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Diarrhea remains a major public health problem among children in Indonesia, with a high prevalence that impacts morbidity, mortality, and child development. One of the key risk factors is non-compliance with hygiene practices, particularly handwashing behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between handwashing compliance and diarrhea cases among children treated in the Pediatric Ward of Dahlia, RSUD Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal. The research employed a quantitative analytic method with a cross-sectional design, involving a total sampling of 39 child respondents aged 5–10 years who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a handwashing compliance questionnaire and a diarrhea incidence questionnaire, and analyzed using Spearman’s Rank Correlation test. The results showed that most respondents were in the moderately compliant (53.8%) and compliant (43.6%) categories for handwashing, while the incidence of diarrhea remained relatively high at 51.3%. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant negative relationship between handwashing compliance and diarrhea cases (ρ = -0.538; p = 0.000), meaning that the higher the level of handwashing compliance, the lower the incidence of diarrhea. In conclusion, handwashing compliance is an important protective factor in reducing the risk of diarrhea among children. These findings emphasize the need for continuous education for children and parents regarding proper handwashing practices, as well as the integration of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) promotion into healthcare and educational services to prevent diarrhea from an early age

Kotagede, one of the historic districts in Yogyakarta, boasts a rich cultural and architectural heritage that makes it a prominent destination for walking tours. Walking along its historic alleys, traditional buildings, bustling markets, and local life offers visitors an authentic cultural tourism experience. However, the current design of walking tours in Kotagede still tends to emphasize historical narratives and architectural visualization, leaving the multisensory potential of the area underutilized. This study aims to analyze how tourists perceive sensory experiences (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile) during walking tours in Kotagede and to identify the most dominant elements that shape such experiences. The research employed a descriptive, qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The participants consisted of 32 tourists who had just completed a walking tour, selected through purposive sampling. The findings reveal that visual experience is the most dominant sensory element, particularly through traditional architecture and historic buildings. Auditory elements, such as birdsong and market activities, enrich the atmosphere, while tactile experiences with building materials provide authenticity and strengthen tourists' emotional connection with local history.Meanwhile, olfactory elements, such as the aroma of spices, incense, and aged wood, contribute to the overall ambiance, though occasionally disrupted by unpleasant odors from waste. Gustatory experiences are often encountered during tours of local culinary products, demonstrating strong potential as markers of cultural identity, although they are not yet fully integrated into the tour itinerary. These findings highlight a gap between Kotagede's multisensory potential and the existing design of the walking tour. Therefore, the development of more holistic sensory-based walking tours is necessary to enhance visitor satisfaction while reinforcing Kotagede’s cultural identity as a meaningful heritage destination.

The advances in the movie industry have led to the rapid rise of streaming platforms, becoming increasingly popular among people. With countries around the world constantly producing movies, subtitles play an essential role in making films more accessible to a broader audience. Subtitling strategies can be defined as a translation practice involving the display of written text, usually at the bottom of the screen, to convey the original dialogues of the speakers and the information contained in the soundtrack. This study uses data from the lk21 website and analyzes it using Gottlieb’s subtitling strategies theory, which consists of ten specific methods for audiovisual translation: Expansion, Paraphrase, Transfer, Imitation, Transcription, Deletion, Dislocation, Condensation, Decimation, and Resignation. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted in this study with observation, classification, and note-taking of each subtitle, suitable for the research, and describing the subtitling strategies applied in the movie. The findings show that seven strategies were applied in the Indonesian subtitles, namely paraphrase, transfer, condensation, imitation, deletion, dislocation, and expansion. Among them, paraphrase emerged as the most frequently used strategy, likely because figurative or culture-specific expressions in the source text often required adaptation to preserve their meaning for Indonesian viewers. On the other hand, expansion was identified as the least applied strategy, suggesting that the original dialogues rarely demanded additional explanation. Overall, the strategic use of these methods contributed to producing subtitles that were coherent, culturally adapted, and highly accessible to the target audience.

