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This study analyzes the role of i'rab in translating mubtada’-khobar and fi’il-fa’il structures from Arabic into Indonesian. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis, this research examines how i'rab, as a system of final vowel changes in Arabic, influences grammatical and semantic functions in the translation process. The theoretical review focuses on the concept of i'rab according to Ibn Ajurrum and Eugene Nida's dynamic equivalence theory, which emphasizes the importance of accurately transferring meaning and grammatical structure. The literature review method involves collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing sources from classical Arabic grammar books, previous research, and modern translation theories. The data is analyzed comparatively to identify effective translation patterns in adapting Arabic syntactic structures into Indonesian. The findings indicate that a deep understanding of i'rab plays a crucial role in translation, especially since Indonesian does not have a similar system. To convey the grammatical information embedded in i'rab, translators must adjust word order, use pronouns, or adapt sentence structures. This article provides new insights into how i'rab affects Arabic-Indonesian translation and its implications for improving translation skills.

Attachment is a form of mutually beneficial emotional relationship between mother and baby. There is poor attachment caused by inappropriate parenting patterns from parents. Good parenting patterns can stimulate spiritual, intellectual, emotional, moral, and social development, so that infant growth can run optimally. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal attachment and infant growth and development in the work area of the Cabean Village Health Center. This study is quantitative, with a descriptive analysis approach and using a cross-sectional method. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. There were 139 respondents taken using the total sampling method. The analysis used was the Gamma test. From the analysis of respondent data, it was found that there were an average of 85 male babies. The majority of mothers' ages were in the range of 26-35 years with a percentage of 56.8%, and multiparity parity reached 61.9%. Most of them had education up to junior high school level as much as 42.4%, and most worked as housewives with a percentage of 66.2%. The results of the gamma test showed that there was a relationship between maternal attachment and infant growth and development, where maternal attachment to infant growth had a p-value (BB = 0.000, PB = 0.001), while attachment to infant development showed a p-value (0.000) with (OR = 0.555 and 0.613 CI = 0.726). This means that there is a significant relationship between maternal attachment and infant growth and development in the work area of the Cabean Village Health Center (p-value <0.05).

Education is widely recognized as a crucial investment with significant economic and social benefits. This study employs a bibliometric approach to analyze trends, influential works, and research patterns related to Return on Education (RoE). Using Google Scholar as the primary data source, publication metadata were retrieved and analyzed with VOSviewer to visualize co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrences, and citation relationships. The findings indicate an increasing research focus on RoE, particularly in areas concerning economic returns, labor market alignment, and educational policy optimization. The keyword analysis highlights the importance of skill development, policy adaptation, and industry collaboration in maximizing educational returns. Additionally, citation network analysis reveals the most influential studies shaping this field. Despite its contributions, this study acknowledges limitations in data completeness due to Google Scholar’s metadata constraints. The insights derived from this analysis provide valuable guidance for policymakers, educators, and researchers in enhancing the effectiveness of educational investments.

.The process of independence in early childhood is crucial for their development, especially in Kindergarten (TK) environments. However, the phenomenon of sibling rivalry often affects this development. This study aims to examine the relationship between sibling rivalry and independence development in early childhood at TK Islam Sultan Agung 4 Semarang. This study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, and a sample was taken using total sampling techniques involving 74 respondents. Instruments were used to measure sibling rivalry and independence development. Data analysis was performed through univariate and bivariate analysis with Somers' d test. The results showed that the majority of respondents were male (42 people) and most were 5 years old. In addition, 61 respondents experienced high levels of sibling rivalry, while 44 respondents showed low levels of independence. Bivariate testing produced a ρ-Value of 0.413, indicating no significant relationship between sibling rivalry and independence development, with an r-value of -0.119 indicating a very weak relationship. These findings indicate that other factors, such as limited sampling, parental upbringing patterns, socio-economic conditions, and environmental influences, may also influence the results. Therefore, further research with a larger sample and considering external factors is recommended to obtain more comprehensive results.

