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This study aims to develop ROPUCA (Roda Putar dan Papan Baca) learning media in teaching vowels and consonants. This media is designed to create an interactive and enjoyable learning experience in building early reading skills. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The validation results show a percentage of 100% from material experts, 81% from media experts, and 100% from field practitioners. Individual trials obtained results of 92%, small group trials 100%, and field trials reached 91%. The data obtained show that ROPUCA media contributes to helping students recognize consonants and vowels and understand the basics of reading more effectively. This media is used in learning for grade I elementary school students.

Human resource development through Learning and Development (L&D) is a major challenge in improving employee performance in the service sector that is highly dependent on service quality. However, the mechanism of L&D's influence on HR performance involving employee engagement as a mediating variable is still not comprehensively understood. This study aims to analyze the influence of L&D on HR performance with employee engagement as a mediator in service companies in Jakarta. The method used is a quantitative survey with data collection through questionnaires to 120 employees, and data analysis using AMOS-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study indicate that L&D has a direct positive effect on HR performance and indirectly through increasing employee engagement, which acts as a significant mediator. This finding strengthens the theory of social learning and employee engagement and emphasizes the importance of integrating psychological aspects in employee development. The practical implication is that service sector management needs to design L&D programs that not only improve technical competence but also motivate employee engagement to maximize organizational performance. This study provides a relevant empirical contribution to the development of HR management theory and practice in the service sector.

This study aims to develop learning media based on wall magazine (mading) and dice for teaching multiplication to second-grade students at SD Negeri 212 Palembang. The research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. After the media was developed, validation was conducted by content experts and media experts to assess its feasibility, as well as trials by practitioners and students to evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of the media. The validation results showed a feasibility score of 87% from content experts and 94% from media experts. Practitioners gave a practicality score of 92%, indicating that the media is very practical for use in teaching. Student trials were carried out in three stages: one-to-one with a practicality score of 98%, small group with 99%, and a field test involving 26 students showed an effectiveness level of 96%. This wall magazine and dice media is effective and practical to be used as learning media for teaching multiplication to second-grade elementary school students.

This study aims to improve students' understanding and skills in the makeup and costume of the Gambyong Pareanom dance through the application of the modelling method assisted by audio-visual media. The research subjects were 35 students of class X SP 5 at SMK Negeri 8 Surakarta for the 2024/2025 academic year. The research was conducted in three cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The learning method involved the use of videos, live demonstrations, group discussions, and independent practice. The results showed significant improvement in each cycle. In the pre-action stage, only 40% of students felt helped by the method and 68% lacked self-confidence. In Cycle I, 55% felt helped and 60% began to show better understanding. In Cycle II, with more interactive media, 72% of students felt helped and 68% reached the minimum passing grade (KKM). In Cycle III, 88% of students found the method very effective, 85% achieved the KKM, and 83% showed improved confidence. These findings prove that the modelling method using audio-visual media is effective in enhancing conceptual understanding, technical skills, and student confidence. The study recommends broader application of this method in vocational school skill-based learning to create a more engaging, contextual, and relevant learning experience aligned with workforce demands and cultural preservation.

As the primary raw material for sugar and ethanol production, sugarcane is a highly significant plantation commodity. However, its relatively long growing period of approximately one year makes it more susceptible to diseases. Machine learning technology has been applied in the identification of sugarcane leaves, including through pre-processing methods and the development of disease classification models using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) approaches. However, these methods exhibit limitations in terms of accuracy. Therefore, improving identification accuracy using VGG-16 is essential. The objective of this study is to enhance the accuracy of sugarcane leaf disease identification by utilizing VGG-16. The dataset consists of  2,521 sugarcane leaf images categorized into five classes. The results of this study indicate an accuracy improvement from 97.78% to 99.14%, reflecting an increase of 1.36%

Instilling moral values in elementary school students presents its own challenges in the era of globalization, especially with the emergence of Generation Z, who have distinctive characteristics. This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by teachers in teaching moral education at the elementary level. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied by reviewing relevant literature sources. The findings reveal that teachers play a crucial role as role models and mentors in embedding Pancasila values through active learning, integrating moral values into the curriculum, and utilizing contextual learning media such as folklore rooted in local wisdom. Challenges encountered include environmental influences, limited resources, and students’ low awareness of the importance of morals. This study highlights the need for collaboration among schools, families, and communities, as well as continuous teacher competency development, to foster students with noble character, ethics, and readiness to contribute positively to the nation.

