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This article examines the influence of multilingualism on language policies and instructional practices in higher education institutions across different countries. The study investigates how universities integrate multiple languages into their curricula, support bilingual students, and adapt teaching methods to accommodate linguistic diversity. The findings suggest that a multilingual approach in higher education can promote inclusivity, enhance student engagement, and contribute to the global competitiveness of institutions.Keywords: , , , , 

Pragmatics is the speaker's intention in communicating between the speaker and the speech partner. Pragmatics is related to signs (symbols) and meaning. Moris 1938 as the founder of the oldest field of pragmatics studies. Aspects in pragmatic studies are language, context, and understanding. Analysis of expressive types on Shabira Alula's TikTok account. This analysis uses a qualitative descriptive method. Expressive speech acts are the intention of the speaker's speech as an evaluation in communication. Some expressive types praise, complain, please, etc. There are types of expressiveness that are not widely known and what they mean, so the aim of this research is to find out the types of expressiveness and why they occur on Shabira Alula's TikTok account. Understanding, listening, and taking notes as data retrieval techniques. The research results show an expressive type based on Shabira Alula's TikTok account video. The benefits of this analysis are expected to know and develop each type of expressiveness. The results of the analysis based on @Shabiraalulaadnan's TikTok video show several types of expressiveness, namely comforting expressiveness, criticizing expressiveness, praising expressiveness, confusion expressiveness, apologizing expressiveness, thanking expressiveness, blaming expressiveness.

This research aims to improve students' speaking skills through the mind mapping method for fifth grade students at SDN NO. 18 Bababulo Majene Regency. The subjects used in this research were 15 students. This research procedure consists of 4 stages per cycle, namely planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The indicator of learning outcomes in this research is increasing speaking skills. The data collection was carried out using observation, evaluation and documentation techniques. The results of this study showed that there was an increase in student activity, namely in the first cycle 61.9%, an increase in the second cycle to 82.4%. There was an increase in learning outcomes from cycle I, obtaining an average score of 61.06% with learning completeness of 53.33%. In cycle II the average score was 75.4% with learning completeness 86.67%. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the mind mapping method can improve speaking skills in class V students at SDN NO. 18 Bababulo Majene Regency.

The purpose of this research is to determine the Pancasila Student Profile, the sub-element of self-discipline in learning for class V students. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The subjects used were class V students. The sampling in this study used purposive sampling. The research sample was 6 students, considering students with high cognitive scores, medium cognitive scores and low cognitive scores. Data collection uses observation sheets, interviews and documentation. The research results show: NF, IR, AY, ZD, RI, and ZL can enter on time respectively. The neatness, completeness and correctness of the uniforms used by NF, IR, AY, ZD, RI and ZL are good, complete and correct according to the respective schedule. NF, IR, AY, and ZD collected assignments on time twice, while RI and ZL respectively did not submit assignments on time. NF, IR, and AY did the task individually, while ZD did it twice and RI and ZL did not do it alone. No walking around while learning NF, IR, AY, ZD, RI, and ZL focus on their respective seats. Get motivation from teachers NF, IR, AY, ZD, RI, and ZL 3 days in a row. Get reward/punishment NF, IR, AY and ZD 1 time, while RI and ZL punishment 2 times.

The aim of creating this final work is to visualize self-reflection by using it as an idea in creating a work of surrealist painting. As well as as a means to deepen the concepts and techniques of painting work. The creation of this final work applies a creation method that is carried out in stages. Starting from the preparation stage, elaboration stage, synthesis stage, concept realization stage, and completion stage. Based on the method that has been carried out, ten work titles were obtained, namely: "Transformation and Regeneration", "Like Time, Wings", "Balance", "Explorer", "Adaptation", "Wading Bats", "Peering Behind the Wings”,“Break through”, “Sleep”.  

Numeracy markets are activities that imitate market situations that are closely related to everyday life. Students are given the opportunity to design, manufacture, market, and sell goods. This research aims to help students improve their numeracy skills, increase their understanding of basic mathematical concepts, and improve their social skills and creativity through numeracy market activities. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of fifth grade students at UPTD satdik SDN Curahtakir 4. The stages in this research included observing placement schools and their problems, designing activities as solutions to problem solving, carrying out AKM pretests, carrying out numeracy market activities, carrying out AKM posttests, and then analyzing and evaluating . The research results show that it is very suitable for elementary school (SD) students because it offers new experiences in interpreting mathematical concepts. This numeracy market activity also has a positive impact on improving student learning outcomes in the context of mathematics. Apart from that, the findings from this research are that the AKM numeracy post-test scores for class V students have increased compared to the previous AKM numeracy pre-test scores.

