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Global economic developments show the acceleration of the adoption of circular business models, where resource efficiency and waste reduction are the main focuses to answer sustainability demands and SDGs targets. Although this trend is strengthening globally, MSMEs, especially those based on family businesses, are still lagging behind in their implementation, even though digitalization is increasingly opening up opportunities for operational optimization and innovation. The urgency of this research arises from the need to understand how the digital mindset and transformation of family business management can accelerate the readiness of MSMEs in implementing circular business practices. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the three strategic concepts into a single analytical framework through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a perspective that has rarely been combined in previous studies. With the SLR method based on the PRISMA protocol, this study shows that MSMEs already have a strong foundation in the digital mindset, including technology readiness, innovation orientation, and adaptation of digital business models. Family business values have also been proven to support business continuity through knowledge transfer and long-term investment. However, the implementation of circular business practices is still weak, especially in resource cycle management, sustainable product design, and environmental impact measurement. The implication is that the synergy of digital mindset and family business governance can strengthen the transition of MSMEs to a circular economy that directly supports the achievement of the SDGs, especially in the areas of sustainable consumption-production and industrial innovation.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO), as one of the key organizations contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions in the maritime sector, offers several options that maritime industry stakeholders can utilize to measure carbon emissions, one of which is calculating the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI). The statistical x-bar control chart, employed as a monitoring instrument for the EEOI quality parameter, indicates that one container ship trip recorded an EEOI value of 0.00104, which exceeded the upper control limit of 0.00098. The results of process capability analysis on the initial dataset sample revealed that the value of Cp < 1, indicating that energy efficiency performance was not satisfactory. Process control was subsequently applied by eliminating anomalous data, which demonstrated a potential reduction in fuel consumption and EEOI by approximately 25%, as reflected in the improvement of the Cp value. The potential for enhancing the ship’s operational capability, however, still requires further control measures to improve energy efficiency performance. The reduction in fuel consumption directly contributes to lower emission levels, thereby supporting the realization of a sustainable shipping industry.

This study aims to analyze and compare rice inventory valuation using the FIFO, FEFO, and Average methods in determining the cost of goods sold (COGS) at UD. Rahayu Indah. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a perpetual inventory recording system. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation from January to December 2024. The results show that each method produces different COGS values: the FIFO method produces the lowest COGS, followed by FEFO, while the Average method produces the highest COGS. This difference is influenced by cost allocation based on the order of goods in and out and price fluctuations during the production period. These findings indicate that the FIFO method is the most effective method to be applied at UD. Rahayu Indah because it reflects the logical physical flow of goods, supports cost efficiency, and increases the company's gross profit. In addition, this method is also in line with the company's operational characteristics, which have stable purchasing patterns and are in accordance with the principles of PSAK No. 14 on inventory. The results of this study are expected to assist UD. Rahayu Indah's management in determining an inventory valuation strategy that is efficient, accurate, and supports business sustainability.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in the economy of Ketapang Regency but still face challenges in financial recording and management. Many MSME actors have not yet utilized digital technology optimally, leading to manual bookkeeping processes that are prone to errors. This study aims to develop a web-based financial bookkeeping application using the User-Centered Design (UCD) approach, focusing on user needs. The UCD method was applied through four stages: understanding the context of use, specifying user requirements, designing solutions, and evaluating the results. The developed application includes key features such as product management, supplier management, sales recording, receipt printing, and financial reporting. Based on usability testing involving 25 respondents, the application achieved an average satisfaction level of over 85% across aspects of learnability, efficiency, memorability, error handling, and satisfaction. The findings indicate that the application effectively supports MSME actors in recording financial transactions more efficiently, accurately, and reliably. Future improvements may include the integration of digital payment systems, enhanced data security, and interactive graphical financial analysis features.

Food-based micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in supporting household economic growth, including in Sialang Village, Bangkinang Subdistrict. One of the local businesses, “Keripik Cabe dan Mie Kuning Bu Inun,” produces cassava chips using traditional frying methods, which result in high oil absorption, inconsistent quality, short shelf life, and low production efficiency. Limited knowledge of food processing technology, sanitation, and food safety standards further hinders business development. This community service program aims to address these challenges through the application of low-oil frying technology, training on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), production assistance, and periodic evaluation. The implementation method includes field observation, technical training, technology demonstration, production mentoring, and monitoring. The results show significant improvements in product quality, indicated by lower oil content, crispier texture, brighter color, and longer shelf life. Efficiency in oil usage and process stability also increased. Moreover, the knowledge and skills of MSME actors in sanitation, food safety, and production management improved considerably. Overall, the program successfully enhanced the competitiveness of the MSME, strengthened production sustainability, and provided positive economic impacts. This initiative can serve as a replicable model for other food MSMEs facing similar challenges.