This research focuses on assessing the efficacy of a method that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Decision Trees for the detection of phishing URLs. Phishing represents a major cyber threat, where cybercriminals attempt to deceive individuals into disclosing sensitive information via fraudulent websites. As the frequency of phishing attacks continues to rise, there is a pressing need for effective detection and prevention strategies. In this investigation, a dataset comprising both phishing and legitimate URLs was utilized to train a CNN-Decision Tree model. The training phase includes feature extraction from URLs using CNN, which excels at identifying intricate patterns within the data, followed by classification through Decision Trees, recognized for their capacity to deliver straightforward and comprehensible interpretations of classification outcomes. The model's performance was evaluated across nine distinct scenarios to assess its effectiveness under varying conditions. The results indicated that the hybrid CNN-Decision Tree model achieved a precision rate of 94%, a recall of 90%, and an F1-Score of 92%, with an overall accuracy of 93%. These findings suggest that the model is not only proficient in identifying phishing URLs but also maintains a commendable balance between precision and recall. This research highlights that the synergy of CNN and Decision Trees can serve as a potent solution for phishing URL detection, significantly contributing to the advancement of enhanced cybersecurity systems.

This study analyzes the psychological impact of the armed conflict in Yemen by comparing urban and rural populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 published studies (N=28,463) from 2015 to 2024. The analysis reveals a significantly higher prevalence of PTSD in the urban population (42.8%, 95% CI [39.2-46.4]) compared to the rural population (31.5%, 95% CI [28.1-34.9], p<.001). In addition, multilevel regression analysis indicates a strong correlation between the level of exposure to conflict and the severity of depressive symptoms (r=.68, p<.001) and anxiety (r=.72, p<.001) in both populations. Additionally, when examining specific urban risk factors, calculations indicate that population density (OR=1.86, 95% CI [1.54-2.18]) and loss of infrastructure (OR=1.73, 95% CI [1.45-2.01]) are significant. Moreover, geographic isolation (OR=1.92, 95% CI [1.67-2.17]) and limited access to mental health services (OR=2.14, 95% CI [1.89-2.39]) also demonstrate prominent risk factors, thereby emphasizing the predominance of specific urban risk factors in rural areas. These findings contrast with the research conducted by Le & Nguyen (2023) and Carpiniello (2023), which focused solely on general impacts; thus, the novelty of this research lies in its success in identifying distinct patterns of psychological trauma based on geographic characteristics. In addition, this study successfully reveals the differing mediating mechanisms of social support between urban (β=-.42, p<.001) and rural (β=-.28, p<.01) populations in mitigating the impacts of the Yemeni war trauma.

The study aims to determine the interaction and effect of drip irrigation on increasing the growth of pak choi plants in dry land. This study used a completely randomized design with a 3x3 pattern, so that there were 9 treatment combinations repeated 4 times so that there were 36 experimental units. The factors are the first factor, the provision of AMF consisting of three levels, namely M0: without AMF, M1: 10 grams of AMF inoculant per polybag, and M2: 30 grams of AMF inoculant per polybag. The second factor, watering arrangements consisting of three levels, namely P0: watering every morning and evening, P1: watering once every 2 days in the morning and evening, and P2: watering once every 4 days in the morning and evening. So that there are combinations of treatments are M0P0, M0P1, M0P2, M1P0, M1P1, M1P2, M2P0, M2P1 and M2P2. . The results of the study showed that the correct dosage of AMF was 30 grams per polybag in each treatment, while the routine watering time in the morning and evening was the best watering arrangement in increasing the growth and yield of pak choi plants. The combination of 30 grams of AMF with routine watering arrangements in the morning and evening with drip irrigation gave the best results for the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of plants.

This research uses a deep learning-based sentiment analysis approach with several main stages, namely data collection, preprocessing, model preparation, and model building. In addition, this research also evaluates the impact of data splitting techniques on the model's performance during the training process.The evaluation results show that the LSTM-GRU model achieved the best performance on the character aspect, with an F1-score of 0.72 in the 90:10 splitting scenario. Meanwhile, the lowest F1-score was found in the editing aspect, with a value of 0.51 in the 80:20 splitting scenario. These findings indicate that the model is more effective in recognizing sentiment in narrative aspects compared to technical aspects. Furthermore, the data splitting technique significantly influences model performance, both in determining accuracy levels and in optimizing the model's effectiveness in identifying sentiment patterns more accurately.

