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Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) is the leading cause of back pain in old age, occurring as a result of tearing of the fibrous annulus and the nucleus pulposus exiting through the tear. To optimize pathology, fat suppression techniques are needed to suppress fat and fluid. Fat Suppression techniques include Dixon and SPAIR. The use of Dixon is relatively longer but can produce four images at once, while SPIR has the advantage of being more resistant to inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between T2WI SPIR and T2WI diagnostic image information Dixon Sagital Cut Lumbar MRI with Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) cases as well as find out which one is better between the two techniques. The type of research used is quantitative research with an experimental approach that uses prospective data aimed at determining the difference in diagnostic image information T2WI SPIR and T2WI Dixon MRI examination of Sagital Cuts. The study population is patients who perform Lumbar MRI examinations with HNP cases at the Radiology Installation of NTB Provincial Hospital for the period May-July 2023. This study applied total sampling, using a research sample of 17 patients. The results showed a difference in image information between the T2WI SPIR and T2WI Dixon sequences on Lumbar MRI examination of Sagital Cut with a p-velue value smaller than α (<0.05), namely in the anatomy of the Spinal Cord with a p-value (0.021), and the anatomy of the Corpus Vertebraewith value p-value (0.001). The T2 Spir sequence is more optimal in showing anatomical information on the Sagittal Cut lumbar MRI examination compared to the T2 Dixon sequence.  due to the more homogeneous emphasis of fat on the anatomy of the Spinal Cord and Corpus Vertebrae

Heart failure is a pathophysiological condition where the heart's function as a pump is no longer able to meet the need for blood throughout the body for tissue metabolism (Price, 2015). This situation causes a decrease in cardiac output which can cause comfort problems based on clinical manifestations such as tightness, pain, heart palpitations, a feeling of coldness in the peripheral area, even swelling, muscle stiffness, numbness, and other subjective feelings felt by the patient himself. is defined as a disturbance of comfort because it is difficult for someone to determine the feeling they are experiencing so that the use of the word comfort is more appropriate to describe the feelings experienced by the patient so it is appropriate that in this condition there is a disturbance of comfort in the patient (Potter & Perry, 2014). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydro-aromatherapy on comfort in Heart Failure patients. This research method is a quasi-experimental pre test and post test with two groups, namely the intervention and control groups. Research data collection was carried out during September 2023 at the Integrated Heart Center (PJT) RSUP.H. Adam Malik Medan. The number of respondents with a diagnosis of CHF that met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria was 32 patients. In the intervention group, they were given a warm water foot soak mixed with aromatherapy oil, while in the control group they only soaked their feet in warm water. Measurement of comfort level uses the "daisy comfort scale" or the numerical daisy comfort intensity scale (Kolcaba, 2000). The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in effect on increasing comfort levels (p<0.005) in the intervention group by soaking feet in warm water mixed with aromatherapy oil (p=0.000). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that soaking feet in warm water mixed with aromatherapy oils in heart failure patients can increase comfort.

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a cancer that occurs in the nasopharyngeal mucosa which shows squamous cell differentiation. The nasopharynx is a musculoskeletal and cuboid-shaped tube structure behind the nasal cavity. The cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and / or Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), with risk factors for smoking, consuming alcohol, genetics, exposure to radiation rays, and decreased body resistance Early detection in KNF cases, with physical examination and support, is expected to provide fast, appropriate and effective treatment as soon as possible, so as to improve cancer survival. A patient Mr.M, a 23-year-old male ca The lump is accompanied by pain and the color of the lump is not reddish. Complaints of swallowing pain and difficulty breathing are denied. Diagnosis of KNF is carried out by anamnesis of clinical symptoms and signs, physical examination, and supporting examinations. Endoscopy can assess abnormalities of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and support biopsy. A biopsy is the definitive way to establish the diagnosis of KNF. Imaging modalities, such as MRI and CT scans, look for tumors that are not visible to the endoscopy and assess tumor extension.

Public Health is a part of science that discusses and studies the prevention and treatment of diseases in each individual. Some disease conditions found in the community are complaints of knee pain and back pain. The knee pain that is commonly found is Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, suffered by millions of people worldwide. It is a degenerative joint disease that affects many joint tissues. This problem arises when the protective cartilage at the ends of bones deteriorates over time. Osteoarthritis is usually experienced in the age of 40-60 years. This is due to the advanced age of the degeneration process. In addition to Osteoarthritis, diseases of the shoulder are also found, such as spasm and Triger Point in the upper trapezius muscle. One of the interventions or modalities provided by infrared or infrared physiotherapy.  Infrared is one of the Physiotherapy modalities in providing services to patients with the aim of causing relaxation effects and decreasing pain. Infrared is a peacock wave that can relieve pain and stiffness in joints and muscles. The process of vasodilation of blood vessels produced by infrared rays can accelerate the removal of several pain-stimulating chemicals including bradykinin, serotonin, histamine, and proteolytic enzymes. As well as prostaglandins and substance P which increase the sensitivity of the ends of pain fibers, so that in the end infrared can reduce pain intensity. In addition to being given Physiotherapy Interventions also provide Socialization or counseling to the community in accordance with the conditions complained of. Providing explanations related to the conditions or complaints of each community by providing education and home programs.

