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Natural law is everything that exists in accordance with the rules of the universe. This law also proves that there are fundamental demands in human life that are evident in their existence as reasonable beings. Humans should not follow their irrational instincts, but rather considerations of reason and moral sense. In Indonesia, this is regulated in Law No. 5/1960 on the Basic Regulation of Agrarian Principles (UUPA). With the regulation of this Law, the Indonesian people have the legality of land ownership in this case the rights and legal protection for the land owned and used for survival. But currently there is still a lack of socialization of rural communities, especially inland, of the importance of ownership of legal land ownership certificates.

The military intervention carried out by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in the conflict in Intan Jaya Regency, Papua, has raised serious concerns regarding compliance with legal standards and human rights (HAM). The actions of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) which resulted in the deaths of three Papuans raise doubts about respect for individual rights to life and security. In conflict situations, it is important to ensure that human rights, especially the right to life, are respected and protected. For example, in Law no. 34 of 2004 which regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in peaceful conditions, allows the use of weapons only with written permission from superiors and in the context of maintaining security and requested. In the context of this case, the shooting at the Sugapa Community Health Center did not have written permission from the Indonesian National Army (TNI) superiors, which is a serious violation of law. This violation raises questions about the accountability of security forces and the need for law enforcement in cases of gun shooting by members of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) outside of emergency situations. The situation in Papua creates ongoing challenges. Armed groups in the region often threaten national security and the safety of security forces. In the face of serious threats to state sovereignty, the government, and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) may feel forced to take decisive action. However, these actions must still comply with legal and human rights standards and ensure that human rights and the right to life of individuals are fully respected. This research is normative in nature with a focus on analysis of the legal framework that regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI). Normative research methods are used to state consistency and compliance with applicable regulations. Through this approach, the research aims to provide a legal perspective on erasure actions in Papua, as well as asking whether these steps are in accordance with applicable legal and human rights principles. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a basis for recommending improvements to policies and actions that support law enforcement and human rights protection in the context of conflict in Papua

This article discusses the civil aspect in contract cases, which are used by many people in various business collaborations. This article uses a normative research method, and uses a statutory approach. The provisions limiting the authority to make this exoneration clause have not been explicitly regulated. The only provision is the UUPK, although it uses the term standard clause which turns out to be different in meaning from the exoneration clause. In this case the standard clause is defined as a clause made unilaterally by the business actor, but its contents may not lead to an exoneration clause. Meanwhile, the exoneration clause as explained earlier is a clause that contains an attempt to limit, or even completely eliminate, the responsibility that should be borne by one of the parties, in this case the business actor. Legal protection is to provide protection for human rights that are harmed by others and this protection is given to the community so that they can enjoy all the rights granted by law so that the achievement of business/economic development goals in Indonesia is achieved in accordance with the values ​​of justice of the Indonesian people.

Land ownership rights are one of the fundamental human rights. However, land ownership rights for Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners are specifically regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations. These provisions aim to maintain state sovereignty and prevent land control by foreign parties. Based on Indonesian laws and regulations, Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners can only have rights to certain land, namely use rights, rental rights for buildings, ownership rights to apartment units, and ownership rights to residential or residential houses. Ownership rights to land can only be owned by Indonesian citizens. This research aims to examine the regulation of land ownership rights for Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners in Indonesian legislation. The law regarding mixed marriages is regulated in Article 57 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. In essence, mixed marriages allow Indonesian citizens to choose the citizenship they will follow, whether the citizenship of the husband or wife, in line with the provisions of Article 26 of Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian citizens who undergo mixed marriages have the possibility to create a marriage agreement that allows the separation of property between spouses during the marriage period, while maintaining their citizenship status..    

Human rights are basic rights or citizenship that are inherent in individuals from the moment they are born by nature, which are given directly by God Almighty, whose existence cannot be taken away or revoked and must be respected, upheld and protected by the state, law, government and every person. for the sake of honor and protection of human dignity. Indonesia is a country based on law. So the Indonesian state is obliged to provide human rights protection to every citizen. Meanwhile, a legal state is a state based on legal sovereignty. The law is sovereign. The state is a legal subject, in the sense of rechtstaat. Because the state is seen as a legal subject, if it is guilty it can be prosecuted before a court for violating the law.