Waist circumference is a method used to determine central obesity, which is a condition of excess fat accumulation in the abdominal area, resulting in abnormal waist circumference in women >80 cm and men >90 cm. This study aims to determine the difference in effectiveness between prone plank exercise and bicycle crunch exercise in reducing waist circumference in adolescents. The research method used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest two-group design. The sample consisted of 24 participants, divided into Group I (prone plank exercise) and Group II (bicycle crunch exercise), with each group consisting of 12 participants. Both groups underwent exercise therapy for 4 weeks, with a frequency of 5 times per week, with an intensity of 30 seconds per set, repeated 3 times. The measurement tool used was a calibrated midline. The results showed that Group I (prone plank exercise) experienced a reduction in waist circumference of 5.75 cm, while Group II (bicycle crunch exercise) had a reduction of 7.91 cm, indicating that both exercise therapies have an effect on waist circumference reduction. The difference test between groups resulted in p>0.05 (p=0.747), meaning there is no significant difference between the two exercise types.

This study aims to reveal the representation of adolescents’ emotional crisis in the music video 0X1=LOVESONG (I Know I Love You) by the South Korean boy group TOMORROW X TOGETHER. Using Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach, the research analyzes the denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings of the visual elements presented in the music video. The main focus is on how emotional crises such as loneliness, instability, alienation, and inner escape are represented through visual symbols such as a dark and messy room, a burning car, and a character standing alone in an open field. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a critical paradigm, analyzing eight key scenes in the music video that most strongly depict emotional struggles. The scenes were selected based on their symbolic intensity and relevance to adolescent psychological issues. Data analysis was conducted by interpreting visual signs through Barthes’ concepts of denotation, connotation, and myth. The findings reveal that the music video symbolically narrates the psychological struggles of adolescents who are not only physically isolated but also emotionally detached. The visual symbols construct new meanings that represent the social reality of modern youth, burdened by environmental pressures, societal expectations, and the quest for self-identity. Through the myths it creates, the music video functions not only as a medium of entertainment but also as a reflection and critique of adolescents’ psychological vulnerability. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of emotional representation in popular media, particularly in audio-visual forms such as music videos, while enriching perspectives on how media constructs the narrative of adolescent emotional crises.

Creative thinking skills are fundamental competencies to be nurtured in 21st-century learning, especially within science education. One promising approach to developing these skills is the use of an Etno-STEM integrated E-Module implemented through the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model. The Etno-STEM integration seeks to link local wisdom and culture with the domains of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, thereby creating meaningful, contextualized learning experiences. This study aims to investigate the impact of implementing an Etno-STEM integrated E-Module through PjBL on students’ creative thinking skills. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with two classes: an experimental group using the Etno-STEM integrated E-Module and a control group using cooperative learning strategies. Research instruments comprised both test and non-test tools. The test instrument included objective-reasoned questions aligned with four creative thinking indicators—fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration—while the non-test instrument involved structured observation sheets to monitor learning implementation. Data analysis demonstrated that the Etno-STEM integrated E-Module using the PjBL model significantly improved students’ creative thinking skills compared to conventional approaches. This finding highlights the potential of combining local wisdom with innovative instructional models as an effective and culturally responsive strategy for advancing science learning aligned with 21st-century educational demands.

This study investigates the meanings associated with the song “Scaredy Cat” by Ian DPR, focusing on connotative and denotative aspects through a semantic perspective. Using qualitative research methods, this work builds on existing research related to figurative language. The findings highlight the complex interaction between the song's literal meaning and its deeper emotional implications, which collectively enhance its impact. Denotative aspects provide a clear understanding of the songwriter's experience, while connotative elements invite deeper engagement with themes of fear, anxiety, and vulnerability. This research reveals that figurative language, such as metaphors and imagery, contributes to the layered interpretation of songs. This complexity not only strengthens the emotional bond between the artist and the audience but also encourages listeners to reflect on their own feelings and experiences. The importance of language in music as a means of expressing human emotions is emphasized. By combining empathetic language and figurative language, songwriters can create a sense of release and emotional connection. The results align with previous research on the importance of figurative language in enhancing lyrical meaning and emotional resonance. Further research is recommended to explore the relationship between semantics and emotional expression across various music genres.