In the era of rapid technological and information system developments that encourage people, both groups and individuals, both government and private institutions to utilize technological developments have a very important role in the progress of human life. Rapid technological developments One of the advantages of computers in processing data can increase effectiveness, productivity, and efficiency in carrying out work in current technology makes it easier to manage inventory. Cash sales transactions are said to have been carried out if the company has received payment from the customer and will then be handed over by the company to the customer of the Cat Jaya Gemilang Semarang shop, a company engaged in the field of building paint trading in Semarang. Currently, the system that is running is still manual, namely the administration section records incoming and outgoing goods, all recorded in the book for sales are also recorded manually. With manual recording, books are easily damaged or torn, data in the warehouse records is sometimes not the same as the physical goods that exist, and there is no data security. With the above problems, the author created a system that can reduce weaknesses by creating a systematic application in the database.

The purpose of this final project is to create digital paintings with ideas sourced from the Tingkuluak of Payakumbuh. Tingkuluak is a head ornamentation worn on wrapped cloth, typically by Minangkabau women. The existence of Tingkuluak is fading, and its significance is largely unknown. Limited information is available regarding its use, meaning, and philosophical explanations. Hence, this final project aims to present the Tingkuluak cultural heritage through digital paintings, with the main subject being the Tingkuluak itself. The creation method involves five stages: preparation, which includes observation; followed by in-depth analysis, referred to as elaboration; then the synthetic stage involving idea formulation and concept realization. The author utilized the Ibis Paint X application accessed through a tablet device for the creation process. The author produced 10 digital artworks with the following titles: "Uni Bakompong Koto Nan Ampek," "Uni Bakompong Koto Nan Gadang," "Mintuo Nan Alah Baminantu Jo nan Bukan," "Manjapuik Minantu," "Jan Digaduah," "Bundo nan Taat," "Gadih Ikek," "Duo Koto," and "Bundo Si Anak Daro."

 Working position when typing is closely related to ergonomics or comfort issues, especially in the areas of design, position and proper body posture. MTrPs is a condition describing acute or chronic soft tissue pain, which occurs in muscles or muscle fascia. MTrPs cause contraction of knots or nodes that can form in a muscle band junction which is a source of pain. Pain or discomfort in the form of a prickling, throbbing, cutting and burning sensation in the loose connective tissue that covers the trapezius muscle due to trigger points. Data on computer workers in the Pedurungan Wetan area is 24 workers. This research method is a pre-experimental one group pre and post test design and sampling using purposive sampling technique. The population of this research is rental workers who work in Tlogosari Wetan, Pedurungan, Semarang City. The research instrument uses VAS (Vasual Analog Skill). The research stages consist of preparation, implementation and processing of research data. The steps taken at the preparation stage are literature study, field survey, outreach to rental workers. The implementation stage is carried out by collecting data. The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between typing time and the occurrence of MTrPs in the Upper Trapezius Muscle.

This study aims to determine the effect of the effectiveness of abdominal stretching exercises and warm compresses on dysmenorrhea pain in young women at MTS Tanwiriyyah Cianjur in 2022. Young women often experience pain during menstruation (menstruation), causing discomfort, especially in daily activities. This complaint is not very good for adolescent development. By using non-pharmacological treatment, namely abdominal stretching exercises and warm compresses for dysmenorrhea pain, it can reduce pain in young women. This research method uses a quantitative research design with a quasi-experiment method with a two group pre-test and post-test design. Results achieved based on the research results in the stretching group was 80.0%, and the results of the Pairet Sample t test with a P value of 0.004 < 0.005. Meanwhile, in the warm compress group, it was 86.7% with Pairet Sample t test results with P Value 0.000 < 0.005. The conclusion of the research shows that there is an influence of the effectiveness of abdominal stretching exercises and warm compresses on dysmenorrhea pain in young women at MTS Tanwiriyyah Cianjur in 2022.

