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This research aims to determine the influence of the role-playing method on the creativity of early childhood at Miftahul Jannah TPA. Creativity as an important aspect of development needs to be stimulated from an early age through activities that are fun and meaningful for children. This research uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design type one group pretest-posttest design, where researchers measure creativity before and after role-playing treatment. The research results show that the role playing method has a positive influence on the development of children's creativity. This can be seen from the increase in scores on several indicators of creativity, such as the ability to generate ideas, elaboration and concentration. The elaboration indicator received the highest score in the very good category, indicating that children were able to add details and enrich the storyline during role play. However, the indicators of flexibility and authenticity are still in the poor category and require further stimulation. Overall, an average creativity score of 54 was obtained, which shows that role playing is effective in stimulating children's creativity. These findings emphasize that role-playing methods need to be applied variedly and continuously in learning to optimize the creativity of early childhood.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of a deep learning approach in developing conceptual understanding among early childhood learners at PAUD Al-Fathanah. A descriptive qualitative method was employed through observation, interviews, and documentation involving 15 children and one classroom teacher. The findings indicate that deep learning effectively supports children’s conceptual development by engaging them in meaningful exploration, purposeful play, and real-life learning experiences. Children were able not only to recall information but also to connect new ideas with everyday situations. Additionally, the learning environment promoted a sense of comfort and enjoyment, as children displayed higher levels of enthusiasm and active participation. The child-friendly atmosphere and well-designed play-based activities contributed to joyful and meaningful learning experiences. This study concludes that deep learning is a promising approach to strengthening conceptual understanding, enhancing learning comfort, and increasing children’s motivation to learn. These findings highlight the importance of designing child-centered, contextual, and reflective learning experiences in early childhood education.

The richness of local legends, such as the legend of Giri Gajah from Gresik, faces the risk of being forgotten due to a lack of visual elements appealing to child audiences, especially those aged 8-10 years old. To revitalize this legend, a picture storybook was designed by creating character designs that could captivate children aged 8-10. This dynamic educational medium is the primary target. The focus of the design lies in the character design, making it the core visual element and narrative driver, which connects the oral tradition with the needs of contemporary media. The research method used is design thinking. The design results established four main characters, namely Pandu, Sunan Giri, Sunan Giri's Grandchild, and Gajah (Elephant), using a Semi-Realistic Cartoonist illustration style. This style was chosen for its ability to bridge the reality of local culture with a cheerful visual appeal. This design successfully created an effective medium for the preservation of local culture and the improvement of children's interest in reading.

This research is motivated by the importance of the relationship between parenting styles and the logical thinking skills of early childhood. The development of logical thinking is part of the cognitive aspect that plays a role in children's ability to solve problems, understand cause-and-effect relationships, and make decisions. This study aims to determine the most effective parenting style in improving children's logical thinking skills. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method and was conducted at the KB Mekar Indah Early Childhood Education Center (PAUD). Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and tests with 15 respondents. The results showed a significant relationship between parenting styles and the logical thinking skills of early childhood. Democratic parenting styles have the most positive influencThis research is motivated by the importance of the relationship between parenting styles and the logical thinking skills of early childhood. The development of logical thinking is part of the cognitive aspect that plays a role in children's ability to solve problems, understand cause-and-effect relationships, and make decisions. This study aims to determine the most effective parenting style in improving children's logical thinking skills. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method and was conducted at the KB Mekar Indah Early Childhood Education Center (PAUD). Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and tests with 15 respondents. The results showed a significant relationship between parenting styles and the logical thinking skills of early childhood. Democratic parenting styles have the most positive influence compared to permissive and authoritarian parenting styles, as shown by higher logical thinking scores in children. Thus, democratic parenting styles are recommended to be implemented to support children's cognitive development.e compared to permissive and authoritarian parenting styles, as shown by higher logical thinking scores in children. Thus, democratic parenting styles are recommended to be implemented to support children's cognitive development.

Bullying is an aggressive act that is often repeated and directed at individuals in a weaker position, causing detrimental effects on psychological aspects, particularly children's self-esteem. When children's self-esteem is low, they tend to consider themselves worthless and choose to avoid social interaction. This study aims to analyze the correlation between Bullying behavior and self-esteem levels among elementary school students. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. All 97 students in grades IV, V, and VI at SD Negeri 11 Banda Aceh were used as research subjects through total sampling. The questionnaire used included indicators of Bullying behavior and self-esteem levels. Based on the data obtained, of the 54 students identified as experiencing high levels of Bullying behavior, 44 children or 45.4% showed low self-esteem. On the other hand, of the 43 students who were exposed to low levels of Bullying, 35 of them, or about 36.1%, had high self-esteem. The chi-square test in this study produced a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant relationship between Bullying patterns and self-esteem levels in children. Thus, it can be concluded that an increase in Bullying experiences in the school environment has an impact on the decline in students' self-esteem.

