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Ridho Awang Sudrajat; Enny Aryanny

Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Transaction management at Hijab Nafisa used to be done manually, causing errors in record keeping and periodic inventory checks, resulting in inefficient service. The author designed an information system using PHP as the programming language and MySQL as the database. This paper described the analysis and design of a store management information system (point of sales) that has successfully facilitated the transaction process and inventory checks. After that, a system test was carried out and compared with the old method of manual and ineffective information transaction processes, resulting in a proposed system that facilitated the transaction process and inventory checks. Additionally, there was also ease in data reporting that could be printed out for easy reading.  

Nanda Vinilia Putri; Indah Listyani; Zulfia Rahmawati

Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menjelaskan Pengaruh Customer Relationship Management dan Digital Marketing terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan pada Lembaga Global English Pare.  Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah Customer Relationship Management (X1), Digital Marketing (X2) dan Loyalias Pelanggan (Y). Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan penyebaran kuesioner atau angket pada pelanggan Lembaga Global English Pare. Pada penelitian ini memiliki populasi sejumlah 780 responden serta sampel sejumlah 264 responden dengan teknik analisa uji instrumen, uji prasyarat analisis, dan pengujian hipotesis diharapkan dapat menjawab tiga rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini. Analisa dikerjakan dengan Software SPSS for Windows versi 25. Berdasarkan hasil uji yang dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Customer Relationship Management (X1) secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan (Y) pada Lembaga Global English Pare; 2) Digital Marketing (X2) secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan (Y) pada Lembaga Global English Pare; 3) Customer Relationship Management (X1), Digital Marketing (X2) dan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Loyalias Pelanggan (Y) pada Lembaga Global English Pare.

Prameswari, Ardhia; Aisyah, Siti

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Ekonomi 2023 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Pekerjaan konstruksi pastinya tidak terlepas dari potensi bahaya di tempat kerja, PT Prima Multi Peralatan merupakan perusahaan jasa yang bergerak dalam bidang pemeliharaan Alat Bongkar Muat dan Kapal. Dalam praktek kerjanya perlu adanya terapan pelaksanaan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja sebagai upaya pencegahan kecelakaan kerja. Yang dimana pelaksanaan ini sangat perlu untuk diperhatikan baik bagi pihak manajemen dan para tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah terapan pelaksanaan Standar Operassional Prosedur (SOP) serta budaya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) di PT Prima Multi Peralatan Kota Medan. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan mewawancarai beberapa informan dan juga melakukan observasi lapangan untuk melihat langsung keadaan di tempat kerja, serta studi kepustakaan sebagai tambahan referensi. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian mengenai terapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di PT. Prima Multi Peralatan, yaitu dari hasil wawancara dan juga observassi lapangan, ditemukan bahwa terapan SOP dan K3 sudah dilakukan dengan baik dan untuk kebijakannya sendiri masih berlandaskan kebijakan dari PT. Pelindo 1. Untuk penggunaan APD disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan, terkecuali baju seragam kerja, sepatu keamanan dan juga helm keamanan tetap harus digunakan selama berada di wilayah tempat kerja. dan untuk keseluruhan APD disediakan oleh PT. Prima Multi Peralatan.

Vitra Linda Mawaty Pasaribu; Yacub Hutabarat; Tiurlina Hasmawati Sihite

JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN (JISE) 2023 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

This study aims to find out the opinions of teachers and administrative staff regarding the management of BOS funds at the HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School in terms of the procedures for managing, using, and targeting BOS funds. This research is quantitative descriptive. The subjects of this study were all teachers and administration staff of the HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School for the 2020/2021 academic year, a total of 20 people. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and documentation to obtain data regarding the management of BOS funds related to the procedures for managing, using, and targeting BOS funds. The analysis technique uses cross tabulation and crosstab methods. The results showed that 90% of respondents (18 teachers and 2 administrative staff) stated that the procedures for managing BOS funds at HKBP Private Middle Schools complied with the 2021 BOS technical guidelines and only 10% of respondents (1 teacher and 2 administrators) stated it is not in accordance with. Regarding the use of BOS funds at HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School, 88.5% of teacher respondents (15 people and 1 uhsah administrative staff) stated that it was appropriate and only 11.5% (1 teacher) stated that it was not on target. So, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents are of the opinion that the management of BOS funds at the HKBP Sibolga Private Middle School for the 2021/2022 school year from the procedures for managing, using, and targeting BOS funds is in accordance with the technical guidelines for using BOS funds in 2022

