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This research aims to find out and analyze the form of a loan-to-use agreement for a certificate that is not one's own as collateral in the Civil Code and to find out and analyze the role of the collateral recipient in receiving a certificate that is not one's own. This research uses normative legal research, also known as library research, legal research, or legal research instruction, mere secondary data research. Namely examining the law which is conceptualized as legal norms or applicable rules. Data sources were obtained from written sources based on statutory regulations related to the issues discussed. The research results show that borrowing land certificates includes borrowing and not borrowing. However, due to the certificate owner's ignorance, ownership of the land certificate was transferred to the borrower when the owner signed the documents submitted by the certificate borrower. As a result, when the certificate borrower uses the borrowed certificate as collateral, the creditor assumes that the certificate used as collateral belongs to the certificate borrower because the land certificate is in the name of the certificate borrower and the involvement of a third party in guaranteeing land rights can be explained by looking at several articles in the Law. -Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning mortgage rights, namely in article 1 paragraph (2), (3), (4), (6) concerning parties directly involved in mortgage rights, article 4 concerning objects of mortgage rights and article 8 concerning On the subject of mortgage rights, this article appears to provide broad limitations regarding ownership of the land that will be used as collateral.  

This article explores the contributions of Muslim scholars to the development of number theory and their impact on global mathematics. Through a qualitative research method with a library research approach, the study examines the works of notable figures such as Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Kindi, Omar Khayyam, and Al-Karaji, highlighting their roles in refining and advancing mathematical concepts. It also discusses the philosophical and theological influences that shaped their approaches to numbers and mathematics. The article further analyzes the transmission of these ideas to the Western world and their subsequent influence on Western mathematical traditions. The findings suggest that Muslim scholars played a pivotal role in the evolution of number theory by integrating knowledge from various civilizations and introducing innovative mathematical frameworks. Despite certain limitations regarding source accessibility and reliance on historical interpretations, the research underscores the enduring impact of these contributions on the development of modern mathematics.

The aim of this research is to examine the legal certainty of deeds of sharing joint rights due to divorce related to blocked land title certificates. The type of research that will be used is normative. The research approach is carried out using the statutory approach, case approach, conceptual approach and analytical approach. Sources of legal materials used in normative legal research consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis techniques by collecting legal materials and other sources of legal materials that are relevant to the legal issues being studied. Analysis of legal materials carried out in this research is legal interpretation (interpretation) and legal construction methods, namely grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation. Legal certainty regarding the Deed of Sharing of Joint Rights regarding divorce is based on the Civil Code, the Marriage Law and legal regulations regarding land so that the process of transferring land rights can be carried out.

The existence of micro businesses for a country is important and is an indicator for assessing societal civilization. In reality, the current conditions in society are that there are still many micro business actors who do not know and have not registered a business permit, one of which is the residents of Kilasah Village, Kasemen District, Serang City. This can happen because of the lack of literacy regarding business legality and the benefits of NIB. So under these conditions, tum PkM provides assistance in making NIBs to MSMEs in Kilasah Village as a solution to the problem of not developing their businesses. The implementation of PkM goes through four stages, namely the observation stage of partner problems, the preparation stage, the implementation stage which contains providing education and motivation for registering business legality, as well as filling out the NIB form directly to the MUI. The result of this activity is that through the mentoring program for making NIB business legality, MSME actors in Kilasah Village understand NIB and understand the benefits of legality of their business. Through the mentoring program for making NIB business legality, MSME actors in Kilasah Village understand and can practice the steps and flow, as well as procedures for making NIB. The results obtained prove the success of the PkM team in helping assist MSMEs residents of Kilasah Village in creating Business Identification Numbers (NIB) that can develop their businesses with standardized products.