In Islamic inheritance law, it is a law derived from the Qur'an where the truth of the teachings or theories is absolutely true because it is a revelation from God. Islamic inheritance law in general theory is a law conveyed by Allah SWT to the Prophet Muhammad SAW to be applied and made law by mankind. In legal philosophy it is said that the law is for humans, in Islam the Islamic inheritance law is absolute because it has been regulated in it. Problems arise in its application in society, especially in terms of the rights and acquisition of the second wife, third wife and fourth wife. There is discrimination in the distribution of inheritance that violates existing rules and provisions and there is a mental attitude that does not or is reluctant to carry out and follow the provisions of Islamic inheritance law regarding the acquisition and inheritance rights of the second wife, third wife or fourth wife.

The Effect Of Use Of Lung Mask Fixation On The Accuracy Of Targeted Irradiation In Lung Cancer Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (Imrt) Technique In The Department Of Radiation Oncology, Jakarta General Hospital. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs. While normal cells in the lungs usually develop and reproduce to form healthy lung tissue, these abnormal cells actually reproduce more quickly and are never able to become normal lung tissue. As a result, lumps of cancer cells are formed, which are often referred to as tumors. (4) Radiotherapy is a form of therapy that has been proven to be useful in treating cancer. The aim of radiotherapy is to provide safe, accurate and efficient radiation doses to treat various types of cancer and also non-malignant disorders (7). Carrying out radiotherapy for lung cancer involves the use of immobilization devices, one of which is a thermoplastic mask. This mask functions to reduce the patient's body movements, including movements caused by breathing (9). Verification is a critical stage in the radiotherapy process. The purpose of this verification is to ensure that there are no significant differences in the exposure carried out (14). Giving the right dose of radiotherapy radiation is very necessary to achieve successful therapeutic treatment. The accuracy of dosing and the accuracy of the patient's position influence the dose distribution that will be received by the patient. This verification is based on the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Human Health Series No. 31 of 2016 with a displacement value of 0.3cm (15). EPID (Electronic Portal Imaging Device) is an additional device connected to the LINAC (Linear Accelerator) radiotherapy device. EPID functions as a verification tool for radiation dose and geometry which is very important in the radiotherapy process (16). The accuracy of the patient's position during radiation treatment greatly influences the accuracy of the IMRT technique. Before irradiation, verification is carried out using an EPID (Electronic Portal Imaging Device) to ensure the correct target position on the tumor. This helps measure the x, y, and z axis coordinates along the radiation area before the radiation procedure begins.

Human Rights are basic rights or basic rights that humans are born with which are naturally inherent in every human being and cannot be contested because they are a gift from God Almighty, or it can be said that human rights are respect for the level and dignity of humans which is a necessary recognition. It is clear that humans are humans. In this research the author uses the Library Research method (library research), studying libraries and other scientific works related to the problem being studied in order to obtain a theoretical and legal basis related to the discussion or problem of the problem being researched. Protection of human rights in criminal law aims to create a justice system that is fair, humane, and in accordance with universal human rights principles. This is an important foundation for preventing limitations on power by criminal institutions and for ensuring that the rights of every individual are respected in the legal process.

Domestic violence (KDRT) is a serious problem that requires appropriate legal handling. This article aims to analyze aspects of criminal law in dealing with cases of domestic violence. The research method used is literature study by collecting data from various trusted sources such as journals, articles and other sources. The results of the analysis show that handling cases of domestic violence must be carried out firmly and fairly in accordance with applicable criminal law. Apart from that, prevention efforts also need to be made through education and outreach to the public about the importance of respecting human rights and avoiding acts of domestic violence. It is hoped that the results of this research can make a positive contribution to law enforcement and overcoming cases of domestic violence in Indonesia.

Gender equality is an important human rights principle to be realized in Indonesia. Although there has been significant progress in achieving gender equality, major challenges remain, especially in overcoming discrimination against women. One solution to achieving gender equality is to encourage women to become influential and competitive leaders. This research describes the method of implementing gender equality socialization, its results and achievements, as well as the importance of women in leadership. This effort involves outreach targets such as women's groups, teenagers and the general public through materials that emphasize that women also have rights in various fields, including politics and economics. In this socialization process, the presenters who are legislative candidates become resource persons to provide inspiration to the participants. Evaluation is carried out to measure participants' understanding of the socialization material. The results show that women have great potential as influential leaders if given equal opportunities and support.