This study aims to analyze the representation of national values and friendship in the film Sekawan Limo using Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach. The film was selected because it combines horror elements with strong local cultural nuances, making it interesting to examine from the perspectives of visual communication, culture, and social values. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with primary data drawn from scenes, dialogues, visual symbols, and narratives within the film. The analysis was conducted through Barthes’ three levels of semiotics: denotation, connotation, and myth. At the denotative level, the film presents visual and verbal signs depicting character interactions and the cultural background of society. At the connotative level, these signs convey deeper meanings related to national values, such as respect for local culture, the importance of unity, and love for the homeland. Meanwhile, friendship values are reflected through solidarity, empathy, mutual support, and sacrifice among the main characters as they face conflicts together. At the myth level, the film illustrates how popular culture can serve as a medium for delivering moral and ideological messages, particularly the importance of preserving national identity while fostering strong bonds of friendship. The findings highlight that local films function not only as entertainment but also as an effective communication medium to convey national and social values to a broader audience. Thus, Sekawan Limo demonstrates that film plays a strategic role in strengthening cultural awareness while instilling moral values.

This study aims to describe the form and function of negation elements in the syntactic structure of Chairil Anwar's poetry anthology. The research method is descriptive qualitative with linguistic approach. The data sources are poetry texts by Chairil Anwar consisting of nine titles of Chairil Anwar's poems: Aku, Diponegoro, Karawang-Bekasi, Derai-Derai Cemara, Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil, Cintaku Jauh di Pulau, Hampa, Tak Sepadan and Siap Sedia. The data was collected using the documentation method, namely reading and scrutinizing the poetry texts to identify sentences that contain negation elements. The data found were then recorded and classified based on the form and location of the negation element in the syntactic structure of the sentence. Data analysis was conducted through several stages, namely: 1) identifying negation elements (all word/phrase elements containing negation elements in the poem); 2) classifying negation forms based on their types such as not, not, none, yet or don't; 3) analyzing syntactic structure (how the negation element functions in the syntactic structure, whether in predicate, subject, object or adverb; 4) interpreting the meaning and semantic and stylistic functions of negation elements in the context of the whole poem. To maintain data validity, this research uses theoretical triangulation by referring to various linguistic references (especially syntax and semantics) as well as previous studies on Chairil Anwar's poetry. In addition, data validation is done through cross-checking between readers on the results of identification and analysis. The results show that the element of negation plays a central role in shaping the syntactic structure, meaning and ideological and emotional character of his poetry. 

Menstrual pain is one of the most common health complaints experienced by many women and often interferes with daily activities, both in academic and social contexts. This study aimed to examine the effect of red ginger decoction in relieving menstrual discomfort. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest approach. From a total population of 487 students enrolled in the Diploma III Nursing program, 15 participants were selected using purposive random sampling. The study was conducted over a three-week period, from May 7 to May 27, 2025, using an observation sheet as the research instrument. The initial pain level was measured before the intervention using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Each participant who reported menstrual pain was then given 200 ml of red ginger decoction, and after 30 minutes, pain levels were reassessed to determine any changes. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to examine data distribution, while differences in mean scores before and after the intervention were analyzed using the Paired Sample t-Test. The findings showed that the average pain score before treatment was 7.53 and decreased to 5.67 after the intervention, with a mean difference of 1.89. The statistical analysis yielded a significance value of p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a meaningful difference. Therefore, it can be concluded that consuming red ginger decoction is effective in reducing menstrual pain intensity. Consequently, red ginger may be recommended as a natural alternative for managing dysmenorrhea, while educational institutions are encouraged to provide health education regarding the use of herbal remedies, particularly red ginger, for menstrual pain relief. Future researchers are expected to use these findings as a reference and further explore other variables in subsequent studie.