The Semitic language family is one of the oldest linguistic groups that has significantly influenced world civilizations, with Arabic as one of its main branches. Arabic has undergone a long historical journey from prehistoric times to the modern era, shaped by various historical, cultural, and social factors. The study of Fiqhul Lughah, or the philosophy of language, is crucial in understanding the transformation and development of Arabic in different historical contexts. This research employs a library research method, analyzing various literary sources such as books, scholarly journals, and ancient manuscripts that discuss the history and evolution of Semitic languages, particularly Arabic. The analysis is conducted using a descriptive-qualitative approach to comprehend the patterns of Arabic evolution from its ancient Semitic roots to its establishment as a major language in communication, literature, science, and religion. The findings indicate that Arabic has evolved gradually through various historical phases, from its pre-classical stage to the golden age of Islam and its modern adaptations. Understanding the history and classification of Arabic within the Semitic language family provides deeper insights into its dynamics and its significant role in shaping human civilization.

This paper's goal is to undertake a critical evaluation of Nigerian democracy's speed, practices, patterns, priorities, issues, and future. Although Nigeria is still run by democratically elected officials, after a century as a political entity, Nigeria has yet to institutionalize democracy at the federal and state levels. After more than 50 years of political independence, the study examines some of the challenges Nigeria faces in institutionalizing democracy. These include the nation's colonial past mixed with the whims of deeply ingrained ethnicity; a smug and extravagant leadership; the military's constant meddling in the democratic process; electoral fraud; widespread poverty; and a high rate of illiteracy. According to the publication, corruption is the main cause of most of the aforementioned issues and has essentially taken on a life of its own in Nigeria. However, the study argues that despite the aforementioned, there is still hope for a politically secure and democratically viable People's enthusiasm to vote, the multi-party system's relative stability and sustainability, and the widespread recognition that the only legitimate and well-liked path to gaining political power is through the voting booth are what define the nation. The historical approach of data analysis—simple descriptive collation and analysis of historical data—is used in this paper, which draws its data from primary and secondary source materials. 

Background: Adolescent development includes physical, social, emotional, cognitive and psychosocial. Adolescents are easily emotional, enjoy challenging things, act impulsively, pay little attention to personal safety so there is a risk of physical injury and falls, which can result in fractures. Fracture treatment is surgery. The impact of surgery is pain, pain management can be done by playing fidget spinner therapy. A fidget spinner is a toy that rotates between two fingers, in the shape of a propeller with a ball bearing in the middle, creating a stunning rotating pattern, unique design, attracting children and reducing pain. Objective: Fidget spinner play therapy is applied to reduce pain intensity in children aged 13-18 years. Method: The research method is a case study with 3 respondents who experienced post-operative fractures using a fidget spinner and the Wong Baker pain scale. Results: The results for respondents 1, 2 and 3 showed a decrease in pain intensity, the average pre test for respondent 1 had pain 4 and the average post test pain was 3. Respondent 2 had an average pre test pain scale of 4 and post test pain scale 2. For respondent 3, the average pre test pain scale was 5 and post test 3. Conclusion: The application of fidget spinner play therapy is effective in reducing pain in children with post-operative fractures. Suggestion: This application is expected to be used in nursing care for children with post-operative fractures on the second day.

Organizational culture is a system of values, norms and beliefs held by a group of people in an organization that differentiates it from other organizations. This definition can also be seen as a pattern of basic assumptions discovered or developed by a group of people as they interact with each other. Organizational culture can also be interpreted as the characteristics or guidelines implemented by each member of an organization or company. Micro, Small, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) are independent productive business units, carried out by individuals or business entities in all economic sectors which greatly assist the process of recovery or improvement of the Indonesian economy. Therefore, play a very important role in the rate of economic growth in Indonesia. The title of this research is "Organizational Culture Analysis of Employee Performance in the Umkm Scope of Tamansari Region, Tasikmalaya City".