Muhammad Rafli; Christian Wiradendi Wolor; Maulana Amirul Adha

Jurnal Kajian dan Penalaran Ilmu Manajemen 2023 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

This research was conducted at PT XYZ, which aims to determine the application of incoming mail SOPs to PT XYZ's Dynamic Archives Subsection and to find out whether the implementation of these SOPs has been carried out optimally. This research is a qualitative research with data collection methods through observational studies, interviews and documentation with informant taking techniques using purposive sampling with a total of 4 participants. The results obtained in this study stated that the management of incoming mail at the PT XYZ Dynamic Archives Subdivision was still not in accordance with the applicable SOP. There is a messy Agenda Book Recording, file cabinets that are not given indexes and follow-up units, as well as inadequate distribution equipment. Thus, adequate facilities or equipment are needed in the process of distribution, education and training of employees in managing incoming mail, as well as supervising incoming mail management activities.

Wisdianti, Dara; Novalinda, Novalinda; Sagala, Peranita; Fadillah, Fadillah

The International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The Al-amin Science And Industrial Park area is projected to become a center for field laboratories and workshops that accommodate all study programs at UNPAB. In addition, the Al-amin Science And Industrial Park area is also planned to be the location of Ecoedutourism (Ecoedutourism) based on agriculture and processing of agricultural products. Eco-education is expected to attract visitors to enjoy the location of the Al-amin Science And Industrial Park Area with attractions based on field activities from study programs at UNPAB such as horticultural gardens, nurseries, animal husbandry, waste management for the use of renewable energy to processing packaging of garden and livestock products. The construction of the Al-amin Science And Industrial Park Area Mosque is expected to become a center of Islamic activities consisting of worship activities, mu'amalah and da'wah education, as well as Islamic information centers, not only for the Al-amin Science And Industrial Park area but also for the surrounding community and visitors to the area.

Ermalinda Taek Naimnule; Maria Yunita A Bano; Veronika Y Luruk; Sirilus Lake; Mardit N.Nalle

Jurnal Nusantara Berbakti 2023 Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja

Kada Cake Kiosk is one of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises that has seized the opportunity to develop Banana Chips as processed food in Kobalima District. Even though Kobalima District has made a small contribution in developing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Malacca Regency, this potential can become a business opportunity for K2 Cake Kiosk owners in developing these processed foods. The idea of developing a banana chip business began in 1993 when Ms. Sipriana Hoar wanted to develop a banana chip business with minimal capital but had the potential to increase business income. This is done by moving from developing chips and other processed food businesses to processing products that have the potential to increase product-added value. This business analysis originates from existing recipes from their parents in micro businesses as snacks or snacks. This opportunity, where the bananas cultivated by farmers sometimes have a low selling value, was utilized by Ms. Sipriana to increase her business in banana chips and other processed foods. The method of carrying out the Professional Work Practice activities of the Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Timor, provides solutions to the problems identified in Lakekun Village, especially at the K2 Cake Kiosk. The method of carrying out the intended activity is purposive, namely the intentional determination of the K2 Cake Kiosk as the main indicator that is used as a respondent in carrying out the intended activity. The approach taken in answering problems such as: 1. Location surveys, namely looking at existing potentials and constraints such as Community Problems in the Benpasi Village.2. Identification of each Community that can be used as an example of the intended entrepreneurship training. 3. Training for each farmer group in the Benpasi Village to answer these problems to increase agricultural production in the Benpasi Village. 4. Counseling and training on maintenance and care management for plants so that they can be used for further processing 5. Monitoring and evaluation of the activities in question in an effort to increase the intended community service activities. From the Training Activities for Making Banana Chips at the K2 Cake Kiosk in Lakekun Village,Kobalima District, Malaka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province based on Professional Work Practices in the Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Timor, it can be concluded that students can see business potential and are able to analyze the advantages possessed in micro-businesses in Lakekun Village. In addition, they get a lot of benefits from the training by providing recipes that are obtained by business owners so that in the future they can be practiced as business opportunities.