This study aims to analyze the semiotic meanings and to find out the types of gestures in the BTS Blood, Sweat, and Tears In theory, Roland Barthes discusses three semiotic meanings: denotative, connotative, and myth. This study uses qualitative methods to examine the substance of the meaning of the phenomenon. Researcher used books, theses, journals, and visual images taken from the BTS Blood, Sweat, and Tears music video as data sources to support analysis. The results of this study: there are 10 data where each data has one to four scenes. From the 10 data, there are types of gestures which include 6 data belonging to the illustrator gesture type, 2 data including the embellishment gesture type, and 2 data belonging to the illustrator gesture type. Of all the semiotics presented, the meaning of this music video is the story of resistance, denial, and eventually acceptance. Once cannot stand in the museum of their life forever and look longingly at the mementos of the past. The world is a place of complex relationships between light and dark, good and evil, virtuosity and sin. As we all cross the threshold of puberty we are faced with the choices that shape our lives. No one person is immune to the temptations of such a life and seeing it, understanding it for what it is, and making those choices is all we can do. No one remains untouched by the darkness.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Quantum Teaching model on the fairy tale writing skills of class III students at SDN Kecil Topae, Enrekang Regency. This research is pre-experimental researchin the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest research. The population of this research is class III students at SDN Kecil To’pae in Enrekang Regency which consists of one class, namely 9 students. The research instrument used was a fairy tale writing test. The data obtained was then analyzed using descriptive statistical data analysis and inferential statistical data analysis. The result of this research show that the pretest result show that the average student learning score is 58,3 with categories, very high 0%, high 33,33%, medium 33,33%, low 33,33% and very low 0%. And the average score for posttest learning outcomes after using Quantum Teaching is 84,44 with categories very high 66,66%, high 33,33%, medium 0%, low 0%, very low 0%. These variations show that there is a significant influence of using the effectiveness Quantum Teaching learning model on fairy tale writing skills. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the Quantum Teaching learning model is effectively used in learning to write fairy tales in class III students at SDN Kecil To’pae, Enrekang Regency.

Permasalahan yang terjadi di Desa Gunungsari yaitu kurangnya sarana infrastruktur seperti plang jalan dan cermin cembung. Hal ini sangat berguna apalagi terdapat banyak jalan-jalan kecil dan gang yang berada di desa sehingga mempersulit pengguna jalan yang melalui jalan desa. Dengan adanya permasalahan yang ditemui sehingga perlu upaya peningkatan sarana infrastruktur yang memadai. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dimulai dengan mengadakan survei lokasi titik dimana akan diberikannya nama-nama plang jalan dan cermin cembung. Adapun jumlah plang nama jalan yang dibuat sebanyak 6 buah dan 2 buah cermin cembung. Kegiatan ini sangat disambut positif oleh warga desa mulai dari proses persiapan hingga dengan pelaksanaan pemasangan. Dengan adanya pemasangan nama jalan dan cermin cembung di desa menjadi startegi penting dalam peningkatan insfrastruktur jalan, mulai dari memperjelas navigasi dan meningkatkan keselamatan pengguna jalan pada akhirnya juga membuka akses yang lebih luas terhadap poteensi pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial di desa.

This research was conducted as a response to students' low interest in learning in English subjects at Al Amin Islamic Middle School, North Cikarang, Bekasi Regency. Several factors that cause this low interest include the lack of attractiveness of the material, monotonous teaching methods, and the lack of connection between English language material and students' daily lives. The impact is a decrease in students' interest in these subjects, which can affect their interest in learning. In an effort to increase students' interest in learning, the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model is used, where the teacher gives students ample opportunities to determine problem topics that are relevant to the learning material, even though the teacher has prepared the material that will be discussed in the lesson. The learning process is focused on students' abilities to solve problems systematically and logistically. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Through observation, interviews and documentation, the research results show that the application of the PBL learning model at Al Amin Islamic Middle School, North Cikarang, Bekasi Regency can increase students' interest in learning. English teachers who use the PBL model get good responses from students, where students are active in the teaching and learning process, ask questions actively, and are able to answer questions well and appropriately during discussions. The PBL learning model also encourages students to be more diligent in doing their assignments and provides high motivation to learn. Students find it easier to solve problems and are able to apply the knowledge they have.

