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Visual aids are tools that can stimulate students' thoughts, skills, attention and willingness so that they can encourage the learning process in students, besides that using teaching aids can provide space for students to be actively involved in every learning process. In fact, in Toyang State Junior High School, mathematics learning has not used visual aids. The props created and used are number pattern boxes made of used cardboard, which are designed in such an attractive way to form several number pattern boxes consisting of: square, rectangular and triangular boxes. This visual aid is used in the learning process for class VIII students of SMP Negeri Toyang. This training aims to help foster the creativity of students and improve students' ability to use teaching aids. The result of this training is that students get new experiences by learning to use visual aids, this can be seen from the enthusiasm of the students who are very large and students more easily understand the concept of number patterns

In Indonesia, science has been taught from an early age, starting from kindergarten to university, which emphasizes on critical thinking skills. Short film is one of the literary works in the form of audiovisual which is considered capable of helping improve students' critical thinking skills. In collaboration with the Dialectika Institute, a mass media institution engaged in civil society studies, research and development, especially focusing on the fields of religion, culture and democracy, this Community Service (PkM) activity was carried out for 3 days starting from the 22nd until February 24, 2023 which aims to improve participants’ critical thinking skills through training related to narrative and cinematographic elements in short films. In order to maximize training results, this PkM activity used several methods, including the Lecture-based Teaching style and the mentoring method in delivering training materials. In addition, the PkM team delivered questionnaires containing questions about the training material and opinions regarding the PkM to the participants in order to measure and see the results before and after the training. The results of the activity showed that this PkM activity was able to attract enthusiasm and was also able to improve the participants' critical thinking skills as seen from the results of the questionnaires delivered. In addition, this activity is able to make them see works from different perspectives than just seeing them as a means of entertainment.

Labor pain is a physiological response that occurs due to an increase in catecholamines that interfere with uterine contractions. Labor pain can be overcome with various alternatives. However, the lack of health promotion related to pain relief strategies causes the majority of pregnant women to lack information literacy on how to deal with pain relief during childbirth. This community service activity was carried out in conjunction with the KKN midwifery undergraduate students at STIKes Mitra Husada Medan in Desa Bangun Rejo, Tanjung Morawa District. The main activity program is to provide education to pregnant women who will give birth with counseling about pain relief strategies during childbirth. This community service method adopts action research steps. Evaluating the program using a questionnaire. The results of the community service which was attended by 10 third trimester pregnant women, it turned out that this activity received a good and positive response from pregnant women. Furthermore, the results of the evaluation of this counseling were obtained, 60% of pregnant women could understand and explain the definition of pain relief strategies and the goals of pain relief strategies, 70% of pregnant women could understand and explain the handling of pain relief strategies. It is hoped that village midwives can also provide health education to birth attendants about pain relief strategies that can be implemented.  

The socialization of the importance of advanced study preparation or employment before graduation for Vocational High School (SMK) students aims to provide profound understanding and strong motivation to students on the brink of graduation. The objective is to enable them to make meticulous and insightful assessments, leading to wise decisions about their educational trajectory, either in higher education or entering the professional world. This informative session takes place at State Vocational High School 2 Depok and is attended by students from the Petroleum and Petrochemical Processing Techniques (TPMP) department in grades 11 and 12. The well-executed event adheres to the predetermined plan and utilizes methods involving information dissemination and interactive discussions to engage participants in the targeted subject matter. The outcomes of this initiative involve an enhanced comprehension of the conveyed material and the cultivation of a robust motivational spirit within participants. The aim is to prepare them for the choices they will make after completing their education, encompassing the possibility of continuing studies at tertiary institutions or entering the workforce. Furthermore, participants gain a clearer insight into the steps involved in determining a career field that aligns with their interests and abilities, as well as choosing a college major that resonates with their competencies.  