This research aims to explore the role of internal communication on work effectiveness and employee performance at the Jambi Province Food Security Service. Internal communication is a key factor in increasing organizational efficiency and productivity, especially in the government context. The research approach used is qualitative with descriptive methods, aiming to understand the experiences, perceptions and dynamics of interactions between employees and management. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 3 participants consisting of structural officials and functional employees, as well as through direct observation of communication patterns in the work environment. The research results show that effective internal communication characterized by openness of information, active participation of all parties, and transparent two-way communication contributes significantly to increasing work effectiveness and employee performance. Employees who feel they have received sufficient information and are involved in decision making are more motivated and show better performance.

Eating patterns and anxiety are two interrelated aspects, especially among students. This anxiety can affect various aspects of students' lives, including their eating patterns. A healthy diet is very important for college students because it contributes to their physical and mental health. However, many students have difficulty maintaining a balanced diet. Several factors that influence students' eating patterns include limited time, irregular eating habits. On the other hand, high levels of anxiety among college students are often related to academic pressure, social problems, and mental health. The aim of this research is to determine the description of eating patterns and anxiety levels among students at the Faculty of Nursing, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang. This type of research is quantitative with a quantitative descriptive design, data collection carried out by this researcher using consecutive sampling, on a sample of 244 respondents. From the results of the 244 research respondents, the majority of respondents were 19 years old, 73 students (29.9%), female, 197 students (80.7%), the majority of respondents were 3rd semester students, totaling 96 students (39.3%). The results of this research show that the eating patterns of some students, 205 students (84.0%) have good eating patterns and the anxiety level of students in the moderate category is 144 students (59.0%). From these results it can be concluded that there is a picture of eating patterns and anxiety levels in students at the Faculty of Nursing, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang.

This study aims to explore the integration pattern between Science and Islam in the context of the Integrated Madrasah Science Competition (KSM) for Biology at MAN 1 Wonosobo. The research specifically seeks to: (1) identify the conceptual pattern of Science–Islam integration in Biology learning, (2) examine the implementation of this integration in the KSM preparation process, and (3) analyze the factors influencing its effectiveness. This research adopts a qualitative approach, employing field research and descriptive analysis to capture a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The findings reveal that the integration pattern in Biology learning within the KSM context is characterized as integrative–interconnective, where scientific concepts are interconnected with Islamic values and perspectives. Supervisory teachers with a strong background in pure Biology tend to be more active in developing discussion themes, conducting in-depth dialogues, and organizing studies that merge scientific and religious viewpoints. The effective implementation of this integration is supported by optimal utilization of learning resources, particularly Biology textbooks, as a source of pure scientific material enriched with Islamic insights. Such integration is further strengthened by collaborative discussions between teachers and students, fostering deeper understanding and critical thinking. Several factors contribute to the effectiveness of Biology KSM learning. These include the existence of a curriculum and learning materials that intentionally integrate Science and Islam, as well as the interdisciplinary competencies of teachers who not only master Biology content but also possess the ability to connect it with Islamic principles. Additionally, institutional support from all components of the madrasah—administrators, fellow teachers, and students—plays a crucial role in creating a structured, motivating, and inspiring guidance environment. In conclusion, the integration of Science and Islam in the Biology KSM at MAN 1 Wonosobo represents an effective educational model that promotes both scientific literacy and religious understanding, contributing to holistic student development in madrasah education.

According to (Aufa, 2016: 232) Mathematics is one of the subjects taught at every level of education, from early childhood education to higher education. Mathematics is also a science that underlies the development of science and technology, so that mathematics is seen as a structured and integrated science, the study of patterns and relationships, and the science of thinking to understand the world around us. From the explanation of Ansari and Aufa, it can be concluded that mathematics is one of the subjects taught in every education which is useful for helping to clarify and simplify abstract situations through language and mathematical ideas so that it makes it easier to understand problem solving that exists in everyday life.