The manual submission of employee complaints often leads to slow handling, disorganized documentation, and limited transparency regarding complaint progress. These issues hinder internal communication and reduce the effectiveness of administrative processes. This study aims to design and implement a Web-Based Employee Complaint Submission System using PHP and the Bootstrap framework to improve efficiency and accuracy in managing complaints. The system supports three main categories of complaints: payroll, occupational safety and health, and work facilities. It also enables employees to track complaint status through request, approved, and rejected indicators. Administrators can manage user accounts and generate official follow-up letters. Implementation results show that the system improves data recording, enhances documentation order, and increases transparency in complaint handling. Overall, the system facilitates more structured, efficient, and traceable communication between employees and management, supporting better corporate governance.

This study aims to develop and implement a web-based Library Information System as a means to enhance literacy within the Kampoeng Baca Pelangi (KBP) Community. The system is designed to simplify library data management processes that were previously performed manually, including book cataloging, member registration, borrowing, returning, and the generation of operational reports. The development process follows the Waterfall method, starting from requirement analysis, system design, implementation, up to system testing. The results indicate that the system successfully meets the primary needs of the library administrators, based on feasibility testing involving internal KBP respondents. Evaluation through a Likert-scale questionnaire produced a score of 94%, indicating that the system falls into the “Highly Feasible” category for use. Features such as book data management, borrowing/return transaction processing, collection search, and report generation are proven to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of library operations.

Cooperatives need to strengthen their digital marketing capabilities to remain relevant and competitive in the digital era. This community service program was designed to enhance the digital literacy of cooperative managers and administrators in Semarang Regency by introducing essential knowledge and practical skills in social media management, content creation, and simple digital automation. The activity was conducted in Semarang Regency with a total of 32 participants representing various cooperatives. The training lasted for one full day and combined short lectures, guided demonstrations, hands-on practice, and consultation sessions. Pre-test and post-test assessments were used to measure learning improvement, while observation and participant feedback were employed to evaluate practical application. The results show a significant increase in participants’ understanding of digital marketing tools, with post-test scores rising by an average of 38% compared to the pre-test. Participants were also able to create basic promotional content using platforms such as Facebook and Canva, and several cooperatives began implementing these tools shortly after the training. The activity demonstrates that targeted digital marketing training can effectively support cooperatives in expanding their market reach, improving promotional efficiency, and strengthening member empowerment. Future programs are recommended to include advanced modules on data analytics and e-commerce integration to ensure sustainable digital transformation.

PAMTIRTA Tempino is an institution that provides clean water services in the Tempino area. The process of recording water use and monitoring water turbidity is still done manually, making it prone to recording errors and making it difficult to monitor the water quality distributed to the community. This study aims to design a website-based water turbidity recording and monitoring system by focusing on User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) aspects using the Design Thinking method. The research follows five stages of Design Thinking: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. Data collection involves observation and in-depth interviews with PAMTIRTA officers. The results include a design with key features such as digital water meter recording, turbidity monitoring dashboards, and complaint services. The prototype was tested using Maze and the System Usability Scale (SUS), achieving a score of 80.1 and falling into the "Good" category (grade B). These results demonstrate that the UI/UX design effectively provides an easy-to-understand, operationally suitable, and efficient solution for PAMTIRTA Tempino's water recording and turbidity monitoring needs. This design offers a ready-to-implement solution to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and quality of clean water services in the Tempino area.  

The advancement of information technology has had a significant impact across various sectors, including healthcare. The digitalization of healthcare services has become a solution to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and accessibility for the public. Puskesmas Selindung still uses a manual patient registration system, which leads to several issues such as long queues, extended waiting times, and the risk of lost or damaged patient records. Based on visit data, the number of patients coming to Puskesmas Selindung has increased each year. Therefore, a digital queue system is needed to optimize the patient registration process. This research aims to analyze and design an Android-based patient registration queue application to improve service efficiency at Puskesmas Selindung. The research methods include system requirements analysis, user interface design, and the development of core features to support the online patient registration process. The implementation of this application is expected to reduce long queues, speed up administrative processes, and make it easier for patients to access healthcare services more effectively and accurately. With this Android-based system, the quality of healthcare services at Puskesmas Selindung is expected to improve significantly.