Facial recognition, a branch of image processing, is widely used in attendance systems to improve efficiency and security. This study develops an employee attendance monitoring system that integrates facial recognition using the Eigenface algorithm in OpenCV. The system records each individual's facial data alongside a password, enabling automated attendance tracking. Testing results indicate that with a database of 10 facial entries, the system achieved 100% accuracy in recognizing individuals. However, as the database expanded beyond 10 entries, accuracy declined to 80%, influenced by factors such as lighting variations, differences in facial structures, and increased data volume. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, with expert validation yielding a score of 3.4, categorizing the system as "Highly Valid." User testing with 11 participants resulted in an overall score of 36, classifying the system as "Very Good (Valid)." The findings highlight the potential of facial recognition in improving attendance management while minimizing fraudulent entries. Future research should focus on optimizing recognition accuracy in larger databases through refined preprocessing techniques, image quality adjustments, and deep learning models.

Critical thinking skills are an important competency in learning biology, especially in biodiversity materials that require analysis, reasoning, and decision-making. This study aims to determine the influence of the Guided Discovery Learning learning model  on the critical thinking ability of grade X students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. The method used was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of two classes, namely the control class that was taught using the conventional model and the experimental class that received treatment with the Guided Discovery Learning model. Data were collected through pretest and posttest written tests, and analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students in the experimental class and the control class. The average posttest score of the experimental class was 81 higher than the control class of 63.5. In addition, the Tcal value of 4.65 is greater than the Ttable of 2.02 at a significance level of 0.05, which shows that  the Guided Discovery Learning model  has a positive influence on improving students' critical thinking skills. This result is also strengthened by a decrease in standard deviation which shows an equal distribution of understanding between students. This research contributes to the development of active learning strategies in biology education and suggests the application of this model to improve higher-level thinking skills. This model is also relevant applied to other topics in order to strengthen discovery-based learning and collaboration.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ problem-solving abilities in the reaction rate material at SMA Negeri 07 Gorontalo. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects consisted of two classes: class XI1 as the experimental group (using the PBL model) and class XI2 as the control group (using conventional learning). The instrument used was an essay test based on problem-solving indicators. The results showed a significant improvement in problem-solving ability in the experimental class compared to the control class. The average posttest score of the experimental class was 74 (categorized as good), while the control class scored 52 (categorized as fair). The t-test results indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that the PBL model is more effective in enhancing students' problem-solving abilities than conventional learning methods.  

This study aims to obtain the validity of E-LAPD using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model that can be used to improve science literacy on chemical equilibrium material. The design used is a 4-D model designed to improve students' science literacy skills. The valid E-LAPD was evaluated through a validation sheet filled in by the validator using a Likert scale. Validity consists of construct validity which includes presentation components, graphic components, suitability of models and indicators to be improved and content validation which includes the suitability of learning objectives with learning outcomes and the suitability of problems or phenomena with the material being taught.  The validity of E-LAPD is declared valid if the score from the validator is at least 4 and does not have one score < 3 from the validator. The results showed that the E-LAPD developed had high validity indicating that the mode score of the validator ≥ 4. The developed E-LAPD was declared valid for use with a construct and content validation assessment which was described as valid with a score of 4, thus E-LAPD using the PBL model was declared valid for use to improve science literacy in chemical equilibrium material.