The third trimester of pregnancy is the gestational age from 29 weeks to about 40 weeks and ends with the baby being born. Pregnant women entering the third trimester of pregnancy will experience lower back pain due to enlarged uterus and changes in the center of gravity causing discomfort in daily activities. One of the treatments to help reduce low back pain in third trimester pregnant women is progressive muscle relaxation. This type of research is quantitative research using quasy experimental with a one groups pre test-post test design approach and sampling using purposive sampling technique. The research location at the Kagok Health Center with 19 respondents. The instrument used to assess dysmenorrhea pain is the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The research data were analyzed using a statistical test, namely the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of giving progressive muscle relaxation measures to the level of dysmenorrhea pain with a p value of 0.00 (<0.05).

Gouty arthritis is a condition that can cause persistent symptoms of pain, swelling and burning in the joints. Normal uric acid levels in women range from 2.4 - 5.7 mg/dl, while in men it ranges from 3.4 - 7.0 mg/dl, and in children 2.8 - 4.0 mg (Health et al ., n.d, 2019).

Background: Unpreparedness physically, psychologically, mentally and spiritually in facing this period will make mothers experience problems related to involution and postpartum pain. Many things are risk factors for failure of involution and lactation. These factors include mobilization, nutrition, lactation, environmental, cultural and family factors. Objective: To determine the effect of effleurage massage on reducing the pain scale due to uterine involution in postpartum mothers on day 1. Research Location: UPT Buay Pemaca Health Center. Research Method: Quantitative research type with a pre-experimental design type one group pretest and posttest. Results: Almost all postpartum mothers before being given effleurage massage experienced uterine involution pain on a moderate pain scale of 19 people (95%), more than half of postpartum mothers after being given effleurage massage experienced uterine involution pain on a moderate pain scale of 12 people (60 %), there is an influence of the Effluurge Massage Technique on Reducing the Pain Scale of Uterine Involution in Post Partum Mothers on Day 1. Conclusion: Effleurage massage can reduce the level of uterine involution pain in postpartum mothers.

Background: Childbirth is a series of events when a baby is released from the mother's womb, followed by the expulsion of the placenta and fetal membranes from the mother's body. The main problem that is usually complained of by labor patients in labor during the first active phase is that pain causes the mother to feel stressed and excessively worried. Respiration and pulse will also increase thereby disrupting the supply of fetal needs from the placenta. The simple way that can be done to reduce labor pain is to give endorphins massage. Objective: Knowing the analysis of differences in pain intensity in the active phase of labor in the first stage of labor before endorphin massage and after endorphin massage. Method: This study used a quasy experimental design. This type of research is pre-experimental design with one group pret test-post test design. Results: The results of the study obtained by the researchers were 20 respondents during the active phase of the first active phase of brenatal mothers who experienced severe pain with a scale of 7-9 and very severe 10 as measured by a numeric rating scale. Before doing the endorphin massage, it was found that those who experienced pain on average had a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 10 after the endorphin massage had an average minimum of 4 pain and a maximum of 9. Conclusion: There is a difference in the decrease in pain intensity in labor in labor during the 1st active phase before and after being given endorphine massage treatment.

Background: The results of an interview with Dr. Gunawan Leonard, the incidence of OA Genu is often complained of by female patients at the Primary Metro Pundu clinic. This is due to long working hours and hard work. Management from the clinic still uses pain relievers such as ibuprofen. Long-term use of this drug will cause side effects on the body. To minimize these side effects, the researchers carried out non-pharmacological treatment with acupressure at the ST 36, ST 35, EX-LE 2, EX-LE 4, and BL 40 points in reducing OA pain. Objective: To determine the difference before and after being given acupressure in reducing OA pain in perimenopausal women. Method: This type of research is quantitative. The population of this study were all women of perimenopausal age who had osteoarthritis genu at the Metro Pundu Primary Clinic, Central Kalimantan, as many as 32 people. The number of samples used Freder's formula was 20 samples, and data processing used Shapiro Wilk for the normality test to obtain normally distributed data results and paired sample t test with the results of ha accepted. Results: There was a decrease in OA pain scale in perimenopausal women before and after being given acupressure treatment, This shows the effect of acupressure in reducing genu osteoarthritis pain in perimenopausal women.

Fibroadenoma (FAM) is a small, benign solid lump in the breast consisting of glandular and fibrous tissue. This lump is usually found in young women, often found in teenage girls . Based on data obtained from the Netherlands and America, breast complaints are the main reason for around 3% of women in the world to consult a doctor . Breast cancer is a malignant breast tumor that can become cancer originating from breast tissue (ducts, lobules and other supporting tissue), which differentiates the two, namely shape, consistency, surface, whether it is easy to move or not and the nature of pain .