The high rate of stunting in 2025 in the Labaksiu sub-district prompted the government to involve the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) in stunting prevention efforts. This is based on the view that the process of forming a family is closely related to childbearing, so the KUA was revitalized to include stunting issues in marriage guidance materials. This study aims to examine the communication strategies used in the marriage guidance program to prevent stunting in the Labaksiu sub-district. The method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collected through in-depth interviews with six informants, consisting of three guidance facilitators, one health officer, and two program participants. The study's findings indicate that the communication strategy in the marriage guidance program for stunting prevention refers to Lasswell's theory, emphasizing the role of a competent communicator, namely a certified facilitator. The material presented covers topics on reproductive health and the development of outstanding generations, delivered in an educational and persuasive manner. The media used include modules and direct delivery by facilitators. The target of the program is prospective couples who have registered at the KUA. The impact of this program is an increase in the knowledge of prospective brides and grooms regarding the importance of preparing for a healthy family.

The independent real college work (KKN) of Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara was carried out at MTS Al-Washliyah, Hamparan Perak sub-district, Deli Serdang district. This KKN program aimed to improve literacy and highlight the importance of education for children’s abilities in both character development and student intelligence. The goal of education is to advance intellectual development while instilling moral values, ethics, integrity, and tolerance in students. The results of this study indicate that the role of parents is crucial in developing literacy in students. Parents are encouraged to help children develop a habit of reading books, thus providing a positive influence on their children's educational progress. Additionally, parents' active involvement allows children to have better opportunities to develop their literacy skills. By creating a supportive home environment and fostering positive reading habits, parents play a vital role in improving the overall literacy of students. This KKN program has shown that collaboration between parents and educational institutions can significantly enhance the literacy development of students.

One form of sanction regulated in the law is the act of returning to parents. This action aims to return children to their family environment so that they can be fostered and directed properly. In Article 59 of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, it is stated that the government and State institutions have an obligation and responsibility to protect children by providing special protection to children, especially to children who are dealing with the law, both children in conflict with the law and children as victims of criminal acts. This research uses the Normative Juridical research method. This method is carried out by conducting an assessment and analyzing laws and regulations. The results of the study were that the effectiveness of the sanctions for return actions was also influenced by the socio-economic conditions of the family. Many families experience economic difficulties so that they are unable to provide good education and supervision to children. In conclusion, the application of sanctions for returning actions to parents against children who commit criminal acts has a strong legal basis, but still faces various challenges in practice. The effectiveness of these sanctions is greatly influenced by the role of parents, family socioeconomic conditions, and existing social stigma. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is needed to improve the success of child rehabilitation.

Education is a fundamental human right that must be guaranteed for every child without discrimination. In Indonesia, particularly in the Ambon region, educational inequality remains a serious challenge influenced by geographical, socio-economic, and structural factors. Children from impoverished families and remote areas often lack access to adequate education due to limited facilities, low-quality teaching staff, and inadequate technological infrastructure. This situation not only hinders children’s potential development but also perpetuates cycles of poverty and social injustice. Data from the Ministry of Education and Culture (2021) indicates low basic education participation rates and high dropout rates in Maluku and Ambon. In response, the church in Ambon, as highlighted by Joseph Lourine Since (2023), plays a strategic role through the Marginalized Children’s Development School (Sekolah Pembinaan Anak Marginal - SPAM), an alternative education program integrating academic learning with Christian character and spiritual formation. This initiative embodies the preferential option for the poor principle in liberation theology, as developed by Gustavo Gutiérrez, positioning the church as an advocate for the marginalized in its social and moral mission. This abstract recommends strengthening the church’s role in education through multisectoral collaboration to create a more just and inclusive education system for marginalized children.

The 2025 Independent Community Service Program (KKN) of the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra was held at SD Negeri 102028 Sei Parit, Sei Rampah District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Sharia financial education from an early age is an important step in shaping a generation that is financially literate and has Islamic morals. This study aims to describe the process and results of Islamic financial education activities through the “Saving from an Early Age” program for students at State Elementary School 102028 Sei Parit, Sei Rampah District, Serdang Berdagai Regency. The implementation method used a participatory approach with direct observation, counseling, mini banking simulations, and educational games. The results of the activity show that students are able to understand the basic concepts of saving, recognize the prohibition of usury, and show a high interest in saving consistently. This activity also succeeded in fostering basic Islamic financial literacy, especially in the context of wise pocket money management. This study recommends that similar programs be carried out continuously through collaboration between schools and Islamic financial institutions.