This study aims to investigate the influence of organizational culture, work motivation, and work environment on job satisfaction at X Group. The research focuses on understanding how these factors contribute to employees' overall satisfaction with their work. The sampling technique employed is Non-Probability Sampling, using the accidental sampling method, which selects respondents based on their availability and willingness to participate. The study’s sample consists of 30 respondents from a total population of 40 employees. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis, with SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel 2019 as the software tools. The results of the study indicate that Organizational Culture (X1) has a non-significant effect on job satisfaction, meaning that the organizational culture at X Group does not substantially influence employees' job satisfaction. On the other hand, Work Motivation (X2) was found to have a significant effect on job satisfaction, suggesting that higher levels of motivation in the workplace lead to greater job satisfaction. Additionally, the Work Environment (X3) also showed a non-significant effect on job satisfaction, indicating that environmental factors within the company have a minimal impact on employees' overall satisfaction. The findings suggest that while organizational culture and work environment may play a role in job satisfaction, work motivation is the most influential factor. These results can help guide strategies to improve employee job satisfaction at X Group.

This research aims to determine the effect of the Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, and Total Asset Turnover on Return On Assets (ROA) in manufacturing companies within the Industrial Machinery and Heavy Equipment sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 – 2024. The study utilized secondary data in the form of annual financial statements from 9 companies in the machinery and heavy equipment sub-sector. These companies were selected using the purposive sampling technique based on specific criteria. The research applied a multiple linear regression model, with data processed using IBM SPSS version 25. The findings show that, partially, the Current Ratio has a positive and significant effect on Return On Assets, indicating that better liquidity management improves asset returns. The Debt to Equity Ratio, however, showed no significant impact on Return On Assets, suggesting that financial leverage does not strongly influence the return generated from assets in these companies. The Net Profit Margin was found to have a positive and significant effect on Return On Assets, meaning that higher profitability directly enhances asset performance. Similarly, Total Asset Turnover has a positive and significant impact on Return On Assets, indicating that efficient asset utilization leads to higher returns. The study highlights key financial indicators for improving asset returns in manufacturing companies within the sub-sector.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is rapidly increasing globally and is associated with a high risk of peripheral arterial complications. The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is a simple and reliable tool for screening peripheral arterial disease, while foot exercise represents a practical, low-cost, and non-pharmacological intervention to improve peripheral perfusion. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of foot exercise in improving ABI values among hospitalized patients with DM. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was implemented with 26 purposively selected inpatients with DM. Participants performed standardized foot exercises once daily for 15 minutes over two consecutive days. ABI values were measured using a sphygmomanometer and vascular Doppler before and after the intervention, and data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The mean ABI significantly increased from 0.707 (SD = 0.031) to 0.884 (SD = 0.027) (p < 0.001), indicating a clinically meaningful improvement from moderate impairment to near-normal circulation. These results demonstrate that foot exercise is effective in improving ABI values among hospitalized DM patients. The study highlights foot exercise as a safe, simple, and non-pharmacological nursing intervention that can be recommended in inpatient care settings to improve peripheral perfusion and prevent further complications related to peripheral arterial disease. This intervention offers a promising approach to managing peripheral arterial complications in diabetic patients