Rika Susanti; Arsa Arsa; Ahsan Putra Hafiz; Rohana

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Kreatif 2023 Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja

This research was conducted to find out whether the new Sengki village government was economical, and to develop community economic empowerment infrastructure. This research method uses a qualitative method which originates from the Sengkatan Baru village office, sub-district. Mersam District. Batanghari. The results of the research conducted by the researchers concluded: 1. The planning stage of Village Fund Allocation in the village of Rambahan is in accordance with what was planned by the village government and in accordance with the needs of the community to improve the standard of living of the community. However, the lack of participation of the Sengkuti Baru village community in the deliberations on the Determination of the Use of the Village Fund Budget resulted in several parties having different opinions. 2. The implementation of the Village Fund Allocation (ADD) for the empowerment of rural communities is appropriate from an Islamic economic viewpoint, because it has applied the ta'awun principle and the shura principle quite well according to the Islamic perspective. 3. The use of the village fund budget in Seangkati Baru Village, Mersam District, can be seen from the success of the financial performance of village funds in Rambahan Village for 2019-2021 in the like category, based on the category and proportion of each statistical statement, the average is in the good category and the percentage above 60% until it reaches below 80% success.

Karmitasari Yanra Katimenta; Dwi Agustian Faruk Ibrahim; Maria Lestari Herawaty

Jurnal Inovasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang memerlukan terapi jangka panjang dalam penggunaan obat. Maka sangat diperlukan management hipertensi yang didasarkan pada kepatuhan terapi agar dapat mencapai dan mempertahankan tekanan darah sistolik dibawah 140 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik dibawah 90 mmHg serta dapat mengontrol faktor risiko. Metode Penelitian : Menggunakan Cross sectional. Teknik penentuan responden menggunakan Purposive sampling dengan menggunakan uji statistik Spearman Rank. Sampel adalah penderita hipertensi ringan-sedang yang berobat ke Poliklinik Pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya pada 8 November – 8 Desember 2022 berjumlah 46 responden dengan menggunakan alat ukur yaitu kuesioner. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil uji spearman rank menunjukkan bahwa didapat p value = 0,008 atau tingkat signifikasi p < 0,05 sehingga ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi di Poliklinik Pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya. Hasil uji spearman rank menunjukkan bahwa didapat p value = 0,049 atau tingkat signifikasi p < 0,05 sehingga ada hubungan sikap dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi di Poliklinik Pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi dibuktikan dengan hasil p < α dengan tingkat signifikasi 0,05 menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi di Poliklinik Pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya. Ada hubungan antara sikap dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi dibuktikan dengan hasil p < α dengan tingkat signifikasi 0,05 menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dan bermakna antara sikap dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi di Poliklinik Pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya.

Hidayati, Nur; Puspawati, Nony; Mardiyono, Mardiyono; Soebiyanto, Soebiyanto

Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2023 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

The role of the community in waste management at this time is generally limited to waste disposal. We are not yet at the stage of waste management where waste can be reused by the community. Waste management must be handled comprehensively with the 3R principle, namely reduce, namely reducing waste piles; reuse by reusing waste that is not used; and recycle, namely recycling into products of economic value. Good waste management is expected to reduce the volume of waste that is disposed of at the final disposal site (TPA). The need for community education on proper waste management and disposal in order to reduce the impact of environmental pollution.The service was carried out in Triyagan Village, Mojolaban District, Sukoharjo Regency, at the beginning of the activity by giving a pre-test, presenting the material, and at the end of the activity, namely an evaluation with a post-test. The results of the pre-test mean score are 62, and the post-test average score is 82, after receiving counseling. The score of the evaluation results showed that there was a positive change in the mindset of the community.

Dwi Resihono, Legowo; Retnoningrum, Retnoningrum; Takari, Luluk; Jimo, Jimo

Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2023 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Increasing public awareness of increasing local wisdom products is in line with activities to preserve nature, this has made the trend of an environmentally friendly lifestyle very popular and increasingly spreading to various business sectors. One of the products of local wisdom, namely batik, in the development of a relatively new manufacturing technique, ecoprint batik is contemporary batik. One of the batik ecoprint SMEs in Boyolali is Srikandi SMEs precisely in Dohohudan Ngemplak Boyolali. This  SMEs can be categorized as a start-up business managed by housewives in Donohudan Village. The local village government strongly supports SMEs activities in the hope of improving the standard of living of the community during the Covid 19 Pandemic like this. Community roles and contributions are needed in economic empowerment. The result of the activity is the implementation of community activities in developing skills in managing Srikandi's SMEs management activities in growing their performance productivity through SMEs management training (entrepreneurship, simple financial management, marketing strategy and e-commerce). This activity is expected to increase the competitiveness of SMEs Srikandi (batik ecoprint) with similar SMEs. The activity was carried out for one week, the training participants gave positive and enthusiastic responses to developing these batik products Keywords: MSME, Ecoprint, management  