Criminal acts in the banking sector are defined as all types of unlawful acts related to activities in carrying out bank business activities and intersect with the provisions of laws and regulations containing special criminal law and general criminal law. The purpose of this study is to determine the Accountability for Banking Crimes from the Perspective of Criminal Law and Banking Law. Using the Normative Juridical method.The practice or mode of violation of the bank procedure system carried out by bank employees and resulting in banking crimes is carried out with the following characteristics: Banking crimes are always followed by violations of the bank procedure system.In the event of a violation of the bank procedure system and resulting in a crime in the banking sector, the bank as a corporation cannot be held criminally responsible for the crime committed by bank employees because of banking laws and regulations, especially Article 49 of Law No. 10 of 1998 limits the perpetrators to individuals only, namely Directors, Commissioners or Bank Employees. In the event that the impact of the act is detrimental to the bank's customers concerned, then the responsibility that can be demanded of the bank as a corporation is civil responsibility.

The purpose of writing this article is to analyze and understand how the law protects against software copyright infringement so that later we can find out how the law enforcement process works according to positive law in Indonesia. This research uses normative research methods as a reference in analyzing problems based on a statutory approach. The results obtained from this research are that software is a work that is protected by law so that anyone who violates these provisions can be subject to sanctions. Law enforcement proceedings can be filed based on civil proceedings or criminal proceedings and can be carried out in three ways of resolution, namely through alternative settlements, arbitration mediation bodies, or with commercial courts through Intellectual Property Rights.

This study aims to determine the direct and indirect effect of leadership, motivation, training on performance through employee satisfaction of the regional secretariat of bintan regency. This type of research uses quantitative research methods with primary and secondary data sources. The population in this study was 109 Civil Servants (PNS) who worked at the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat office. In this study, data collection was carried out using the census method in which the entire population was taken as a sample. By using the census method, this study aims to obtain accurate and representative data from the entire existing population. This step will make it easier for researchers to analyze and describe the characteristics and events that occur in the population. This research uses Smart-Pls as a data processing tool. The results of this study, Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This proves that Leadership can affect the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This proves that Motivation can affect the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Training has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This proves that Training can affect the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Job Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This proves that Job Satisfaction can affect the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. This proves that Leadership can affect the Job Satisfaction of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. This proves that Motivation can affect the Job Satisfaction of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Training has a positive and insignificant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. Job Satisfaction mediates positively and significantly between Leadership and the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Job Satisfaction mediates positively and significantly between Motivation and the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Job Satisfaction mediates positively and insignificantly between Training and the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat.  

This study aims to determine the Effect of Economic Growth and Inflation and Unemployment Rate on the Human Development Index and Poverty in East Kalimantan Province. Inferential data analysis techniques using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results of the study indicate that the Human Development Index (HDI) has a significant effect on the unemployment rate in East Kalimantan Province, with a probability value smaller than the specified significance level. There are disparities that need to be considered in development in rural areas to ensure equal opportunities for all residents to achieve a better quality of life. Rural areas still face challenges in access to education and health services, as well as regional disparities in development, which need to be addressed through appropriate and sustainable policies. Assistance programs such as Direct Cash Assistance (BLT), National Health Insurance (JKN), and the Family Hope Program (PKH) have helped reduce the burden on the poor by providing access to basic needs. Efforts to improve the quality of education, health, and infrastructure in rural areas are the main focus to create a more prosperous and independent society. Although there has been progress in poverty alleviation, there are still challenges such as regional inequality, quality of education and health, and economic diversification that need to be addressed. Collaboration between the government, private sector, and civil society is needed to create sustainable and effective solutions to overcome poverty in East Kalimantan. Economic growth, inflation, and unemployment rates are interrelated and significantly affect the Human Development Index and poverty rates in East Kalimantan Province. Therefore, comprehensive and sustainable policies are needed to achieve inclusive and equitable development in this region.

war trauma and its relationship to women in regions of conflict are conceptualized by the confusion of identities between male and female identity, soldiering, and even immigration issues. The majority of combat literature has been written by men, but Sand Queen distinguishes apart because it emphasizes the viewpoint of the female character and author. The story of Kate develops to depict the gruesome details and complexities of the conflict. Her experience demonstrates that women face particular challenges throughout combat as well as in civilian life. In Sand Queen, the consequences of the war trauma can be seen in the characters' reactions throughout the dialogical narrative that recounts the terrible experiences of a female soldier.

war trauma and its relationship to women in regions of conflict are conceptualized by the confusion of identities between male and female identity, soldiering, and even immigration issues. The majority of combat literature has been written by men, but Sand Queen distinguishes apart because it emphasizes the viewpoint of the female character and author. The story of Kate develops to depict the gruesome details and complexities of the conflict. Her experience demonstrates that women face particular challenges throughout combat as well as in civilian life. In Sand Queen, the consequences of the war trauma can be seen in the characters' reactions throughout the dialogical narrative that recounts the terrible experiences of a female soldier.