This article explores the symbolic meanings embedded in nonverbal communication present during the series of traditional Javanese wedding ceremonies from the Pakem Surakarta tradition. The purpose of this study is to identify and interpret the cultural symbols hidden in each phase of the ritual, such as the exchange of kembar mayang, stepping on eggs, sindur binayang, kacar-kucur, dhahar klimah, and sungkeman. The approach used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with an ethnographic communication framework. Data was collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews with community leaders or wedding officiants, as well as cultural figures from the villages of Cendono and Bakalan in Pasuruan Regency. The findings of the study emphasize that the nonverbal symbols present in the ceremony carry meanings related to values of responsibility, role equality, purity, blessings, and affection, which are directed not only toward the bride and groom but also to the extended families and the surrounding community. Therefore, Javanese traditional marriage is not merely a ritual event, but also a means of preserving cultural teachings and spiritual values across generations. The ceremony reflects a strong bond between individuals, families, and the community, fostering social and spiritual harmony. Furthermore, this ceremony serves as a medium for strengthening intergenerational relationships within society, with the aim of preserving traditions and moral values in social life. Thus, a traditional Javanese wedding not only symbolizes the union of two individuals but also acts as a medium for maintaining and spreading cultural and spiritual values within the community.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death globally, following heart disease and stroke. One of the most commonly used treatments is chemotherapy, which offers various benefits but also causes physical and mental side effects. One of the psychological side effects often experienced is anxiety. Extreme fear and the threat of death from cancer can affect adherence to treatment. This study aims to assess the relationship between anxiety levels and medication adherence in breast cancer chemotherapy patients at RSUD Semarang. This research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational method, involving 110 participant samples. The questionnaires used for data collection were DASS-42 to measure anxiety levels and MMAS-8 to assess medication adherence. The study was conducted from June 30 to July 31, 2025, in the Oncology Center room of RSUD Sultan Agung Semarang. Bivariate analysis using Pearson's correlation test showed a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05, indicating a significant relationship between anxiety levels and medication adherence in breast cancer chemotherapy patients. The measured correlation coefficient of -0.325** shows a moderately strong negative relationship, meaning that the higher the anxiety level, the lower the patient's adherence to medication. Based on these findings, it is recommended that nurses in the oncology unit provide additional education and support to patients regarding their anxiety. Effective psychological support can help patients reduce anxiety and increase adherence to treatment, which in turn can improve the outcomes of chemotherapy treatment.

The presence of colloquial expressions in public signage commonly referred to ba- hasa gaul has increasingly become a linguistic hallmark in various tourism and recreational ar- eas in Indonesia. This study investigates the use of informal language on public signage at Pantai Kelan, Bali, and analyzes such linguistic choices that reflect social dynamics, youth identity, and evolving modes of communication in public space. Grounded in sociolinguistic perspectives, the research highlights the role of signage as not only a medium of information, but also a space for constructing shared meaning and fostering engagement through culturally resonant expressions. This qualitative research employed observational and documentation methods. It focused on twelve public signs installed at Pantai Kelan. Data were collected through field observations, photographic documentation, and subsequent transcription and analysis of the linguistic forms. The analysis fo- cused on identifying dominant lexical patterns, stylistic choices, and communicative functions of the language used. The signs were then interpreted with reference to their potential cultural, social, and interactional implications within the broader framework of linguistic landscape studies. The findings indicate that the use of bahasa gaul in signage serves multiple purposes: capturing atten- tion, expressing local identity, evoking humor, and connecting with a predominantly young and digital-native audience. Rather than being perceived as informal or inappropriate, such language use contributes to the effectiveness of public communication in specific contexts. The study con- tributes to the growing body of literature on language in public space and emphasizes the impor- tance of cultural relevance and sociolinguistic awareness in designing public signage that is both meaningful and impactful