Aisah, Nurul; Hermansyah, Doni; Ismawar , Bawono

Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2023 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

This Community Service aims to increase knowledge and skills in planning, compiling and managing Islamic finance for students of MAN 2 Karanganyar. The students of MAN 2 Karangayar are Generation Z who play a role in this nation. The problem faced by partners is the first, limited knowledge of sharia-based financial planning. Second, the lack of skills and ability to prepare budgets for sharia-based financial management. The solutions to these problems include: first, training to increase knowledge about sharia financial planning. Second, training in preparing an ideal budget. It is hoped that with this solution, MAN 2 Karanganyar students will be able to plan and budget for Islamic financial management so that they do not have a lifestyle with the desire to follow a trend that is currently rife or developing which can lead to hedonism and other detrimental traits. The output of this activity is increasing knowledge and increasing skills in preparing personal budgets for sharia financial management by partners.

Budi, Baghas Budi Wicaksono; Wibowo, FX. Pudjo; Kusnawan, Agus; Hernawan, Eso

Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2023 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Empowerment of the environment in society is very essential in the regional and national development agenda. Communities, governments, academics and business actors have an important role as drivers of innovation in national environmental preservation programs. In an effort to implement this function, several strategic studies are needed so that all initiator components can jointly protect the environment from potential natural releases including natural disasters such as floods. Based on this, community service research involving members of the Tangerang City DPRD, the Environment Service, the Public Works and Public Housing Service, the Social Service, the Regional Disaster Management Agency, Officials in the Periuk sub-district and Periuk Sub-District underwent a Focus Group Discussion on social impact economic consequences due to flooding in Periuk District. As for some assistance with problems, namely as follows: 1.) Officials in the Tangerang City area require intensive coordination and supervision to overcome flood problems and their economic impacts, (2.) The need for knowledge for the community regarding the socio-economic impacts that can be experienced as a result of flooding . Therefore, the results of community service research are as follows: (1) succeeded in formulating a policy package that has been approved by the executive and legislative components in the Periuk District and Tangerang City, (2.) The community feels helped by the existence of discussion and presentation facilities material organized by the Business Faculty of Buddhi Dharma University.

Adi Prabowo, Adia; Adi Nugroho, Irfan; Shulhan, M. Afif

Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2023 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Empowerment of Farming Communities in Enhancing Rural Economic Development. This socialization aims to find out the extent of the role of Farmer Groups in increasing the empowerment of the farming community of Kulwaru Village, Wates District, Kulon Progo Regency and to know the Rights and Obligations of Owners and Cultivators.The main problem of the target audience is to find out how the behavior of the farmers in Kulwaru Village regarding financing and management and calculating the profits of rice farmers. As well as knowing how accounting and local wisdom in the profit-sharing system between the owner rice farmer and the cultivating rice farmer under the guise method. Based on the research, the results obtained from analyzing the results of experience and interviews with rice farmers in Kulwaru Village, Wates District, Kulon Progo Regency produced a form or model of profit sharing cooperation with the "mask" method. Owners and cultivators in a production sharing cooperation agreement are not carried out in writing, but verbally. In addition, owner farmers and sharecroppers also have different rights and obligations in managing rice fields.

Dini, Ratu; Juleha, Siti Juleha; Rahman, Fauzan Habibi Rahman

Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2023 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

A disaster becomes an extraordinary event that disrupts and threatens life and livelihoods caused by nature and humans, or both. The existence of natural disasters can have both small and large impacts on the environment. The thing that can be done to reduce the consequences of disasters is that synergy from various parties is needed, one of which is the involvement of nurses. Nurses have a huge role to play in preparing and handling communities in the face of disasters.  As health workers, nurses are at the forefront of disaster management so that they can anticipate the prevention of disasters and their impacts (Doondori, A. K., & Paschalia, Y. P. 2021). Cianjur Regency is one of the areas that experienced the impact of natural disasters, namely earthquakes.  The earthquake occurred on November 21, 2022 at 13:21:10 WIB with a magnitude of 5.6 in the Cianjur area, West Java. The earthquake caused a lot of infrastructure damage and casualties. This has a great influence on the condition of the community, one of which is in terms of health biopsychosocially and spiritually. Based on the phenomenon that occurs along with the existence of the role of the nurse as a healthcare provider. Universitas Esa Unggul sent a team of health volunteers to carry out several activities for the community such as, providing comprehensive nursing services, becoming collaborators, conducting education and trauma healing. This action is considered sufficient to help patients who have health problems both who come to the post and who are in refugee tents. They feel happy because of the existence of health service facilities so that the public can consult, get education and also trauma healing.

