to trade (TBT). This study is based on a case study that aims to analyze main challenges in fulfillment of international certification and to formulate adaptation strategy for MSMEs. By conducting through a descriptive qualitative method with case study approaches, the result of study indicates that high compliance costs,  registration procedural complexity from the source and destination country, as well as the inconsistency of raw material quality became the main barriers. The proposed strategy including group certification model, CPOTB standard harmonization, and the utilization of integrated government assistance schemes will provide real contribution in assisting MSMEs fulfilling global market requirements.

The swift proliferation of short-video-centric social media, notably TikTok, has revolutionized the educational landscape by facilitating novel methods of knowledge production, dissemination, and interpretation. This phenomenon denotes a transition in media and signifies an epistemological transformation in educational practices within the digital age. This study seeks to analyze the representation and interpretation of knowledge in TikTok educational content using a qualitative methodology grounded in an interpretive case study framework. Data were gathered via digital participant observation, comprehensive interviews, and document analysis involving 12 participants, comprising educational content creators and active TikTok users in higher education settings. Thematic data analysis was performed utilizing a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis framework to elucidate the interplay among visual, verbal, and auditory components in the construction of meaning. The results show three main patterns: the conflict between quick understanding and deep knowledge, the importance of emotional multimodal experiences in learning, and the negotiation of knowledge authority in changing digital spaces. These results indicate that learning via TikTok encompasses not only cognitive aspects but also intricate emotional, aesthetic, and social dimensions. This study theoretically enhances multimodal discourse analysis by integrating users' subjective experiences, while practically informing the advancement of critical digital literacy and the design of social media-based learning. Moreover, this study facilitates additional investigation into algorithmic dynamics, digital identity, and the evolution of learning methodologies within platform-centric contexts.

Public health is an important indicator of the success of regional development and the quality of public services. Local governments play a strategic role in the provision of healthcare services through adaptive, effective, and community-oriented policies. This study aims to analyze local government policies in addressing public health issues through a literature review approach. The research method employed a literature study by examining scientific journals, laws and regulations, books, and policy documents related to regional health policies in Indonesia. The findings indicate that regional health policies are influenced by decentralization, fiscal capacity, the quality of governance, and inter-institutional synergy. Policy implementation continues to face several challenges, including limited budgets, low quality of healthcare human resources, unequal access to healthcare services, and weak intersectoral coordination. However, public service innovation and the strengthening of good governance have proven effective in improving healthcare service delivery. This study emphasizes that the success of regional health policies is determined by government commitment, community participation, integration between central and local policies, institutional strengthening, budget optimization, and service innovations based on community needs.

This research examines digital charity practices within Christian media communication on YouTube, focusing on two distinct donation formats: marapthon live stream donations (e.g., 24‑hour fundraising events) and sermon‑based donations (offerings collected during or after online worship services). Despite the rapid growth of faith‑based online giving, a critical problem remains: the absence of an integrated system that aligns these two donation models with Christian values of transparency, accountability, and community stewardship. Existing platforms often treat live marapthon and sermon donations separately, leading to fragmented donor experiences and inefficient fund utilization. Therefore, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework for an integrated digital charity system by comparatively analyzing media communication strategies in both donation contexts. The proposed method is a netnographic comparative analysis, involving systematic observation of YouTube comments, chat logs, and video descriptions from 10 Christian channels (5 marapthon‑focused, 5 sermon‑focused) over six months, supplemented by semi‑structured interviews with content creators and donors. The main findings reveal that marapthon donations emphasize urgency and real‑time social proof, while sermon donations rely on theological framing and pastoral trust. The synthesis proposes a hybrid system architecture incorporating real‑time donation tracking, automated acknowledgment, and weekly theological reflection modules. In conclusion, integrating both models into a single development framework enhances donor engagement and aligns digital charity with Christian communication ethics, offering practical guidelines for church‑based YouTubers and platform developers.