The main problem with the water heating system on offshore platforms is the absence of water level monitoring and automatic overflow detection. This has the potential to cause hot water spills that endanger workplace safety and operational efficiency. This research designs and implements a water level monitoring system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller with HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors. The system is equipped with LED indicators, a buzzer alarm, and a 16x2 LCD to display water level status in real-time. Water levels are classified into three zones (low, medium, high), and overflow is detected if the water is within 3 cm of the sensor. Testing was conducted on a 5-liter simulation tank representing actual 500-liter tank conditions. Test results showed a reading accuracy of 96% and a quick system response to overflow conditions (<1 second). This system is economical, easy to develop, and highly applicable for offshore environments. In addition, this system can be integrated with IoT technology for remote monitoring.

The utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the workplace has expanded rapidly, focusing not only on improving efficiency but also on strengthening human resource capacity. This review article aims to analyze the contribution of AI in supporting the development of soft skills and the formation of adaptive professional personalities. The method employed is a literature review of academic publications related to the use of AI in developing nontechnical competencies. The findings indicate that AI has been proven to enhance efficiency and productivity through the automation of routine tasks, faster data analysis, and more precise decision-making support. However, the success of AI implementation does not lie in replacing human roles but rather in harmonizing the functions of machine intelligence with the unique abilities of humans, such as empathy, intuition, creativity, and ethical reasoning. Human–AI collaboration emerges as a key approach to ensuring that technology remains human-centered, enabling digital transformation to proceed ethically, inclusively, and sustainably. Additional findings show that AI is capable of providing personalized learning, real-time feedback, and contextual simulations that effectively train communication, collaboration, problem-solving, creativity, and critical thinking skills. Human-centered AI integration also supports the development of professional personalities that are adaptive and responsive to change.

The manual employee attendance process at the Perjuk Village government level often results in inaccurate data, delayed recapitulation, and difficulties in real-time attendance monitoring. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-based village employee attendance system to simplify the administrative process and improve the efficiency of attendance recording. The development method used is the Research and Development (R&D) model with stages including needs analysis, system design, validation, field trials, and product revisions. The system was built using an ESP32 microcontroller, an RC522 RFID module, and a Wi-Fi connection to transmit attendance data to a web-based server. Testing was conducted using the black box method to ensure all system features run according to design. The results of the black box test show that all features run according to design. The system records attendance automatically with 100% accuracy, saves data to the server database, and displays reports in the form of tables, graphs, and statistical cards. The study concludes that this IoT and RFID-based attendance system is able to improve the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of recording compared to manual methods, and is in accordance with operational needs at the Perjuk Village Office.

This study examines the relationship between market efficiency and digital financial innovation in the context of global financial transformation over the past decade, when fintech, cryptocurrency, and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) have significantly altered price formation and information dissemination mechanisms. The main issue raised is whether the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) theory remains relevant in the face of digital market dynamics characterized by high volatility, speculative behavior, and regulatory uncertainty. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of digital innovation on information efficiency, price transparency, and the stability of modern financial markets. The study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, examining 15 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 from various academic databases. The findings indicate that digital technology increases access and speed of information distribution, but does not always result in consistently efficient markets. Crypto and DeFi markets have been shown to exhibit fluctuating efficiency due to price anomalies, information asymmetry, and weak regulation. Overall, the literature synthesis confirms that market efficiency in the digital era is dynamic and influenced by the interaction between technology, investor behavior, and governance quality. This study concludes that the EMH remains relevant as a basic framework, but needs reinterpretation to suit the complex and rapidly changing characteristics of digital markets.

The rapid digital transformation occurring in the field of education, particularly through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), has created new opportunities for improving learning efficiency, personalizing instruction, and supporting educators’ workloads. However, these advancements also bring forth significant philosophical challenges, especially the potential for dehumanization within the educational process. This article examines how technology influences the fundamental human dimensions of learning and how the concept of humanization can serve as an ethical framework for designing and implementing educational technologies. AI-based digital learning environments often position learners as data objects, reducing the dialogical, empathetic, and relational aspects that are fundamental to humanistic education. Drawing on philosophical perspectives from existentialism and humanism, this study evaluates the potential threats to student autonomy, critical thinking, and character formation. Furthermore, it explores how the human–technology relationship can be ethically framed through the theory of technological mediation and Paulo Freire’s notion of liberatory education. The analysis indicates that technology can be humanized by emphasizing meaningful interaction, ensuring algorithmic transparency, and strengthening the role of teachers as mediators of values and empathy. Ultimately, the article argues that the benefits of AI in education can only be fully realized when technological development and implementation are guided by an ethical orientation that places human beings at the center. This study contributes to ongoing discussions on the role of technology in education and provides a critical perspective aimed at minimizing the risk of dehumanization in an era increasingly shaped by AI-driven digital learning.