Aydin’s distributor is business with the main product is pastries, that distribution with several resselers. Small business that have grown to the present, repacking cookies has not been implemented optimally, not efficient and unable to meet marketing targets significantly.This moment presented are more organized and able to create customer ways among other increase marketing competitiveness by products arrangement that support efficiency, controlling product, so that it can become a magnet in attracting customers. With this hope that performance will be easier and contribute to creating customer desires to come back again. The main operational section is product selling, repacking, delivery and  product collection among many stores. In addition, the selection of research is a business that was started personally and developed with many customers and orders, but there is still a lack of attention to product arrangement. So it is necessary training to improve marketing competitiveness and performance of reseller SMEs management is very important

Deficit funding for the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) is an important challenge for the government in maintaining fiscal stability and supporting development policies. In order to find an effective funding alternative, the issuance of state bonds has become an option. This study aims to analyze the position of issuing state bonds as an alternative to funding the state budget deficit. This study uses a descriptive-analytical approach by collecting data from various related sources. The analysis was carried out through a literature review, data from the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, and regulations regarding the issuance of Government Bonds. The results of the study show that the issuance of state bonds has several benefits as an alternative to financing the state budget deficit, namely diversifying government funding sources, reducing dependence on tax revenues and other income, providing flexibility in the schedule of interest and principal payments, in accordance with the government's financial capacity, attracting investor participation. institutional and retail, increasing financial market liquidity. APBN Deficit Funding is dominated by State Bonds, which of course the issuance of state bonds as an instrument for funding the APBN deficit makes fiscal space narrow. When the space for fiscal movement becomes limited, it means that the government faces limitations in collecting revenue or in managing government spending.    

The term history comes from Arabic, namely from the word syajaratun (pronounced syajarah), which means a tree of wood. The meaning of a wooden tree here is the existence of an event, development or growth of something (event) in a continuity (continuity). In another sense, history is not always defined by past (history is past actuality). Only in a general sense is the reality of the past. As for the social (social) itself can be interpreted with regard to interpersonal behavior, or related to social processes. But seen in social science, the word social refers to its object, namely society. When combined between history and social, it can be interpreted as the past reality of a society regarding behavior and all the processes that occurred in society. Social history is history that focuses attention on neglected, alienated, or marginalized people who are actors of social history. The roles of the community in an event in the past are the focus of the discussion of social history. This study aims to examine the social development of Indonesian society throughout history. Use a qualitative approach and include information from secondary data sources, previous research or existing knowledge of organizations and institutions. The data collection method used by the author in this article, the author uses the library method (path search). The library method is a method used to collect information from books and magazines. Where this social history is populist. Thus it is very different from conventional political history which is elitist in nature. It can be said that without social history, the existence of economic history will feel bland and shallow because social history provides the necessary link in economic history where the scope can cover the daily life of the inhabitants of an area in the past, which includes humans with different economic relationships. -different.

This study aims to find out how the Planning and Control of the Markombur Program at TVRI North Sumatra, this research uses qualitative methods, namely by observation to direct interviews at the research location. TVRI no longer fully uses conventional media but has utilized various online media such as YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, and others. By utilizing this media, the program is more attractive to viewers who have implemented a shift in technology. For this reason, this study discusses starting from production planning, program control, to production stages.    

The sale and purchase of ships carried out by institutions with Indonesian citizenship and foreign countries must pay attention to various basic principles regulated by the government. These basic principles are used and must be established for the preparation of a contract so that the parties avoid things that can harm both the seller and the buyer in terms of administration in government. The administration of buying and selling ships is included in the class of buying and selling goods whose legality of ownership must be in accordance with the standards set by the government. When buying and selling or procurement contracts are regulated based on international private law which contains several theories related to the preparation of an agreement or contract. If a ship purchase agreement does not fulfill one of the administrative elements set by the government, the agreement is considered invalid or canceled. The validity of an agreement that has been made by the parties according to Gunawan Wijaja, namely the agreement must contain validity, both the validity of which is questioned by one of the parties or other matters. In implementing the sale and purchase agreement of ships between Indonesia and foreign countries, it must be by the provisions of the sale and purchase agreement that has been determined, which can refer to agreements in international private law. It is hoped that the government of both Indonesia and foreign countries can make a wise decision in determining the cancellation of an agreement by examining or exploring further the causes of the cancellation of the sale and purchase agreement.  

This study aims to determine the role of PAI teachers in overcoming the moral degradation of students at SMA Takhassus Al-Qur'an Kalibeber Wonosobo. Moral degradation is a phenomenon of moral decline in the character of a person or group. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Respondents in this study were PAI teachers, school principals and students at SMA Takhassus Al-Qur'an Kalibeber Wonosobo. Data analysis techniques were carried out using the Milews and Huberman interactive model, which included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, as well as conclusions and verification. The results showed that: The role of PAI teachers in overcoming student moral degradation is going well. Supporting factors for PAI teachers in overcoming student moral degradation are: co-workers who are compact, adequate facilities and infrastructure, while the inhibiting factors are: co-workers are not compact, lack of guidance and religious education in the family, lack of self-awareness in students. The role of the PAI teacher in overcoming the moral degradation of students is classified as being effective, for example changing the attitude of students who over time have begun to comply with existing rules at school and actively participate in religious activities, although not all of them.    

