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The increasing intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to global warming poses serious risks to skin health and has led to a rising market demand for natural-based skincare products. Jabiras Body Scrub is an innovative body care product formulated from guava and brown rice to protect and nourish the skin from UV exposure. This program aims to produce an organic-based skincare product while empowering local farmers as raw material suppliers. The target market includes men and women aged 17 and above across Indonesia, including visiting tourists. Laboratory tests show that each 50-gram package of Jabiras contains 3% vitamin C and 1% antioxidants, which are effective in improving skin condition within two weeks. The product is registered with a Business Identification Number (NIB) and has obtained Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for its brand and promotional flyer. Marketing strategies are carried out digitally via social media and e-commerce, as well as conventionally through entrepreneurship expos and word of mouth. This initiative has reached its break-even point, with a total of 250 units sold from May to September, generating IDR 9,750,000 in revenue. This activity not only achieved its sales targets but also strengthened the foundation for a sustainable business model that supports local farmers.

The evolution of social media and its algorithms has transformed the dissemination of Pancasila as Indonesia’s national ideology. This study aims to analyze the representation of Pancasila in algorithmically curated digital discourse and its impact on public understanding. A qualitative approach, combining digital discourse analysis and netnography, was applied to examine content on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. Findings reveal the dual role of social media algorithms: while facilitating educational content on Pancasila (e.g., religious tolerance, human rights campaigns, and nationalism), they also amplify polarizing content, hoaxes, and hate speech that contradict Pancasila values. Analysis of Pancasila’s five principles shows that conflict-driven content (e.g., ethnic-religious issues) gains higher virality due to algorithms’ prioritization of engagement metrics. The filter bubble and echo chamber phenomena exacerbate discourse fragmentation, hindering inclusive dialogue about national ideology. The study concludes that Pancasila-based digital literacy, algorithmic transparency, and multistakeholder collaboration are critical to optimizing social media’s role in strengthening national identity. Policy recommendations include integrating "social cohesion" parameters into algorithm design and regulating content to uphold diversity. 

This study aims to describe the principles of legality in Indonesia and France. This study uses normative legal research methods, namely secondary legal materials in the form of data obtained from books and opinions of experts related to this study. The results of this study indicate that the principles of legality in Indonesia and France highlight the importance of legal certainty, human rights, and a sense of justice in the criminal law system. In Indonesia, the principle of legality has been regulated in the Criminal Code since 1946, but its application is often not pure because of the customary law that still applies. Although there have been amendment efforts, it often ends in a confusing system. Meanwhile, in France, the principle of legality developed from resistance to arbitrary power, which was emphasized in the Habeas Corpus Act in England in 1679. This principle gives parliament the authority to determine the components of violations and their sanctions, as a guarantee of the freedom of citizens from excessive tyrannical actions.

The rights and obligations of citizens in Islam are fundamental aspects that emphasize the balance between individual responsibilities and the protection provided by the state. This study analyzes the concept of citizens' rights and obligations in Islam based on the Charter of Medina and modern constitutions. The Charter of Medina, a historical document drafted by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), provides an early depiction of citizenship principles in Islam, such as equal rights, religious freedom, and the duty to maintain national security. Meanwhile, modern constitutions, although based on secular or nationalist principles, still adopt some universal values aligned with Islamic teachings, such as social justice, human rights, and political participation. This study employs a qualitative method with a historical and normative analytical approach to compare how these two documents define citizens' rights and obligations. The findings reveal that the Charter of Medina established the foundation for an inclusive concept of citizenship that emphasizes cooperation among various societal groups. On the other hand, modern constitutions expand individual rights through more detailed legal instruments. However, challenges arise when there is an imbalance in the implementation of rights and obligations, particularly in Muslim-majority countries that apply Islamic law partially or selectively. This study employs a qualitative method with a historical and normative analytical approach to compare how these two documents define citizens' rights and obligations. The findings reveal that the Charter of Medina established the foundation for an inclusive concept of citizenship that emphasizes cooperation among various societal groups. On the other hand, modern constitutions expand individual rights through more detailed legal instruments. However, challenges arise when there is an imbalance in the implementation of rights and obligations, particularly in Muslim-majority countries that apply Islamic law partially or selectively. In conclusion, there is continuity between the principles found in the Charter of Medina and modern constitutions in guaranteeing citizens' rights and obligations. However, effective implementation requires a balance between Islamic values and democratic principles to ensure that citizens' rights are protected without neglecting their obligations to the state and society. 