“Kelurahan” is a public administration area that is the spearhead of government, especially in the Walantaka District area and is obliged to fulfill the needs and rights of every citizen in the form of civil services available only at the Nyapah Village government office. In reality, the work unit is still not optimal in carrying out its duties and functions, especially in providing services to the community. The purpose of this community service is to provide information and education that can improve the quality of service of the Nyapah Village apparatus, by increasing the ability to master science and technology, so that the implementation of services to the community can reach the speed as possible easily and at low cost by prioritizing the interests and needs of the community. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach with data collection, both through interviews, observations, and documentation. This journal describes the Integrated Village Administration Service Development Model (PATEN) as part of digital public services and transparency to the community. The purpose of this digital public service survey is to provide convenience in the level of service satisfaction to the community carried out by the Nyapah Village apparatus.

In accordance with Indonesia's Trade Secret Law, the proprietor of any technological or business information that is both uncommon and of economic value is obliged to maintain its confidentiality. It is incumbent upon companies to enter into specific agreements with employees who are privy to this information, with the objective of preventing leaks. The case studies of PT AIA Financial and PT 3D Garmentech illustrate the significance of legal protection and dispute resolution in the context of corporate data leaks. This research employs a qualitative analysis of the issue, utilizing both secondary and primary data and normative legal methods. This research concludes that the owner of a trade secret is entitled to exclusive use and licensing of the trade secret, and may prohibit other parties from using or disclosing such information for commercial purposes, in accordance with Article 4 of the UURD. In the event of a leak, disputes can be resolved through non-litigation channels or, in the event that these prove ineffective, through closed-door courts. A variety of legal protections are available to owners of trade secrets, including the use of confidentiality agreements with employees and the initiation of civil suits for compensation. Additionally, criminal law offers protection, as delineated in Articles 16 and 17 of the UURD. The drafters of the UURD vested the state with the authority to enforce compliance with trade secret legislation.

The land holds significant importance for the people in Indonesia and is one of the country's natural resources. As an agricultural country, a large portion of the Indonesian population relies on agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. Farming, which involves cultivating land to produce food, has long been a cornerstone of rural economies. Notaries and Land Deed Officials (PPAT) play a critical role in Indonesia’s legal and land administration systems. Notaries, governed by Law No. 2 of 2014 and Article 1868 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), are authorized to create authentic deeds, ensure legal certainty, and maintain document custody. Meanwhile, PPATs, under Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 and Law No. 4 of 1996, are responsible for drafting deeds related to land registration and mortgage rights, including transactions involving the sale, purchase, and transfer of land rights. The distinct authority of notaries and PPATs is clearly defined by the relevant regulations, with the Constitutional Court Decision No. 5/PUU-XII/2014 affirming that their jurisdictions do not overlap, thereby safeguarding legal certainty in land administration.