This study examines the application of law to cases of forced defense in the crime of murder committed by children based on Kepanjen District Court Decision Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PN Kpn. The aim is to analyze the criminalization process for child perpetrators of criminal acts and consider the legal basis used by judges in issuing decisions. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and case-based approach, utilizing the Criminal Code, Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, and court decisions as the main materials. The results of the study indicate that the criminalization process for children in this case is regulated by the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law, however, the judge's considerations did not fully consider the provisions of Article 49 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code concerning excessive forced defense. The defendant's actions should be viewed as a form of forced defense so that they can be released from all legal charges. This finding emphasizes the importance of judges' consistency in interpreting the reasons for expungement of criminal penalties so that decisions are more just, especially for children in conflict with the law.  

The 2025 Independent Community Service Program (KKN) of the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra was held at SD Negeri 102028 Sei Parit, Sei Rampah District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Sharia financial education from an early age is an important step in shaping a generation that is financially literate and has Islamic morals. This study aims to describe the process and results of Islamic financial education activities through the “Saving from an Early Age” program for students at State Elementary School 102028 Sei Parit, Sei Rampah District, Serdang Berdagai Regency. The implementation method used a participatory approach with direct observation, counseling, mini banking simulations, and educational games. The results of the activity show that students are able to understand the basic concepts of saving, recognize the prohibition of usury, and show a high interest in saving consistently. This activity also succeeded in fostering basic Islamic financial literacy, especially in the context of wise pocket money management. This study recommends that similar programs be carried out continuously through collaboration between schools and Islamic financial institutions.

The independent real college work (KKN) of Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara was carried out at MTS Al-Washliyah, Hamparan Perak sub-district, Deli Serdang district. This KKN program aimed to improve literacy and highlight the importance of education for children’s abilities in both character development and student intelligence. The goal of education is to advance intellectual development while instilling moral values, ethics, integrity, and tolerance in students. The results of this study indicate that the role of parents is crucial in developing literacy in students. Parents are encouraged to help children develop a habit of reading books, thus providing a positive influence on their children's educational progress. Additionally, parents' active involvement allows children to have better opportunities to develop their literacy skills. By creating a supportive home environment and fostering positive reading habits, parents play a vital role in improving the overall literacy of students. This KKN program has shown that collaboration between parents and educational institutions can significantly enhance the literacy development of students.

Sexual violence against children is a highly complex issue with profound negative impacts on both the victims and their social environment. Children with disabilities, particularly those with Down Syndrome, are among the most vulnerable to such abuse due to their physical and cognitive limitations. Given this context, the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as the Child Protection Agency (LPA) becomes crucial. LPA plays a vital role in providing support, advocacy, and assistance to child victims of sexual violence, especially those with disabilities. This study aims to examine the protective role of LPA in assisting children with Down Syndrome who have become victims of sexual violence in Deli Serdang Regency. Using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, the research explores and interprets the lived experiences of informants involved in the cases. The study also highlights the implementation of the four child protection principles as applied by the LPA. The findings show that LPA fulfills its protective role by providing legal assistance, psychosocial support, and ensuring the safety of the victims. The organization successfully implemented the four child protection principles, resulting in a 12-year prison sentence for the perpetrator and justice for the victim. The study recommends increasing LPA staff capacity to enhance the quality of services provided.

Maternal knowledge of newborn care plays an important role in maintaining neonatal health and preventing early complications. Parity is considered one of the factors that affect the mother's level of knowledge, as previous childbirth experiences can improve the understanding and skills of caring for the baby. However, primipara mothers often face challenges due to limited experience. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parity and newborn care knowledge in primipara mothers at the Tumpunglaung Health Center. The research method uses an analytical quantitative design with a cross-cutting approach. The study population was mothers who had just given birth at the Tumpunglaung Health Center, with a sample of 30 primipara mothers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included maternal characteristics and newborn care knowledge, including breastfeeding, hygiene, thermoregulation, and red flags. Data analysis was carried out by Chi-square test using SPSS at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that most primitive mothers had moderate to low levels of knowledge, with a significant relationship between parity and newborn care knowledge. The conclusion of the study confirms the importance of strengthening education and counseling for primitive mothers to improve infant care practices and support neonatal health.