This article discusses the opinions of Madurese Ulama' regarding Childfree through Family Planning (KB), and its relevance to Women's reproductive rights in Islamic Law adapted to the conditions of society in the modern era. Therefore, this research uses a qualitative method which is studied empirically and theoretically so that it is presented in a descriptive form that is in accordance with contemporary jurisprudence. Meanwhile, the purpose of this research is to find out the opinion of Madurese ulama regarding Childfree through Family Planning, considering that one of the purposes of marriage is to have offspring, several ulama of the Syafi'ie school of thought allow 'azl and express that 'azl is an act that abandons virtue. in carrying out sexual relations, therefore, in implementing Childfree there are several reasons that are permitted and several reasons that are prohibited. However, most Madurese ulama' prohibit Childfree if they decide, not just limit or withhold having children. This research also carried out interview techniques with 10 sources, resulting in different opinions. So in this research conclusions can be drawn about the relevance of the Family Planning Program in Childfree according to the opinion of Madurese Ulama', namely by limiting children.

The development of information technology has had a major impact on the personal data management system. In Indonesia, the enactment of Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection is a crucial step in guaranteeing individual privacy rights as part of human rights. This study aims to examine the form of legal accountability for personal data violations based on the provisions of the Law Number 27 of 2022. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory regulatory approach. The results of the study show that violations of personal data can be subject to sanctions in two forms, namely administrative and criminal. These sanctions are given to data controllers and parties proven to have violated the provisions, either due to negligence or deliberate actions. Although it has been regulated normatively, implementation in the field still faces a number of challenges, such as weak supervision, lack of legal literacy in the community, and unpreparedness of digital infrastructure. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen supervisory institutions, ongoing public education, and more responsive law enforcement mechanisms. This research is expected to contribute to the development of regulations and practices for personal data protection in Indonesia.

Land law politics in Indonesia plays a crucial role in realizing social justice and sustainable development through fair and sustainable management of agrarian resources. The primary legal foundation governing land matters is Law No. 5 of 1960 on Basic Agrarian Principles (UU Pokok Agraria), which asserts that all land, water, and air spaces are controlled by the state and utilized to the greatest extent for the welfare of the people. However, the implementation of land law politics faces significant challenges, including disparities in land distribution, agrarian conflicts, and misalignment between central and regional policies. Policy changes, such as the introduction of Land Management Rights and Land Banks through the Omnibus Law, add complexity and raise questions about their alignment with UU Pokok Agraria's fundamental principles. Resolving land disputes also becomes a critical issue, necessitating effective and inclusive legal mechanisms. Therefore, comprehensive reform in land law politics is required, encompassing regulatory harmonization, consistent law enforcement, and active public participation, to ensure fair and sustainable land management for the welfare of the people.

The urgency of consumer protection in Sharia-compliant transactions has become increasingly prominent alongside the growth of the halal industry and rising public awareness of transactional justice based on Islamic principles. This study aims to formulate the theoretical and normative construction of consumer protection within the framework of Islamic law and to assess its compatibility with Indonesia’s positive legal system. Employing a normative juridical approach combined with a descriptive-analytical method, this research explores primary legal sources including Qur’anic verses, the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and scholarly opinions found in classical and contemporary fiqh al-mu‘āmalāt literature, as well as secondary legal sources such as Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, fatwas of the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and relevant academic literature. The analysis is conducted through content analysis to extract the values of justice, transparency, and balance of rights and obligations within contractual mechanisms. This study finds that core principles such as truthfulness (ṣidq), disclosure (bayān), and justice (‘adālah) constitute the essential foundation of consumer protection in the Islamic legal perspective. The prohibition of gharar (uncertainty), riba (usury), and tadlīs (fraudulent misrepresentation) is not merely a moral injunction but an integral safeguard mechanism for consumer rights. Furthermore, the institutional presence of supervisory bodies such as DSN-MUI and Sharia certification mechanisms has proven to be strategic, though they continue to face challenges in implementation, socialization, and consumer literacy. The findings also indicate a substantial opportunity for harmonizing Islamic legal principles with the national legal system within the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening sectoral regulations based on Sharia principles, integrating fatwas into positive legal norms, and enhancing educational capacity for both business actors and consumers in order to realize ethical, equitable, and sustainable transactions.