Discipline of the State Civil Apparatus has been regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2023 concerning the State Civil Apparatus. In this regulation, the State Civil Apparatus consists of Civil Servants and Government Employees with Employment Agreements who are appointed by civil service development officials and entrusted with duties in a government position or entrusted with other state duties and are given income based on statutory regulations. The purpose of this regulation is intended to serve as a guideline in enforcing State Civil Service Discipline. However, the reality in the field is that violations of State Civil Apparatus Discipline, especially at SMAN 15 Batam, still occur frequently and repeatedly. This research aims to find out how the law regulates the enforcement of discipline towards State Civil Apparatus in the SMAN 15 Batam environment, how the implementation of law enforcement regarding the application of discipline towards the State Civil Apparatus in the SMAN 15 Batam environment and the obstacles faced by SMAN 15 Batam in enforcing discipline against State Civil Apparatus and alternative problem solving in the form of rewards and punishments. The research method used is a qualitative method with a normative and empirical juridical approach that analyzes statutory regulations relevant to the discipline of the State Civil Service. The data sources for this research were obtained from secondary data and primary data. Primary data was collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data was obtained from previous literature, books, journals and case studies. The results of the research show that so far the process of imposing punishment has only taken the form of a verbal warning delivered directly by the school principal. Verbal warnings are a form of light disciplinary punishment. Verbal warnings are given by considering the background of the Civil Servant disciplinary violation and the impact of the violation. Based on these results, the suggestion put forward is that it is hoped that all State Civil Servants will increase awareness of ASN discipline as well as understand and carry out obligations and avoid prohibitions in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. State civil servants must be more responsible for themselves and in carrying out ASN duties so that the objectives of ASN discipline can be realized well. For example, arriving at school early to avoid unexpected obstacles. In the future, enforcement of discipline in the State Civil Service must really be carried out properly and the process of imposing punishments must be stricter against perpetrators of violations of discipline by the State Civil Service so that it can provide a deterrent effect for undisciplined ASN.    

Electronic credit facilities represent a significant banking innovation, employing technology in a manner that diverges from the established procedures associated with conventional credit. A credit deed that is not in accordance with the formal legal requirements is nevertheless considered to have legal force if the signature is recognized by the relevant parties. This thesis addresses the legal force and position of underhand credit agreements in commercial banks, as well as their suitability with the legal requirements of agreements according to the Civil Code and ITE Law, particularly in instances where the debtor subsequently rejects the signature. This thesis employs normative legal research methods to procure secondary data pertinent to the subject matter. The secondary data comprises primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are then subjected to qualitative analysis. The research demonstrates that the legal certainty of electronic credit agreements in commercial banks is regulated by the Civil Code Law Number 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, and OJK Regulation Number 38/POJK.03/2016 on the Application of Risk Management in the Use of Information Technology by Commercial Banks. In the event of a dispute over the rejection of an electronic signature in an agreement, the matter may be resolved through litigation after all other avenues of non-litigation have been exhausted. In electronic credit agreements, electronic signatures are recognized as valid evidence, thereby affording legal protection to creditors.

Property business is the activity of buying and selling a plot of land or house involving 2 (two) parties between the seller (business actor) and the buyer (consumer), in its implementation gives birth to legal relationships carried out through agreements. Quality in running a property business, business actors selling their plot of land to consumers are inseparable from the fact that the business actor gets the land previously from the landowner to then sell it to consumers. The method used in this study is Normative Juridical. The legal protection of agreements made by business actors and consumers in the property business is guided by articles 1320 and 1338 of the Civil Code. Breach of promise not to carry out the agreed is a form of default committed by one of the parties to the agreement as regulated by article 1234 of the Civil Code which can be resolved with a "win and win solution" through negotiations so that business actors and consumers are protected. Consumer protection in property business agreements starts from the beginning of the purchase, making the agreement, payment to the sale and purchase deed agreement. Consumers who have signed the agreement means that they have agreed to all the terms and conditions that have been set. All of these agreements, both oral, written, and deed are not authentic. Authentic deeds that are carried out legally, as long as consumers have fulfilled their achievements by making payments in full, not negligently, in accordance with their rights and obligations in Law no. 8 of 1999, consumers are obliged to get legal protection.

The criminal justice system in Indonesia is plagued by various types of crimes, including official indifference, abuse of authority by officers, and human rights violations related to people's civil rights.  The rights of suspects, which are fundamental human rights and are ingrained in them, are often ignored in the Indonesian criminal justice system, to the detriment of suspects.  The case that attracted attention was an incident that occurred in 2013 in Cipulir, South Jakarta, where several buskers were accused of committing the crime of murder.  This case surfaced after reports that detained buskers were not given their basic rights during the investigation process, which could be linked to a violation of Miranda Rule principles.  This research aims to find out how the Miranda Rule principles guarantee the rights of suspects in the criminal justice system in Indonesia.  The method used in this research is a normative method, using the concept of a statutory approach.  The purpose of the results of this research is to understand that the Miranda Principle or known as Miranda rights is what happens when someone gives a warning to someone who is in danger.   Namely the right to obtain/contact legal advisors/advocates.  If unable, then given the opportunity to provide legal advice/advocate.  The right to obtain legal assistance has been included in Articles 54, 55 and 114 of the Criminal Procedure Code.   If he is unable to do so, the suspect has the right to be provided with legal advice by the relevant official or through an investigator, as regulated in article 56 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Procedure Code.   As for Miranda Warning (Right To Remain Silent), it is not regulated explicitly, but its application can be interpreted implicitly in articles 52, 117 and 166 of the Criminal Procedure Code.    