This article explores the spirituality of the bate symbol within the context of the blessing of Catholic church buildings in Tana Toraja as a concrete form of inculturation of the Christian faith into local culture. Originally, bate functioned as a religious symbol in traditional Toraja ceremonies for inaugurating tongkonan (ancestral houses). Over time, however, this symbol has been adopted and reinterpreted in Catholic liturgical celebrations, particularly during church blessing rituals. The study employs a qualitative method using a literature review and applies Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutical framework, which consists of three stages: the world of the interpreter, the world of the text, and appropriation. The analysis reveals that bate can be understood as a cultural text rich in spiritual meaning. Traditionally, it symbolizes a connection between heaven and earth as well as cosmic power. Within the perspective of Christian inculturation, bate undergoes symbolic reinterpretation, representing values of faith such as the Trinity, the cross, the Eucharist, the Holy Scripture, and Jesus Christ as the mediator of salvation. The incorporation of bate in Catholic liturgy is not merely a cultural adaptation but a tangible manifestation of the encounter between faith and culture, achieved in a contextual and symbolic manner within Torajan society. This study affirms the significance of inculturation in proclaiming the Gospel in a way that is relevant and grounded, without compromising the core essence of Catholic faith. Furthermore, it recommends further research on other local symbols to enrich the dialogue between faith and culture in pastoral contexts.

This study aims to determine the effect of work discipline, work motivation, and job satisfaction on the performance of teachers at SMK Kartika X-2 South Jakarta. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, with data analysis using multiple linear regression. The sampling technique employed is non-probability sampling, specifically saturated sampling, with 45 teacher respondents. Data was collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale and processed using Microsoft Excel software and SPSS version 22. This study focuses on three main variables: work discipline, work motivation, and job satisfaction, which are believed to affect teacher performance. The results of the study indicate that the work discipline variable has a significant effect on teacher performance, meaning that the better the work discipline of teachers, the higher the performance they produce. However, work motivation and job satisfaction were found not to have a significant effect on teacher performance at SMK Kartika X-2 South Jakarta. This finding suggests that work discipline is more dominant in influencing teacher performance compared to work motivation and job satisfaction. The results of this study are expected to provide managerial implications for the school in designing policies to improve teachers' work discipline, which in turn will contribute to the overall improvement of performance within the educational environment of SMK Kartika X-2 South Jakarta.

High turnover intention has become a critical issue in the broadcasting industry, especially in divisions that operate under fast-paced tasks and high levels of pressure. This study aims to analyze the influence of career development and job satisfaction on employees’ intention to leave the organization. Career development is measured through indicators such as promotion opportunities, work experience, and training, while job satisfaction is assessed through compensation, work environment, and recognition. A quantitative research design was applied, utilizing Partial Least Square (PLS) to analyze data obtained from a survey of employees working in a broadcasting company in Surabaya. The findings demonstrate that both career development and job satisfaction have a significant negative relationship with turnover intention, meaning that improvements in these variables can effectively reduce employees’ desire to quit. Among the career development indicators, work experience was found to be the most dominant factor influencing employee retention. On the other hand, recognition emerged as the most influential dimension of job satisfaction, showing that appreciation from the organization plays a crucial role in maintaining employee commitment. Overall, this study highlights the importance for broadcasting companies to implement effective career development strategies and enhance job satisfaction in order to minimize turnover intention and sustain organizational stability.

This study aims to analyze the responsibilities of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) and the state in implementing restitution for victims of sexual violence, particularly when the perpetrators are unable to pay or are sentenced to death. The background of this research lies in the weak implementation of restitution, which should be a fundamental right of victims, as illustrated by the case of Herry Wirawan based on the Bandung High Court Decision Number 86/Pid.Sus/2022/PT Bdg. The research addresses two main problems: (1) how the state and LPSK ensure the victims’ rights to restitution under such circumstances, and (2) what obstacles hinder the implementation of restitution based on the decision. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and case study approach. The findings show that the implementation of restitution still faces serious obstacles, such as the absence of technical mechanisms, the lack of designated executing institutions, and the lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies. LPSK plays a role in proposing and calculating restitution amounts but lacks execution authority. Moreover, the state has not yet fulfilled its role as the ultimate guarantor for victims when the perpetrator is unable to comply. In conclusion, Indonesia’s legal system needs to strengthen technical regulations, ensure inter-agency coordination, and affirm the state's role as a guarantor of restitution to achieve meaningful restorative justice for victims of sexual violence