Community participation in environmental monitoring is an essential component of the environmental legal system in Indonesia. This article aims to examine the strategic role of the community in the national legal framework, particularly under Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. Using normative juridical methods and descriptive analysis, this article discusses the rights and obligations of the community, forms of participation, and challenges faced in the implementation of environmental supervision. The results of the study show that although the space for participation has been opened legally, in practice, it still faces obstacles such as limited access to information, lack of legal protection, and lack of community capacity. Therefore, strengthening legal literacy, information transparency, and protection of whistleblowers are important steps to encourage the active role of the community. This article recommends a collaborative approach between the state and the community to realise fair, participatory and sustainable environmental governance

A Economic inequality is a global issue that has an impact on social stability and people's welfare. To overcome this problem, government intervention is needed through fiscal policy. From the perspective of sharia maqashid, the main goal of economic policy is to maintain the benefit of the ummah through the fulfillment of basic needs, equitable distribution of wealth, and protection of the rights of individuals and communities. One of the scholars who made a great contribution to the thinking of sharia maqashid in economics was Imam Al-Syatibi. Imam Al-Syatibi, a prominent s cholar of ushul fiqh in the 14th century, is known for his contribution in developing the concept of maqasid sharia, which is the goals of Islamic sharia that focus on the benefit of mankind. Imam Al-Shatibi's thought is not only limited to the realm of Islamic law, but also provides a deep perspective in the field of Islamic economics. This research aims to explore Imam Al-Syatibi's economic thinking, especially how the principles of maqasid sharia are applied in economic activities to achieve welfare and social justice. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this research analyzes the economic concepts proposed by Imam Al-Syatibi and their relevance in the context of modern economics. The results of the study show that Imam Al-Shatibi's thinking emphasizes the importance of a balance between individual and societal needs, as well as the need for fair economic regulation in accordance with sharia principles.

The termination of employment agreement by mutual consent is a form of agreement between an employer and an employee to end the employment relationship based on the will of both parties. This agreement has significant legal implications in ensuring workers' rights and preventing industrial disputes. This study aims to analyze the role of a notary in drafting mutual termination of employment agreements and the legal strength of notarial deeds as written evidence. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that a notary plays an essential role in ensuring that agreements are made voluntarily, do not violate workers' rights, and comply with applicable laws and regulations. A notarial deed also provides stronger evidentiary power in the resolution of industrial disputes.

This study aims to analyze the legal protection of Land Deed Officials (PPAT) in the transfer of rights over residential land parcels that become objects of disputes. Residential land parcels are often involved in disputes that include claims from parties who feel aggrieved, even though the transfer of rights has been carried out legally by PPAT. In this research, the author explores the role of PPAT, the factors causing disputes, and the legal protection for PPAT in cases of land disputes. The methodology used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive analysis of the applicable laws and regulations, as well as a case study of land disputes involving PPAT. The findings of this study highlight the importance of clear legal protection for PPAT in dealing with land disputes, even though they have followed the procedures as prescribed by the law.

The development of tourism villages is an effective strategy to support environmental conservation and empower local communities. This study aims to describe the development of Simathani Marurup Tourism Village in Tulungagung Regency based on community empowerment. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, using four tourism village development indicators proposed by Prakoso (2022): setting, management, resources, and benefits, along with community empowerment approaches outlined by Widjajanti (2011). The findings indicate that the village has successfully utilized its geographical and cultural potential, with active community participation in management and partnerships with the government. Empowerment strategies applied include problem-based, need-based, rights-based, and asset-based approaches. The economic impact has begun to emerge, although distribution remains uneven. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating local potential with empowerment approaches to create an inclusive, participatory, and sustainable tourism village. Recommendations focus on strengthening the role of local government in training, funding, and supportive policy formulation.

Labor law in Indonesia prioritizes the protection of workers as a primary focus in industrial relations. This protection becomes highly relevant in the context of termination of employment (PHK), particularly in cases where PHK is carried out on the grounds of corporate spin offs. This study aims to analyze the company’s responsibility in fulfilling workers' rights and the legal measures that can be taken to ensure workers' welfare in accordance with Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021. The research method employs a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical review of primary documents, such as labor-related legislation, and secondary documents related to the PHK process. The analysis reveals that PHK conducted by a company on the basis of a spin off lacks a strong legal foundation if it contradicts the principles of legal certainty and worker protection as stipulated in applicable regulations. In the event that PHK is still carried out, the company is obligated to provide full compensation to workers, including severance pay, service appreciation pay, and rights replacement as outlined in PP 35/2021. Furthermore, workers are advised to pursue their rights through non-litigation, litigation at the Industrial Relations Court, or administrative measures in a step-by-step manner. The implication of these findings underscores the importance of enforcing labor laws to protect workers' rights during corporate restructuring.  