The purpose of this research is to determine the profile of Pancasila students, the sub-element of self-discipline in Scout extracurriculars for grade 4 students. This research used descriptive qualitative methods. The subjects used were grade 4 students. The sampling used non-probability sampling. The research sample was 3 students, with the consideration that the students’ scout grades were good and sufficient. Data collection using observation sheets, interviews and documentation. The results of the research showed that Students had a self-disciplined attitude in the process of Scout extracurricular activities, Students were able to organize themselves independently regarding the data before the Scout activity started, Students wore scout uniforms carrying sticks, ropes according to the needs of the learning process, students were able to organize themselves to be orderly when scouting activities take place, Students also carry out activities or tasks that have been agreed upon independently,  Students are able to pray according to the agreed habits, follow instructions from their senior mentor, carry out the tasks given independently to their part during the task of making scouts in groups. For students in the sufficient category, the appear in all activities except for the practice of making a stretcher which is still needed.

This qualitative study examines the acquisition and understanding of syntax in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the undergraduate level. The research explores students' perceptions of syntax, classroom instruction methods, challenges encountered, and the role of context and practice in developing syntax understanding. Data collection methods include classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students enrolled in EFL programs. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns and themes in the data, providing insights into the complexities of syntax acquisition in EFL contexts. The findings reveal diverse perceptions of syntax among students, highlighting the need for tailored instructional approaches. Classroom observations demonstrate the use of various teaching methods and materials, emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach to syntax instruction. Students report challenges in acquiring syntax, such as understanding complex structures and applying grammar rules accurately, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and support. The study also emphasizes the role of context and practice in developing syntax understanding, with students valuing real-life examples and interactive activities. Based on the findings, the study suggests several implications for EFL instruction, including the need for diverse instructional strategies, an integrated skills approach, the use of authentic materials and contexts, and individualized support. Future research directions are proposed, including longitudinal studies, comparative analyses, investigations into the effectiveness of instructional strategies, and the exploration of technology-enhanced learning. By addressing these research gaps, scholars can contribute to the development of evidence-based practices that support EFL learners in mastering syntax and achieving proficiency in English.    

The problem in this research is: How do reading comprehension skills improve in concluding the contents of children's stories through developing reading book handouts for class V UPT SPF SD Inpres Bontomanai Makassar City students? The objectives of this research are; to determine the increase in learning outcomes in reading comprehension skills in concluding the content of children's stories through the development of reading book handouts for class V UPT SPF SD Inpres Bontomanai Makassar City students. The type of research used in this research is Classroom Action Research which consists of two cycles where each cycle is carried out in two meetings. The research subjects were teachers and students of class V UPT SPF SD Inpres Bontomanai, Makassar City, totaling 32 students consisting of 17 male students and 15 female students. The use of handout media can improve reading skills and understanding of the contents of children's stories in reading books for class V UPT SPF SD Inpres Bontomanai Makassar City. This can be seen from the results of the analysis of teacher activity observations in cycle I, namely 79.16% and increased in cycle II to 95.83%. Student activity also increased from 78% in cycle I to 95% in cycle II. Meanwhile, the results of the mastery test results in student learning outcomes in reading comprehension skills in cycle I were 37.5%, increasing to 87.5% in cycle II. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of handout media can improve reading skills, understanding the contents of children's stories, reading books for class V UPT SPF SD Inpres Bontomanai, Makassar City.

The handling of plastic waste in Indonesia, especially in Central Java, poses a serious issue. Bank Sampah Banjarnegara (BSB) in Kasilib Village, Wanadadi, Banjarnegara, stands as a successful example in addressing this problem. The motivation from the increasing plastic waste prompted BSB to seek innovative solutions. Through the Fastpol 5.0 technology, BSB successfully converted plastic waste into high-efficiency fuel oil. Fastpol 5.0, a fifth-generation pyrolysis machine, can transform plastic waste through the fast pyrolysis and catalytic cracking processes. The machine excels in efficiency, the ability to produce various types of fuel, and plasma technology to clean combustion residues. This innovation is acknowledged through the nomination for the 2023 Innovative Government Award (IGA). BSB not only prioritizes economic aspects but also considers the environmental and public health impacts. Collaboration with waste collectors is a holistic approach to managing plastic waste. In addition to Fastpol 5.0, BSB has also developed a practical kerosene stove in the hope of providing economic and environmental solutions. The success of BSB demonstrates that technology-based solutions can be a positive step in handling plastic waste. It is recommended for these solutions to be adopted by other regions while increasing public awareness of waste separation. Environmental sustainability can be achieved through technological innovations that are not only effective but also have positive economic and social impacts.