Recognizing zakat holds value in both the horizontal dimension, connecting Allah with humans, and the vertical dimension, connecting humans with one another, aligns with the principles that giving zakat, infaq, and sadaqah are integral to the obligations of the Muslim community. Efficient management of these allocated funds requires competent human resources to ensure that the financing reaches its rightful beneficiaries. This study investigates the phenomenon of human resources within zakat institutions based on the tasks and responsibilities carried out, which are notably complex. It underscores the influential role of human resources in the performance of zakat institutions. Human resources play a crucial role as professional assets for zakat administrators, adhering to specific standards. This writing aims to comprehend the strategic role of human resource management in zakat fund administration through a review of literature, legal regulations, and empirical evidence

The increasing use of social media has given rise to various forms of verbal violence, such as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a phenomenon in which individuals use social media to disseminate degrading messages, threats, or insults to individuals or groups. Its relevance to Pancasila as the foundation of the Indonesian state is crucial, given the principles of Pancasila, such as Just and Civilized Humanity, Indonesian Unity, and Social Justice for All the People of Indonesia. This study aims to examine the perception of cyberbullying among the +62 community. This research employs a quantitative approach. Data collection is conducted through the distribution of questionnaires via Google Forms on social media. The results obtained from this research indicate that a majority of respondents agree that humor on social media and personal matters are common reasons for cyberbullying. Additionally, cyberbullying deviates from the second principle of Pancasila, where every individual has the right to live safely, peacefully, and be treated fairly and equally, regardless of physical, economic, and other differences. Efforts to address cyberbullying include individual ethical awareness and behavior, the need for supervision and regulation in the online world, and education and awareness about the principles of Pancasila.

Social advocacy is carried out to provide change by defending victims of injustice. One of the social problems is the number of street children which increases every year. Children spend their time on the streets, without complete identification as their civil right, so it is difficult to be identified. Therefore, the Pertiwi Child Development Foundation provides social advocacy services to assisted children to achieve child welfare. This research aims to determine and analyze the implementation of social advocacy carried out by the Bina Anak Pertiwi Foundation in fulfilling the right to identity and analyze obstacles in social advocacy. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation with a qualitative approach. The results of this research show that the implementation of social advocacy in fulfilling children's rights to identity at the Bina Anak Pertiwi Foundation includes identifying problems, formulating solutions, building awareness and political will, implementing policies, and evaluating. The inhibiting factors for social advocacy are lack of funding and lack of human resources. The supporting factors are external and internal parties who are able to work together in the relief process.

Information about intolerance, sexual violence and drugs is very important material for every good citizen, especially for teenagers. Mojopahit PKBM students are very diverse, but the majority in terms of age, there are still many students who are of productive age (teenagers). In accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia Number 01 of 2003 concerning Guidelines for Education and Training of Civil Servants in the Environment, the Department of Religion also integrates human rights and gender values ​​in its curriculum. The implementation of this service activity uses discussion/question and answer/introduction and empowerment methods. In order to obtain information and get closer to the service participants, the service team conducted brain storming with the socialization participants. This community service activity targets tutors and residents studying PKBM Mojopahit, Mojokerto City. This service activity was attended by 20 participants from students from package levels A, B and C and several PKBM Mojopahit Tutors from Mojokerto City took part in accompanying the students who attended.

The determination of a suspect must be in accordance with applicable legal provisions based on 2 (two) valid pieces of evidence, namely witness statements obtained by the investigator, expert statements obtained by the investigator, letters, and instructions for each piece of evidence obtained by the investigator through an in-depth examination. The investigator's coercive actions must be carried out responsibly according to the law and legal provisions so that arbitrary actions do not occur against the suspect's freedom, independence, and human rights. The problem in this research is the law, implementation, and what factors become obstacles and obstacles in the process of determining suspects for perpetrators of criminal acts. This research uses a descriptive analysis method using a normative approach (legal research) and is supported by empirical research. This was carried out to obtain primary data obtained through interviews through field research. The results of this study explain that the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) has clearly and firmly regulated matters relating to the rights of suspects. The rights of suspects regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code are Priority Rights for Case Settlement, this has been emphasized in Article 50 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) which reads: a) A suspect has the right to immediately be examined by investigators, then can be submitted to the Public Prosecutor. b) The suspect has the right to immediately bring his case to court by the public prosecutor. c) The accused has the right to be tried immediately by the Court., The right to prepare a defense, the right to get an interpreter, and the right to choose their own legal adviser The purpose of this right is to get legal counsel in accordance with the provisions of Article 54 of the Criminal Procedure Code for suspects. For this reason, it is expected that in determining the suspect to have qualified investigators they pay attention to the following matters: Have general knowledge, Knowledge is quite broad, where Investigating Officers are required to have knowledge that is quite extensive, Confident in themselves. Investigating Officers must have high self-confidence, have character, be professional, understand psychology practically, be brave, honest, talented actor, wise, alert, and experienced. Courage, honesty, wisdom, and vigilance are needed in the examination process by an investigating officer. Experience Investigating officers must be experienced in order to master psychology/psychology and be able to act in acting is also very important to have.