This study aims to analyze the state's authority in organizing electronic systems related to freedom of expression in the digital world. The development of technology that gives rise to a dilemma between the needs or activities of society and regulations to protect public interests and individual human rights, especially freedom of expression, makes it necessary to have regulations that accommodate both of these things. Through a prescriptive normative legal research method with a statutory approach, through an analysis of laws and regulations, legal literature, and international human rights instruments, this study examines the state's authority in regulating the implementation of electronic systems that are pro-freedom of expression. The results of the study indicate that the state has the authority to regulate the implementation of electronic systems to determine and enforce restrictions on a person's human rights, which in this case is shown through the ability to terminate access to content. However, the implementation of the provisions that have been in effect has the potential to violate the right to freedom of expression because of the possibility of restrictions on rights that do not meet the principles of legality, legitimate purposes, and proportionality as regulated by laws and regulations, especially the constitution and international human rights standards.

The policy proposal by the West Java Provincial Government to introduce mandatory military training for problematic students has sparked public debate concerning its legality, effectiveness, and the state’s approach to addressing juvenile delinquency. This paper analyzes the policy from a legal perspective, particularly in relation to human rights law and the principles embedded in the national education system. Using a normative juridical method with a conceptual and statutory approach, the study finds that the policy potentially violates children's rights, as well as the principles of non-discrimination and fairness in education. Moreover, the coercive approach through military training is deemed incompatible with the spirit of character development, which should be humanistic and participatory. The paper recommends that interventions for problematic students should focus on value-based education, counseling, and empowerment, rather than militarization. Public policy should ensure the protection of children's rights while upholding the principles of proportionality and appropriateness in disciplinary measures.    

Marriage is an important aspect of social and religious life, regulated by religious and state laws. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of marriages that take place without the presence of a marriage guardian, especially in the context of a prospective bride whose status is a convert. From the perspective of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law, the presence of a marriage guardian is an absolute requirement for the validity of a marriage. This research uses a normative juridical method by utilizing literature studies as legal material to examine more deeply the hierarchy of marriage guardians and the implications arising from marriage without a marriage guardian. The results of this research show that a marriage that is not attended by a legal guardian can result in the invalidity of the marriage, which will have an impact on the legal status of children and women's rights. The case of Rizky Febian and Mahalini's marriage is a concrete example that shows the importance of the presence of a marriage guardian in maintaining the validity of marriage. This research is expected to provide a good understanding of the importance of marriage guardians and the legal procedures that must be followed in marriage, especially for prospective brides who convert to Islam.

The Convention on the Rights of the Child is an instrument that formulates universal principles and legal norms regarding the status of children, which aims to uphold the principles of recognition of the inherent dignity and equal rights of children who are recognized as human beings and is the basis for freedom, justice and peace with an agreement to ensure that children's basic needs are met.

The Social studies has an important role in education, namely understanding the wider social world so that students are able to face the challenges of global issues. This research explores the transformation of social studies learning in the modern era, focusing on contemporary global issues such as climate change, geopolitical conflicts, economic disparities, health problems, and human rights violations. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach and literature study, this research examines the urgency of social studies education transformation in responding to these issues. The results show that social studies education needs to adopt more interactive and technology-based learning methods, integrate character values, improve digital literacy, and incorporate global issues into the curriculum, the key role of teachers as facilitators and continuous evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the transformation. This study concludes that a comprehensive transformation of social studies learning is essential to prepare the younger generation to be responsible global citizens and able to contribute to a better society.  

This research discusses the settlement of Sultan Ground (SG) and Pakualaman Ground (PAG) land controlled by the community based on the principle of people's sovereignty. The special status of the Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY) grants the Sultanate and Pakualaman Duchy the authority to manage SG and PAG land. However, in practice, the inventory process of these lands has led to legal issues, particularly concerning ownership and the rights of communities that have long occupied the land. This study employs normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. The sources of data include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate a dualism in agrarian law between the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) and the Yogyakarta Special Region Law, which results in legal uncertainty for communities that have long inhabited SG and PAG land. The study concludes that the community's rights over SG and PAG land before the inventory process can be based on the magersari and anggaduh principles, which are recognized in customary law. However, the lack of legal recognition within the national legal system causes communities to lose rights over the land they have utilized for generations. Therefore, a legal solution that accommodates the principle of people's sovereignty is needed to resolve land disputes in Yogyakarta, ensuring legal certainty and justice for the community.