This article discusses a case study of bullying behavior in elementary schools. Bullying can have a negative impact on victims, and this research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to describe this phenomenon. Research methods include observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Research results show that bullying can occur in various forms, including verbal, physical and nonverbal. Many students in elementary school experience or witness incidents of bullying, which can cause serious psychological impacts. Factors such as students' socio-economic background also influence the high number of bullying cases in schools. Bullying behavior can have a negative impact on the social aspects of students in elementary schools. Efforts to prevent and handle bullying in elementary schools need to involve collaboration between schools and parents. Most of the references used in research are primary literature and are up to date.   r.

The aim of this research is "Describe how trusting is students themselves through the scouting method 'Interesting and challenging activities' on Scout extracurricular node material in class II UPTD SDN Gili Timur 2 Bangkalan”. This research is a qualitative research. The type of research is field study. The population used is alert students. Samples used 1 male standby student and 1 female standby student. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation and interviews. Data validity techniques using Triangulation. The triangulation used is technical triangulation and triangulation source. Triangulation techniques for conducting observations, interviews and documentation. Triangulation of sources using student sources, scout leaders and teachers. Results From data analysis, it states that the attitude of self-confidence that emerges is self-confidence, assertiveness, responsibility and positive thinking.

This research aims to increase interest in reading by using pop up book media in class II students at SD Negeri Malaka. This research is collaborative classroom action research. The subjects of this research were class II students at SD Negeri Malaka for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 20 students. The research design used is the Kemmis and Mc model. Taggart. The data collection techniques used in this research are: 1) scale, 2) observation, and 3) documentation. Data analysis techniques use quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that class II students' interest in reading at SD Negeri Malaka can be increased by using pop up book media through the steps of observing pop up book media, listening to and reading poetry, asking and answering questions and directing attention to learning. In pre-action, the percentage of students who had a minimum interest in reading had reached a good predicate of 0%. In the first cycle, the percentage increase in the number of students who had a minimum interest in reading reached a good predicate of 45%. In cycle II, the percentage increase in the number of students who had a minimum interest in reading reached a good predicate of 85%.

The quality of learning at SMAN 1 Parakansalak shows a less effective condition, indicated by the low ability of teachers to plan, implement, evaluate, assess learning and follow up on assessment results. The aim of this research is to determine the role of academic supervision in improving pedagogical competence and teacher performance at SMA Negeri 1 Parakansalak Sukabumi Regency. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, data collection is carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the role of academic supervision partially has a positive and significant influence on increasing pedagogical competence and teacher performance at SMAN 1 Parakansalak, Sukabumi Regency.

This research raises the issue of the lack of facilities for learning media, the lack of student interaction in the learning process, and the disruption caused by students who often go in and out of class. These inadequacies can hinder the learning process and affect the teacher's creativity in managing learning. The purpose of this research is to find out how to create and maintain a maximum Islamic religious education learning atmosphere at SMPN 29 Sijunjung. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a focus on teacher creativity in managing Islamic learning. Data were collected through observation and interviews, then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the creativity of teachers in managing Islamic learning has been done well, but has not reached the maximum level because there are still some things that need to be improved. Factors that influence creating a maximum learning atmosphere include forgetting to convey learning objectives, interference in managing time and learning activities, lack of student involvement in learning, and limited learning media. To improve the effectiveness of learning, there needs to be more attention in managing learning in order to create an optimal learning atmosphere for students in understanding Islamic religious education.

This research is motivated by the results of research on November 24, 2021 at SD N 34 VII Koto Sungai Sarik. The researcher observed that students' bad character greatly affected students' learning outcomes. The problems identified include absenteeism, lack of attention in lessons, noisy behavior in class, and lack of motivation to do assignments. This study aims to determine the effect of character education on the learning outcomes of fifth grade Islamic religious education at SD N 34 VII Koto Sungai Sarik. The type of research used is quantitative with a correlational approach. The population is all fifth grade students (120 people), with a sample of 30 people selected using random sampling technique. The results of the analysis showed a significant influence between student character and Islamic religious education learning outcomes. The coefficient of determination shows that 50.2681% of student learning outcomes are influenced by student character, while the rest is influenced by other factors. This finding confirms that student character has an important role in learning outcomes, especially in Islamic religious education subjects at SD N 34 VII Koto Sungai Sarik.