This study is a literature review aimed at examining the effectiveness of the guided inquiry model based on STEM in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. The guided inquiry model provides a structured framework for students to explore problems under teacher guidance, while the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach promotes interdisciplinary, contextual, and practical learning. Through an analysis of various relevant articles and scholarly journals, the findings indicate that the implementation of the guided inquiry model integrated with STEM consistently improves students' critical thinking abilities, particularly in areas such as analysis, evaluation, and reasoning. The study also highlights the crucial role of teachers as active facilitators in the learning process and the need for adequate resources to effectively apply this approach. The results of this review are expected to serve as a reference for educators and researchers in developing innovative and 21st-century-oriented learning strategies.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Early detection is essential to reduce complications and improve patient outcomes. This study aims to develop a classification model using machine learning algorithms to predict CHD risk based on clinical symptoms. The dataset used is the Cleveland Heart Disease dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, consisting of 303 patient records with 14 clinical features. The preprocessing stage involved handling missing values, normalizing features, and transforming categorical variables. Four classification algorithms were applied: K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Each model was trained using stratified 10-fold cross-validation to ensure generalizability. Evaluation using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC metrics showed that the Random Forest algorithm achieved the highest performance with 87.2% accuracy. Feature importance analysis indicated that chest pain type, resting blood pressure, cholesterol, and ST depression were the most influential indicators. These results demonstrate that machine learning, particularly Random Forest, can effectively support early diagnosis of CHD in clinical settings and has the potential to be integrated into clinical decision support systems (CDSS).

By implementing The cooperative learning method known as think, pair, share (TPS) paradigm in the eleventh grade at MAN Karawang, this study seeks to enhance students' comprehension of halal and healthy eating. The research has been conducted in two cycles using Classroom Action Research (CAR).methodology employed. There are twenty multiple-choice questions on the test that has been used. The findings of the study indicate that pupils' comprehension has improved. Just 15% of pupils finished the pre-cycle activities, with an average score of 66. This rose to 59% with a 73 average score in the initial cycle, and all students finished the activities with a mean score of 89 in the second. The pupils are encouraged to think critically, participate actively, and have discussions when Think Pair Share (TPS), a cooperative model, is applied. As a result, this strategy has been successful in improving students' comprehension through interaction

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Poetry Album as a learning medium for teaching poetry writing to eighth-grade students in Cilacap Regency, Indonesia. Utilizing a qualitative exploratory approach, the research was conducted in three public junior high schools, involving 192 students and three Indonesian language teachers. Data were collected through participatory observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation of students' works, and were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive analysis model. The results indicate that 96-98% of students enjoyed using this media, and the average scores of students' poetry ranged from 82 to 88. These findings suggest that the Poetry Album can enhance students' motivation, emotional engagement, and poetry writing skills. Furthermore, this media has proven effective in enriching the learning process aesthetically and creatively, in line with Rosenblatt's (1995) aesthetic response theory and Vygotsky's (1978) constructivist theory. Thus, the Poetry Album is relevant for aesthetic-based literary learning in secondary schools.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a steadily increasing incidence rate. Although the overall survival rate is relatively high, the risk of recurrence after definitive treatment such as Radioactive Iodine (RAI) therapy remains a significant clinical challenge. Predicting recurrence risk is crucial for optimizing monitoring strategies and interventions. With advances in technology, machine learning (ML) approaches are increasingly utilized to support medical predictions, including the recurrence of thyroid cancer. This study aims to evaluate the performance of four classification algorithms—Logistic Regression, XGBClassifier, Random Forest Classifier, and Voting Classifier—in predicting thyroid cancer recurrence using the Thyroid Cancer Recurrence After RAI Therapy dataset, which consists of 383 patient records and 13 key clinical attributes. The evaluation was conducted using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) metrics. The results show that the XGBClassifier is the best-performing model with an accuracy of 97.4% and an AUC of 0.95, demonstrating superior performance in handling the minority class. This research is expected to contribute to the development of more effective machine learning–based clinical decision support systems for predicting thyroid cancer recurrence after therapy.