This service activity was carried out in the Domestic Trade Sector, Central Java Provincial Industry and Trade Office with the aim of supporting the data collection process and updating the prices of basic necessities. This activity focuses on providing accurate and up-to-date price data as the basis for making price stabilization policies by local governments. The implementation of activities includes observation of the internal data collection system, daily price data input, data validation, and preparation of price development reports. In addition, the service team also coordinates with field officers and market managers to ensure the completeness of information and consistency of the data received. The technical assistance process related to the use of data collection application tools is also carried out to improve the competence of apparatus in managing information more effectively. The results of the activity show that systematic data updates are able to improve administrative efficiency, database accuracy, and support decision-making processes related to regional economic stability. Furthermore, the availability of more reliable price data allows local governments to detect potential price fluctuations early and formulate more timely and targeted intervention steps.

The livestock sector in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, has great potential but is often threatened by outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), which cause significant economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the FMD control policies implemented by the Gowa Regency Government based on William Dunn's six policy evaluation criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The study used a qualitative approach with primary data collected through in-depth interviews with key informants from the Livestock and Animal Health Division of the Gowa Regency Livestock and Plantation Service and supporting data from various literature. The findings show that the FMD control policy is effective in achieving zero cases, but efficiency is hampered by limited medical personnel (only two veterinarians) and operational budget dependence entirely on the Central Government. Vaccine adequacy is a pull sistem (demand-driven) and compensation distribution is carried out fairly. Community responsiveness increased after severe losses, and policy accuracy was considered most optimal in the implementation of biosecurity and sanitation while promoting vaccination. As a recommendation, the Gowa Government needs to recruit contract workers in the field of animal health, allocate funds for the procurement of operational vehicles and equipment to support laboratory facilities, and issue a Regent Regulation that strictly regulates the implementation of biosecurity and livestock housing patterns in high-risk areas.

PT Mandiri Banana Indonesia still requires further development and arrangement of its layout and facilities to enhance the efficient and optimal use of land. This study aims to determine whether the existing layout at PT Mandiri Banana Indonesia is effective in supporting operational flow and the uninterrupted progression of the production process. The research adopts a quantitative descriptive approach, which is used to measure the correlation between activities through the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) and Total Closeness Rating (TCR) methods. These methods enable the analysis to be presented in a measurable and objective manner as a basis for improving the facility layout. This study proposes a new layout design for the main production area and supporting facilities. The proposed layout is based on the results of ARC and TCR analyses, which indicate several critical spatial interrelationships among the facilities. Based on the findings and discussion regarding the application of the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) and Total Closeness Rating (TCR) in designing the facility layout at PT Mandiri Banana Indonesia, it may be inferred that layout improvement exerts a significant impact on enhancing workflow efficiency and the overall work environment. The proposed alternative layout is expected to achieve a safer, more hygienic, and more productive spatial arrangement by establishing a clear separation between the production zone, administrative zone, and supporting areas.

Digital information literacy and digital informal learning are especially fundamental in improving the efficiency of teachers instruction within a context of limited resources such as Islamic secondary schools of Southern Pakistan. This paper examines how digital competencies (ex: information literacy, technology use, and communication) and digital informal learning (e.g.: self-directed learning thru online platforms) make teachers able to deliver engaging lessons, manage classrooms, and encourage student-centered learning. Although interest in digital education is increasing, little research has considered such aspects in rural to Islamic schools. In a quantitative research, 450 teachers of Islam secondary schools and Southern Punjab comprised the purposive sample in which the structured questionnaires were administered and assessed using SPSS v 22, descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple linear regression. Results have shown that increased digital capabilities lead to a strong increase in instructional effectiveness, whereas digital informal learning brings cultural awareness and invention of new practices in teaching. A combination of these factors enhances the delivery of the lesson, student participation, and classroom management. The research suggests considering digital competency training and informal learning materials as part of teacher development companies in order to improve educational performance in the under-resourced Islamic schools.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of procurement of goods and services through e-Catalog version 6 in Balongbendo District after the enactment of policy changes from the previous version (V5). In addition, this study also identifies impacts, obstacles, and strategies to increase system effectiveness. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a document study approach based on the Electronic Procurement of Goods/Services Implementation Report for the third quarter of 2025 as a secondary data source. The results of this study show that the implementation of the V6 e-Catalog has been relatively effective with a completion rate of 87.18% of a total of 39 procurement packages. However, obstacles were found in the form of human error (75%) and system bugs (25%) that caused some packages to be unable to be processed. The transition from version 5 to version 6 brings a positive impact in terms of increased transparency and efficiency, but it also poses new challenges in adapting to the latest version. This study confirms that the success of digital transformation of public procurement does not only depend on technological aspects, but also on human readiness and adaptive institutional governance.