The rapid penetration of mobile devices among students has created significant opportunities to optimize mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) for enhancing language acquisition in digital environments. Despite its potential, the implementation of MALL often remains suboptimal due to technical limitations, lack of pedagogical planning, and insufficient integration of interactive features, which limits its effectiveness in supporting structured learning. This study aims to examine how MALL applications influence student engagement, self-regulation, and language learning outcomes, while addressing the gap between technological affordances and instructional practices. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research integrates quantitative surveys, learning analytics, and qualitative interviews with higher education students who regularly use mobile applications for language learning. The methodology includes pre- and post-surveys to measure changes in engagement and self-regulation, log data to track usage patterns, and interviews to capture students’ perceptions and experiences. The findings reveal that MALL significantly enhances engagement through increased active participation, higher attendance, longer study duration, and more frequent interaction with materials. At the same time, MALL improves self-regulation by strengthening skills in time management, goal setting, monitoring progress, and maintaining persistence, leading to greater learner autonomy. Moreover, students with stronger self-regulation capacities were found to utilize MALL features more effectively, resulting in measurable improvements in vocabulary, grammar, and communicative competence. The study concludes that MALL’s effectiveness lies not only in delivering learning content but also in fostering engagement and supporting self-regulated learning. These results highlight the need for pedagogical designs that integrate technological interactivity with scaffolding strategies to maximize the potential of MALL as a learner-centered and sustainable approach to language learning in the digital era.  

World Health Organization (WHO) hypertension is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Changes in dietary patterns have occurred almost all over the world, both in developed and developing countries. Based on a preliminary study conducted at Posbindu Semanan 1 Jakarta on August 4, 2024, researchers interviewed elderly people with hypertension, elderly people still consume a lot of foods containing excess sodium (salt), salted fish, smoking, consuming caffeine, stress, and staying up late. All of these factors cause some respondents to experience hypertension. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional analytical survey design. The population is the elderly living in RW.006, Semanan Village, in the working area of ​​UPT Puskesmas Semanan 1. The sampling technique for this study was nonprobability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The results showed that the majority of elderly people aged <60 were 21 (52.5%), the majority of elderly people were female as many as 27 (67.5%), and the majority of elderly people had elementary school education as many as 23 (57.5%). The results of the identification of the majority of elderly people with good knowledge were 23 (57.5%), the majority of elderly people experienced hypertension as many as 27 (67.5%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed a relationship between elderly knowledge about the food consumed and the incidence of hypertension, the majority of elderly people with poor knowledge were 15 (88.2). The relationship between elderly knowledge about the food consumed and the incidence of hypertension p-value 0.039 <0.05. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between knowledge and the behavior of food consumed and the incidence of hypertension.

 Election integrity is a key element in ensuring democratic legitimacy, yet election fraud remains a significant threat to this process. This research aims to evaluate the use of Bayesian statistics in detecting anomalies in vote distributions that may indicate potential election fraud. In the context of elections, whose reliability is often questioned, statistical analysis becomes crucial to ensure transparency and credibility in election results. This study uses national election data collected from various polling stations (TPS), focusing on vote distribution per candidate in each TPS. A Bayesian probabilistic model is applied to analyze the observed vote distribution compared to the expected distribution. By using Bayesian inference, researchers can update the probability distribution based on the obtained data, allowing for more accurate anomaly identification. The analysis results show significant deviations in several TPS, where the observed vote distribution exhibits patterns inconsistent with the expected distribution. These anomalies are suspicious as they may indicate manipulation or errors in the vote counting process. The implications of this research suggest that the Bayesian method can be used to improve election transparency and provide a more reliable tool for detecting fraud. The future application of this technique can help increase public trust in election results and support the integrity of the democratic process. This study also recommends further development of the analytical model to expand the scope of anomaly detection and enhance fraud detection accuracy in larger and more complex elections.

Gadgets play a very important and helpful role in technology and communication. The progress in the use of gadgets is not only used by adults, one of which is elementary school age children. Gadgets themselves have positive and negative impacts, therefore parents need a parenting style to control and educate every child's activities. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between parenting styles and gadget addiction in elementary school-aged children. This type of research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was 192 respondents. The sample size was 130 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then taken using simple random sampling technique. The instrument uses the PSDQ and smartphone addiction test. The independent variable is parenting style and the dependent variable is gadget addiction. Data were analyzed using the gamma correlation test. The research results obtained from the gamma test analysis with a significance value of α = 0.05 obtained a p value (value) = 0.031 <0.05, which means there is a relationship between parental parenting patterns and gadget addiction in elementary school age children. The conclusion is that parental parenting styles have a significant relationship to gadget addiction in elementary school-aged children.