Background: The problem of dysmenorrhea can be caused by lack of exercise, the age of menarche, the duration of menstruation, besides that the history of dysmenorrhea in the family is also a factor that can affect dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. The incidence rate of dysmenorrhea in the world tends to be high. On average, more than 50% of teenagers suffer from dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea gymnastics is a form of relaxation that is done to stretch the waist, abdominal and pelvic muscles that can provide comfort and can reduce pain. Objective : Knowing the change in the scale of pain in young women who experience dysmenorrhea before and after the application of dysmenorrhea. Method : This study uses a descriptive case study by observing 2 respondents of 17year old teenage girls who were given the implementation of dysmenorrhea exercises which was carried out during 3 meetings in 1 week with a time of ± 30 minutes per meeting. Result: After applying dysmenorrhea, there was a decrease in the pain scale and was included in the category of mild pain. Conclusion: This dysmenorrhea can reduce the scale of pain in young women who have dysmenorrhea.  

Dysmenorrhea is a medical condition that occurs during menstruation or menstruation, which can interfere with activities and requires treatment. Characterized by pain or tenderness in the abdomen or pelvis. The impact of dysmenorrhea is reduced concentration when studying, hampered sports activities and reduced time for social activities. With the increase in Covid-19 cases, people are becoming anxious if they have to come to health services for fear of contracting Covid-19. One action to reduce dysmenorrhea pain is using a warm compress combined with music therapy. This research is quantitative research using quasi-experimental research using a one-group pre-test-post-test design method and purposive sampling techniques. The location where the research will be conducted is STIKES Kesdam IV/Diponegoro with 30 respondents. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is a tool used to evaluate dysmenorrhea pain. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze research data. The results of this study show that giving a warm compress has an effect. with a combination of music therapy on the level of dysmenorrhea pain with a p value of 0.00 (<0.05).

Chalazion is granulomatous inflammation with lipogranuloma or chronic non-infectious inflammation of the eyelids, in the form of nodules formed by inflammation and obstruction of the Meibomian Tarsal or Zeis glands. This chalazion often occurs in all age groups, but is more common in adults than children, and affects men and women equally. A chalazion usually appears as a painless swelling of the eyelid that has been present for weeks to months, which can cause cosmetic deformity in the patient. The priority management of chalazion to reduce existing complaints is conservative management. Some methods for conservative management in cases of chalazion include warm compresses, cleaning the eyelids with baby shampoo, and massaging the eyelids. If conservative management fails, patients can be treated with pharmacotherapy or surgery

Pregnancy is a period when pregnant women experience physiological and psychological changes. Physical changes that occur during pregnancy can cause complaints or discomfort during pregnancy, which include physical discomfort during pregnancy including back pain, low back pain, difficulty sleeping at night/insomnia, and leg cramps. Meanwhile, psychological discomfort that can occur in pregnant women is anxiety and fear of facing the birth process. Anxiety is one of the psychological changes in the third trimester because it is getting closer to the birth process. Resulting in excessive anxiety during pregnancy can trigger abortion, premature birth, low birth weight, fetal defects, fetal growth retardation, and postpartum depression. Three out of five third trimester pregnant women who were encountered experienced anxiety approaching labor, namely sleep disturbances. Practicing yoga during pregnancy is a useful solution as a self-help medium that will reduce discomfort during pregnancy and help with the birthing process. When pregnancy enters the third trimester, the mother will experience increasingly serious and intense anxiety in dealing with the birth process.

Background; The problem in postoperative patients is the pain felt due to surgical wounds. This results in patients feeling uncomfortable, uneasy, and various other emotional disturbances. So it is necessary to do dzikir therapy to treat pain. Purpose; Describe the effect of dhikr therapy on changes in postoperative pain scale. Method; Using a descriptive method in the form of a case study the two respondents focused on the implementation of dzikir therapy to reduce postoperative pain by giving dhikr therapy once for 3 days. Results; Dzikir therapy has an effect on changes in the postoperative pain scale so that the acute pain experienced by patients can be reduced. Patient 1 from a pain scale of 6 becomes a pain scale of 3 and Patient 2 from a pain scale of 6 becomes a pain scale of 2. Conclusion; Dzikir therapy in postoperative patients with pain can effectively reduce surgical pain and can be developed for further research

Pain is a phenomenon that is often found in life and is a sign of tissue damage in the body. Pain is a form of discomfort that can be caused by many things. Pain can arise due to the effects of certain diseases or the result of injury. Pain is often considered a sign that something is physiologically disturbed, causing someone to ask for help. Pain is also a serious problem that must be responded to and intervened by providing a sense of security and comfort and even relieving the pain (Fathoni & Cindy, 2019).