This type of research is library research, that is, research and studies are carried out by tracing and examining literature or written sources related to the subject matter. The type of data in this study is qualitative data. Qualitative data, namely in the form of literature from various experts. Secondary data sources are data that come from literature books where all information is related to this problem. In analyzing the data obtained and as an attempt to draw conclusions, the collected data will be analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, this study produced several findings, namely that giving rewards does not always have to be expensive. But there is nothing wrong with giving children rewards in the form of goods. As long as the item is really needed. When a child makes a mistake, don't be scolded immediately, because this can cause the child to be psychologically depressed..

Legality is the identity of a business to legalize a business so that it can be recognized by the public. Business legality is very important for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) because it can provide many benefits. To obtain complete and legal business legality, MSMEs must fulfill all applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The Thematic Real Work Lecture (KKNT) activities for MSMEs in Karangtengah Village involve several MSMEs that have been recorded and surveyed. The purpose of this community empowerment program itself is so that business actors can better understand the importance of NIB and can take advantage of government programs that can facilitate online legality permits. After registering business legality, it is hoped that business actors will consider the importance of licensing business entities, there needs to be more attention to training and socialization of business licensing in Karangtengah Village.

This study aims to determine the challenges and opportunities of tourism in Singakawang, West Kalimantan. The method used in this research is using descriptive qualitative. Furthermore, the problem formulations used in this study include (i) How is the tourism sector in Singkawang; (ii) What are the advantages of the tourism sector in Singkawang; (iii) How to improve the tourism sector in Singkawang? Furthermore, the results of this study found that Singkawang has excellent tourism potential both from the aspect of tourist attractions, nature tourism, culinary tourism and besides that tourism in Singkawang must also be supported by various elements which include (i) Accommodation, (ii) Transportation, (iii) Transportation, (iv) Attractions and landmarks, (v) Tourist Information Centers, (vi) Restaurants and Eateries, (vii) Shopping Facilities, (viii) Recreation and Entertainment, (ix) Infrastructure for Safety and Security, (x) Universal Accessibility. Therefore, the implication of this research is to know the condition of tourism in Singkawang and the advantages of its tourism sector, as well as to know the supporting factors that can improve the tourism sector in Singkawang. In addition, the novelty of this research is related to the tourism sector in Singkawang whose information is still limited.    

This study aims to analyze the orientation strategy of the Surabaya city manufacturing industry. The method usedin this research is descriptive qualitative method. Source of data usedderived from secondary data through literature review or what is called a studyliterature collected by the researchers themselves through websites, journals, bulletins, for example taken from the Statistics Agency, company or organizational documents, newspapers and magazines, or other publications. Currently the manufacturing industry in Surabaya continues to experience increased productivity and business expansion after experiencing a decline due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This increase is inseparable from the increasing demand for an increasingly varied market, which has become a driving force for business players to grow and meet market needs. This is what is used in the manufacturing industry, namely market orientation, which includes customer orientation, competitor orientation, coordination between functions, and technology orientation. When a company is market oriented, it shows that the company pays attention to its consumers. Market orientation can be seen from customer orientation and competitor orientation. Customer orientation by researchers is placed as the highest priority in terms of providing superior values to customers.  

The division of tasks is a series of activities carried out in order to determine what should be done or what the work is and who should do it. Competence is an ability to carry out or do a job that is based on skills and is supported by the work attitude demanded by the job. Competence denotes skills and knowledge characterized by professionalism. in this study, namely the formulation of whether the division of tasks and competencies jointly affect the performance of employees in the Sibolga Kota District Government? This study aims to determine how much influence the division of tasks and competencies has on employee performance in the Sibolga Kota District Government. The provisional hypothesis is that the division of tasks and competencies has a joint effect on the performance of employees in the Sibolga Kota District Government. The population is 85 people and used as a sample. Data collection techniques using library research and field research. The results of the research show that the division of labor and competency variables can influence the performance variables of employees in the Sibolga Kota District Government by 54.2%. The division of tasks and competencies jointly or simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees in the Sibolga Kota District Government. Where the Fcount value is greater than the Ftable value (38.510 > 3.11). Partially the division of labor and competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance in the Sibolga Kota District Government. Where the value of tcount = (2.373) is greater than the value of ttable (1.992), Partially the most dominant division of labor affects employee performance, meaning that the variable of division of labor is more decisive in improving employee performance compared to work involvement. Where the value of tcount = (4.453) is greater than the value of ttable (1.995).