This study investigates the correlation between visionary-participative leadership style, digital technology literacy, employee involvement, and civil servant performance within the digital transformation context of the Semarang City Regional Revenue Agency. Employing a quantitative methodology, a survey of 105 staff members is conducted. The investigation in this research utilized Structural Equation Modeling methodologies employing the Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) framework. This study underscores the significance of adopting a holistic method toward advancing human capital by combining the improvement of digital competencies with tactics to enhance employee involvement. Study findings indicate that digital technology literacy skills substantially and constructively influence employee engagement and performance. Visionary-participative leadership positively impacts employee engagement, yet its direct effect on performance is deemed insignificant. Employee involvement is demonstrated to have a significant and favorable impact on performance. Theoretical and practical implications emphasize the necessity of crafting a more tailored digital transformation framework for the public sector and the importance of revamping leadership development initiatives to address the intricacies of bureaucracy in the digital age.    

The aim of this research is to partially determine whether motivation has a significant effect on employee performance, motivation has an effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction has an effect on performance, and whether job satisfaction mediates work motivation on employee performance. This research was conducted quantitatively using an explanatory and descriptive approach and data collection through questionnaires. A total of 40 employees of the Sukoharjo Regency Satu Pindu Investment and Integrated Services Service consist of 27 civil servants, 3 PPPK and 10 freelance daily workers (THL). Regression correlation analysis was used. The results of the analysis show that work motivation has a significant effect on performance and job satisfaction, job satisfaction has a significant effect on performance and job satisfaction has succeeded in mediating work motivation on employee performance.

Traditional massage parlors have changed dramatically. Several traditional massage parlors in Indonesia have been in the spotlight in recent years due to the covert prostitution practices that occur in these places. This practice involves sexual services offered as part of traditional massage services, and it has become a serious problem affecting various aspects of society. The problem discussed is how the practice of covert prostitution in traditional massage parlors in Indonesia cannot be fully criminalized under Articles 296 & 506 of the Criminal Code and how criminal law is enforced against the practice of prostitution in covert massage parlors in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to analyze the practice of covert prostitution in traditional massage parlors in Indonesia which cannot yet be fully criminalized under Articles 296 & 506 of the Criminal Code and analyze criminal law enforcement against the practice of prostitution in covert massage parlors in Indonesia. The theories used in this thesis are law enforcement theory and legal certainty theory. The research method was carried out using a statutory approach which was carried out by examining all laws and regulations relating to the legal issues being handled as well as approaching cases that occurred in the practice of disguised prostitution in massage parlor activities. Problems in the Effectiveness of implementing Articles 296 and 506 of the Criminal Code in law enforcement against prostitution in massage parlors is very dependent on the joint efforts of various parties, availability of resources, and commitment to crack down on this crime consistently and fairly. According to the author, criminal law enforcement against the practice of prostitution in hidden massage parlors in Indonesia currently does not yet have full legal certainty in the application of Articles 296 and 506 of the Criminal Code and related laws. Furthermore, related to the law enforcement factor which is less than optimal, according to the author, the legal system in the crime of prostitution does not work properly, especially related to the legal culture of individual officers who have not made efforts to enforce the law. The suggestions in the research are the need for cooperation between the government, community sponsored organizations (NGO ),child protection institutions and civil society in dealing with the problem of prostitution and improving the legal culture or culture where there must be a mental improvement of government officials and law enforcement officials so that there are no more unscrupulous individuals playing in law enforcement efforts against hidden massage parlors under the guise of prostitution.