Human mobility between countries has become an inevitable phenomenon in an increasingly open era of globalization. One of the tangible consequences of this mobility is the increasing number of mixed marriages between Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals. Although mixed marriages are a great way to interact across the globe, they often cause difficult legal problems, especially regarding the citizenship status of children born from these marriages. Children may be at risk of statelessness, or without citizenship, if the legal systems and principles between countries differ. This contradicts the principle of protection of human rights in international law. The purpose of this study is to examine the regulation of citizenship for children born to mixed marriages from an international law perspective. In addition, this study also investigates its relationship with Indonesian national law, particularly Law No. 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia and other related legal instruments. To gain a better understanding of the compatibility between national legal practices and international standards, a legislative, case, and comparative approach was used in this study. The results of the study show that, although Indonesia has adopted several principles of international law to prevent loss of citizenship and grant limited dual citizenship recognition to children born of mixed marriages, there is still a gap between the normative and its implementation. This discrepancy can lead to legal uncertainty and reduce the protection of children's rights. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that national and international law in the field of citizenship must be harmonized to build a legal system that is responsive, fair, and in line with global societal progress, as well as to protect children's rights at the international level.

Syndrome is a serious problem in children's health because it has a major impact on growth and development, especially in terms of intelligence and daily activities. Down Syndrome, as one of the most well-known chromosomal disorders, is often the main cause of intellectual developmental disorders, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, early onset of Alzheimer's disease, and various behavioral disorders. Diagnosing syndrome diseases in children is often difficult due to complex and varied symptoms, requiring lengthy, costly, and time-consuming medical evaluations. This study aims to design a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR)-based expert system for diagnosing syndromes in children, which is expected to help accelerate the disease identification process and provide more effective and efficient solutions. The method used is the development of an expert system with a CBR approach, in which the system performs calculations and matching based on the symptoms selected by the user against the available case base. The results of the study show that from symptom inputs such as wide hands with short fingers, short stature, small head, stunted growth, small lower jaw, abnormal body appearance, and weak joints, the system was able to diagnose Klinefelter syndrome with a percentage of 43.58%. This system can be an alternative for patients or families who have limited time and funds to obtain medical consultations, so that diagnosis and follow-up can be carried out more quickly and efficiently.

The rise of the phenomenon of early marriage in Indonesia is the background to the birth of Republic of Indonesia Law number 16 of 2019 concerning marriage and the compilation of Islamic law, which sets the age limit for marriage to 19 years. The reality is that in society there are many cases asking to be able to get married and have it officially registered, which has led to the existence of a marriage dispensation. Marriage dispensation is permitted by law by considering positive matters. The aim of this study is to determine the long-term impact of early marriage on the welfare of individuals, families and society. The method used is qualitative, data collection is carried out by interviews, direct observation and also data related to the theme. Using this method will make it easier to observe phenomena in society regarding marriage dispensations. The data analysis used was an inductive method (Creswell, 1994). The results obtained were that the marriage dispensation from a legal perspective did not conflict with Law 16 of 2019. The granting of marriage dispensations was carried out by considering the impact. From a sociological perspective, our society views early marriage as something normal and often forgets the impact of child marriage. Marriage dispensation is a rational choice, even though the risks faced are very high. Therefore, it is necessary to increase public awareness of promiscuity and return to the essence of marriage.

Pregnancy can trigger a maturity crisis that can cause stress. Stress in pregnant women is related to stress during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to stress levels in pregnant women facing childbirth. This type of research was an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach conducted in the Lubuk Buaya Community Health Center Work Area from April 25 to May 7, 2022. The population was all pregnant women who visited the Lubuk Buaya Community Health Center Work Area in Padang in 2022, totaling 178 people, with a sample of 64 people, using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a validity analysis result of r>0.267 and a reliability test with a Cronbach's Alpha value>0.7. They were processed manually, using univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. The results of the study showed that 26.6% experienced moderate stress, 37.5% had poor family support, 37.5% had poor husband support, 40.6% had trauma, 46.9% had a personal readiness level in the unprepared category, and 46.9% had a heavy activity level. There is a relationship between family support and stress levels, there is a relationship between husband support and stress levels, there is a relationship between traumatic experiences and stress levels, there is a relationship between personal readiness levels and stress levels, and there is a relationship between activity levels and stress levels.

Parenting style in adolescents with hedonism behavior: Nowadays developments continue to occur so that many changes in technology and learning appear, one of the behaviors that is happening nowadays is hedonism behavior. One that can influence hedonistic behavior is parenting style. Parenting is one of the things that influence how a child's behavior. Hedonism is one of the behaviors of a child that can be caused by how parents raise a child. The purpose of this literature review is to find out what parenting styles lead a child to have hedonistic behavior. The method used is a literature review. The articles used in conducting this literature range from 2017-2022 which were searched for by the online research database. There are several types of parenting styles applied by parents. This study also explains what is the relationship between parenting style and the hedonistic behavior of a child. The results of research that hedonism behavior in a child can be caused by permittive and authoritative parenting styles. If the permittive and authoritative parenting style is high, the possibility of a person's hedonistic behavior will also increase.