Fariz Harindra Syam; Dara Wisdianti; Suryani Sajar; Saiful Bahri

The International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Educational and research facilities are important for a university. Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi (UNPAB) wants to provide the best educational and research facilities for its academic community. Living lab and Industrial Park is one of the facilities that UNPAB wants to provide and will greatly support educational and research activities within the university. Based on this, a good Living Lab and Industrial Park area masterplan is needed to create an efficient area. The concept offered in the planning of the Living Lab and Industrial Park Area is Tropical Sustainable while still considering local cultural values. The facility plans provided are livestock areas, agricultural and plantation areas, product processing areas, sports facilities areas, management offices, and ecotourism areas. The living lab and industrial park area is expected to become a superior educational and research facility and can be a producer of products and innovations of UNPAB academics and researchers.

Fitra Hadi Khaz; Fara Shaliza; Erinaldi Erinaldi; Agung Wibowo; Novita Sari +1 more

Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPPMI) 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yappi Makassar

The main problem faced by farmer groups in South Dumai District is the weak management of data, information, and group administration, which affects the effectiveness of agricultural development planning and evaluation. This community service activity aims to strengthen farmer group institutions by improving their capacity in data and administrative management. The method employed was a community organizing approach through participatory extension activities, group discussions, and initial mentoring involving 33 participants consisting of farmer group administrators and members. The results indicate an increase in farmers’ understanding and awareness of the importance of data and orderly administration as a basis for planning, decision-making, and evaluation of agricultural development programs. In addition, early social changes emerged in the form of collective awareness and the initiative of group leaders to actively strengthen institutional functions. Strengthening farmer group institutions through proper data and administrative management is expected to support sustainable agricultural development and improve farmers’ welfare.

Ilisa Fajriyati; Mohammad Zainul; Periyadi Periyadi

Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian dan Kegiatan Masyarakat 2023 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

In this increasingly difficult economic situation, there is a lot of competition in various fields, including competition in the business world. Many companies are competing to gain market share, so this spurs companies to strive to continue to progress in improving their business management. In addition, companies are starting to change their view from one that is product or service oriented, to a customer oriented view. One strategy that can be used by companies is to build customer loyalty. Customer loyalty is needed to ensure the company's future. Maintaining customer loyalty is absolutely necessary for a company to survive and be able to compete with other companies.

Erinaldi Erinaldi; Lilis Wahyuni; Alfatiha Alfatiha; Subari Subari

Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPPMI) 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yappi Makassar

Youth unemployment remains a strategic issue in social and economic development, particularly at the community level. Limited formal employment opportunities, low entrepreneurial skills, and restricted access to information and capital have constrained youth economic independence. This community service program aims to accelerate employment growth through youth entrepreneurship development based on a business incubator approach in RT 013, Lubuk Gaung Sub-district, Sungai Sembilan District, Dumai City. The program employed a community organizing approach through participatory counseling, interactive discussions, and initial business mentoring. The results indicate a significant improvement in youths’ knowledge, skills, and entrepreneurial attitudes, particularly in business planning and micro-enterprise management. Furthermore, a shift in orientation from job seekers to job creators was observed, along with the emergence of collective business initiatives and increased awareness of entrepreneurship as a means of job creation. This program contributes to accelerating employment growth and  strengthening youth-based local economic development  

Marco Antonio; Arifin Yusli; Roby Priambodo

Harmoni: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi dan Sosial 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This journal is written by taking into account the need for good management skills in the formulation of a good education system and how the system works as a bureaucracy. Given how important good management skills are to create a good system, this journal is made by looking at the existing reality of how the system itself is. Good management will create a good education bureaucracy, and a good bureaucracy will also produce a good education management system, and this will have an impact on improving the quality of education. In this journal, we try to open the reader's way of thinking about the urgency of good management in the education bureaucracy and the education system.