This study aims to improve the understanding of class VIII MTs students on the material of Social Media Etiquette through the Giving Questions and Getting Answers (GQGA) method. The research was conducted due to the low understanding of students in Islamic Religious Education subjects, especially about social media etiquette. The method used was Classroom Action Research (PTK) model Kemmis & McTaggart which consists of two cycles: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation and multiple choice tests. As a result, students' learning completeness increased from 50% before the action, to 70% in cycle I, and 95% in cycle II. This shows that the GQGA method is effective for improving students' comprehension.

The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of learning outcomes of class 12 IPS 1 students in PPKN subjects at SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Utara through the problem based learning model. The method used in this study is classroom action research (CAR), the subjects of the study were 35 class 12 IPS 1 students. The focus of this study is the learning outcomes of class 12 IPS 1 students in PPKn subjects with indicators of student learning success that reach KKM (minimum completion criteria) with a value of 82. The results of the study indicate that the application of the problem based learning model is effective in improving student learning outcomes in PPKn subjects. This increase can be seen from the pre-action stage, only 10 people with a percentage of 28.6% have met the minimum completion criteria (KKM), then in cycle I there were 18 people with a percentage of 51.4%, while in cycle II there were 29 people with a percentage of 82.82% of students have reached KKM. From these results, it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model is able to improve student learning outcomes, not only cognitively but also improve critical thinking skills, cooperation, and increase student self-confidence.

This study aims to develop an interactive learning media based on android using a valid and practical smart app creator to improve students' understanding of the SPBI course in the Industrial Automation Engineering Department of SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model as a guideline in the development process. The results of this study provide evidence that the interactive learning media created falls into the "Valid" category. This is proven based on validation carried out by material experts with a validity value of 87% (0.870) and validation carried out by media experts with a validity value of 92.11% (0.921). Furthermore, a Media Practicality Test was carried out by class XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman with a practicality value of 91.60% (0.961) falling into the Very Practical category.

This research aims to design an Islamic Boarding School (Ponpes) with a sustainable architecture approach that is able to answer environmental, social, and economic challenges holistically. The method used is a qualitative-descriptive approach through architectural design research, which combines empirical data from the field with theoretical studies from relevant literature. The design location is on Jl. Gunungpati Raya, Nongkosawit Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City, with an area of ±19,909.77 m². Data collection techniques include literature study, site observation, and comparative design study. Data were analyzed descriptively and spatially to formulate user needs and site potential. The design results show that the sustainable architecture approach can be implemented through functional layout, passive energy utilization, vegetation preservation, rainwater management, and waste recycling system. The design also accommodates social and economic aspects through the provision of organic farming areas and small farms as part of practice-based education. Contemporary Islamic architectural aesthetics are applied contextually, creating a healthy, inclusive, and adaptive learning environment. This research produces a sustainable pesantren design concept that can be a reference model in the development of environmentally friendly and self-reliance-based Islamic educational institutions..

This community engagement program aims to enhance the knowledge and understanding of early childhood regarding prayer practices through a series of interactive and practice-based training sessions. Targeting children aged 5–7 years in Jaddih Selatan Village, Bangkalan, the program utilized a participatory approach involving local religious leaders, parents, and university students as facilitators. The training was conducted at the village mosque, employing visual aids, demonstrations, and repeated simulations to foster both cognitive and psychomotor aspects of prayer. The results indicate a significant improvement in children's ability to perform prayer movements and recitations correctly, as well as increased enthusiasm and participation in religious activities. Moreover, the program strengthened the mosque's role as a child-friendly religious learning center and encouraged the emergence of leadership potential among the participants. This initiative is expected to serve as a sustainable model for character education and spiritual development in rural communities, and can be replicated in similar settings to empower early childhood religious education.