Islamic Sharia establishes inheritance rules in a very regular and fair form. It stipulates the right to property ownership for every human being, both men and women, in a legal manner. Islamic Sharia also stipulates the right to transfer ownership of a person after death to his heirs from all his relatives and lineages. Islam details and explains through the Qur'an al-Karim the share of each heir with the aim of realizing justice in society. Inheritance according to Civil Law is inheritance law in the form of a set of legal provisions that regulate legal consequences. Traditional inheritance law is actually the law of passing on wealth from one generation to its descendants.

Abortion is a complex issue involving moral, legal and health considerations. Legal exceptions to abortion are a key focus in unraveling the dynamics of this complexity. Legal views and norms regarding abortion have undergone significant changes, reflecting social changes and understandings of women's reproductive rights. This study aims to analyze the regulations and legal views that define legal exceptions to abortion in Indonesia and how they relate to mitigating women's health risks. The research method involved a literature review and juridical analysis. The results show that the Health Law and Criminal Code provide exceptions for abortion under certain medical conditions, but the 40-day maximum time limit has been criticized. The role of certified health workers and constantly updated regulations play an important role. Implementation of legal exceptions remains challenging, especially in remote areas. In responding to this debate, regulations need to consider the humanitarian and psychological aspects of rape victims.

The controversy surrounding the lineage of Habibs has recently become increasingly widespread and even sparked debates that have led to hatred within society. This issue is often exploited to exacerbate differences, potentially damaging Islamic brotherhood. Therefore, a wise middle ground is needed to prevent discussions about lineage from becoming increasingly wild and divisive. One important solution is to return to the teachings of the Quran. This holy book provides comprehensive guidelines on morality, brotherhood, and the principles of human equality. The Quran emphasizes that a person's honor in the sight of God is not determined by ancestry, social status, or nationality, but by their level of piety. This message is universal and relevant to all humanity, regardless of background. Piety itself is born from a transcendental moral awareness and is manifested through righteous and beneficial behavior. Therefore, Muslims should focus more attention on character development and self-improvement, rather than pride in lineage, which only fuels controversy with no real benefit to social life.

Corruption in Indonesia is a chronic problem that damages the social and economic structure of the country. This paper explores the history of corruption from feudal times to the modern era, highlighting corrupt practices as part of the culture of government. The government has taken serious steps by establishing anti-corruption regulations and institutions to eradicate corruption that harms society and the state. This research uses the literature study method with a focus on improving governance and increasing transparency as an effort to prevent corruption. Through qualitative analysis, this research evaluates the effectiveness of existing anti-corruption regulations and institutions, as well as understanding the impact of corruption on people's social and economic rights. The results show that the government has taken concrete steps, such as establishing the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and encouraging the use of information technology. However, the fight against corruption is faced with structural, cultural, instrumental and management barriers. Measures to improve governance and increase transparency are key to preventing corruption. Challenges include organized corruption, corrupt practices in the private sector, and non-compliance with regulations. Lack of resources is a constraint, and corruption in complex bureaucratic systems complicates case handling. Improving coordination, transparency, and public participation is needed to overcome these challenges. The government needs to continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of corruption-fighting measures. Regular evaluation, public participation, and human resource capacity building are key to creating a strong and resilient system against corrupt practices. Collective awareness and cooperation between the government, anti-corruption organizations, and society are essential to build an Indonesia that is clean from corruption and just for all its people.  

The Digital Era is a time where information can be accessed and disseminated very easily using digital technology. Globally, technology is present to help humans carry out various activities. So the era of technological disruption is something that needs to be faced. In order to continue to be able to provide the best for individuals and community groups in the business world, it is necessary to carry out various innovations and improve the quality of skills. The aim of this literature research is to find out how the era of digital disruption has affected technological development in Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive theoretical study, namely a method that discusses several possibilities for solving actual problems by collecting data, compiling or classifying them, analyzing and interpreting them with existing theories and comparing them from literature sources. The research results show that the era of digital disruption in Indonesia has developed and has entered the modern era, such as digital technology disruption in the fields of health, finance and education. It can be concluded that digital disruption is an innovation that changes people's way of life and thinking patterns, changes company work culture, or even creates new markets that have never existed before. So it has positive and negative impacts with the era of digital disruption. Therefore, if it is not faced with the right strategy, technological disruption can threaten conventional businesses and threaten industrial markets. In facing technological/digital disruption, companies need to improve the quality of more modern technology so that they are not left behind and can compete with industry and companies as well as improving the quality of human resources.