MSME business performance has not been very encouraging due to various obstacles and weaknesses in managing the business and the lack of capital support to support the business. Attention to growing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is based on at least three reasons. First, MSMEs as a survival strategy in times of economic downturn. The second reason, the tendency to absorb a lot of labor force makes many MSMEs also intensive in using local natural resources. The progress of MSMEs in reducing poverty and equalizing people's income.

This study aims to find out how the leadership attributes are applied in SMP ST. Lucia Siborongborong. The method used is descriptive qualitative through literature studies and also direct interviews to ST Middle School. Lucia Siborongborong. The conclusion is that leadership attributes are very important for a leader to have, such as capacity, achievement, responsibility, participation, and status. Capacity here includes intelligence, alertness or accuracy, verbal fluency, the ability to judge and make decisions and originality. Achievement attributes include knowledge, academic achievement, achievement in sports. A leader must also have a sense of responsibility in the form of independence, full of initiative, diligent, aggressive, and confident. Participation attributes such as being able to socialize, being able to work together, and being able to adapt. Then status is socioeconomic status. Even though they don’t always have a higher socio-economic leader status than those who are led. The above attributes differ according to the type of organization

Background- Elderly is a transitional period in which a person experiences a decrease in the body's abilities physically and psychologically. One of changes that occurred significantly was the psychological condition of anxiety. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy can prevent anxiety by regulating the parasympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus to increase positive attitudes so that stressor activation in the hypothalamus is minimized. Purpose: This case study aims to determine the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in reducing anxiety in the elderly. Method: This study used a method in the form of a case study on one patient. Previously, the patient's anxiety level was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale questionnaire and then given progressive muscle relaxation therapy intervention for 7 days on a regular basis and then observed on the 4th and 7th day to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: The results of the study showed that after therapy, the anxiety level of the elderly decreased from moderate anxiety (score 24) to mild anxiety (score 16) within 7 days of the intervention. Conclusion: There is an effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on the level of anxiety in elderly.

The dominant problem that requires special attention in the elderly is a decrease in health and a problem of poor nutritional intake which can be caused by a lack of knowledge or due to decreased functions of the digestive organs due to the aging process. Bivariate data analysis was used to see the significance of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable which was carried out using the Chi-square (x^2) statistical test. If Ρ=(0.05) > Chi-Square results then Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected, meaning there is no relationship between the research results and theory. If ρ=(0.05) < from the Chi-Square results then Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected, meaning there is a relationship between the research results and theory. The results of the analysis showed that of the 36 respondents the majority had insufficient knowledge about a healthy diet as many as 18 respondents (50.0%), respondents who had sufficient knowledge about a healthy diet as many as 17 respondents (47.2%) and respondents who had good knowledge about diet healthy as much as 1 respondent (2.8%). The research obtained in Sumber Mufakat Village, Kabanjahe District, shows that the majority are elderly (60-74) as many as 20 respondents (55.6%), the majority have basic education (SD-SMP) as many as 33 respondents (91.66%) , the majority worked as farmers as many as 31 respondents (86.11%), the majority received information from health workers as many as 22 respondents (61.1%), the majority had less knowledge as many as 18 respondents (50.0%) and the majority had a positive attitude as many as 20 respondents (55.6%), where the level of education greatly influences a person's level of knowledge. This shows that the higher a person's level of education, the higher their level of knowledge. The majority of elderly people have less knowledge about a healthy diet, as many as 18 respondents (50.0%). preventing diabetes mellitus where the better the knowledge of the elderly, the better the attitude of the elderly in preventing diabetes mellitus in Sumber Mufakat Village, Kabanjahe District, 2018 with a p value = 0.00.    

As an organization engaged in the mining sales sector and in line with the rapid economic development in Indonesia, the sales sector is also growing rapidly over time. In an effort to regulate the quality of mining in Indonesia, the government has issued policies in the form of provisions and legislation. Law regarding mineral and coal mining No.4 of 2009 along with government regulation No.23 of 2010.