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The sulang-sulang hariapan tradition is a significant cultural heritage of the Batak Toba community that embodies values of love, respect for elders, family reconciliation, equitable inheritance distribution, and leadership regeneration. The ritual is traditionally performed by offering food to parents who have reached the status of saur matua, symbolizing gratitude and respect. It is also accompanied by requests for blessings, advice, and public acknowledgment of mistakes, thus fostering peace, forgiveness, and social harmony within the community. However, in contemporary practice, the meaning of this tradition has gradually shifted toward a more formalized ceremony that emphasizes social status rather than its original spiritual and communal values. This study employs descriptive qualitative methods, combining field research with theological reflection, to examine how the values inherent in sulang-sulang hariapan can be understood in the light of the Gospel. The findings indicate that the tradition has profound potential to serve as a contextual medium for Christian faith expression. Therefore, it is crucial to revitalize its theological meaning so that the tradition remains relevant and transformative in strengthening family bonds and nurturing leadership in the modern era.

This study aims to analyze the role of village heads in improving development in Darmorpis Village, Samofa District, Biak Numfor Regency. Village administration, as the spearhead of government administration, plays an important role in realizing public services, community empowerment, and sustainable development. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and literature study. The results show that the village head plays a strategic role in leading and mobilizing all elements of society, including traditional leaders, religious leaders, village officials, and the general public, to actively participate in development. The village head's leadership emphasizes not only administrative aspects but also service, motivation, work discipline, and capacity building for village officials. The synergy between leadership and community participation proved to be a key factor in the success of the development program in Darmorpis Village. However, this study also found obstacles in the form of a lack of coordination regarding the implementation of assistance programs from the local government, which had an impact on the community's perception of the effectiveness of development. Thus, it can be concluded that the success of village development is largely determined by the visionary leadership of the village head and the collective support of the community.

Education plays a crucial role in shaping the personality, morals, and spiritual values of students. In the Islamic perspective, education is not solely focused on the mastery of knowledge but also includes the cultivation of noble character, the strengthening of faith, and the enhancement of religiosity as a form of devotion to Allah Swt. Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren), as traditional Islamic educational institutions, have a strategic role in instilling these values through religious activities, the teaching of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning), and the habituation of virtuous behavior. Pesantren serve not only as centers of learning but also as institutions for character formation and spiritual development. However, the forces of globalization and modernization bring new challenges in the form of cultural, technological, and informational influences that often conflict with Islamic values. Therefore, pesantren are required to develop adaptive, innovative, and relevant educational strategies that align with contemporary needs without losing their Islamic identity. One effective approach is the implementation of Islamic counseling, a process of psychological and spiritual guidance grounded in the Qur’an and Sunnah. Through this counseling, students are expected to strengthen their faith, enhance their religiosity, and develop moral resilience in facing the dynamics of modern life based on strong Islamic values.

Salem District is one of the largest coffee commodities in Brebes Regency. This significant potential has yet to provide a meaningful contribution to the income of coffee farmers, especially in Gunung Jaya village, Salem District. The low income of coffee farmers is due to the fact that they still sell their coffee products in the form of cherry. Over time, in 2018, farmers began to develop small-scale and simple coffee processing from green beans to roasted beans and coffee powder, pioneered by the SME "Lulumpang Kopi". They still use simple tools and often have to travel out of town to obtain the desired coffee powder. Lulumpang Kopi can produce 100-150 packages of coffee weighing 100 grams. Seeing this potential, the Community Partnership Empowerment team (PKM) from the University of Civilisation and UNSOED, funded by DIKTISAINTEK, is conducting community service this year 2025 using training methods, workshops, and appropriate technology grants. Thus, technology has been granted in the form of 1 Huller machine with a capacity of 150kg/batch, 1 BBM Grinding machine with a capacity of 10kg/batch, and scales. This assistance aims to enhance farmers' capabilities to achieve greater economic independence and improve their competitiveness in the market. As a result of this activity, partners were able to increase the capacity and quality of coffee farmers' production through the grant of equipment such as huller, BBM grinder, and digital scales, making the processing faster, more efficient, and yielding better coffee compared to traditional methods. In addition, the training participants also demonstrated an increase in knowledge through pre-tests and post-tests, rising from 66.5% to 77.3%, an increase of 13.8% from the 40 participants who attended.

Waste candlenut shells are one type of biomass that has significant potential to be developed as an alternative energy source, particularly in the form of briquettes. Candlenut shells, which are typically discarded as agricultural waste, contain combustible material that can be transformed into solid fuel. However, the traditional briquette molding process is still done manually, which is time-consuming, inefficient, and often results in inconsistent briquette shapes and density. This study aims to design and develop a briquette molding machine specifically for processing candlenut shell waste, with the goal of improving both production efficiency and the quality of the briquettes produced. The research methodology includes several stages: mechanical design, selection of appropriate materials, fabrication of machine components, assembly, and performance testing of the machine. The resulting machine utilizes a screw conveyor compression system powered by a 5.5 HP petrol engine. It features a cylindrical mold with a 40 mm diameter to shape the briquettes uniformly. During the performance test, the machine demonstrated a maximum production capacity of 14.3 kg per hour, with an average processing time of 24 minutes and a briquette yield reaching up to 85%. The findings indicate that the machine can significantly streamline the briquette production process while maintaining product consistency and quality. This briquette molding machine is particularly suitable for household and small-scale industries aiming to utilize renewable energy sources and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. The use of this machine also supports environmental sustainability by converting agricultural waste into a usable energy product.  

This study examines the role of the hula-hula authority within the Batak Toba kinship system, known as Dalihan na tolu, and its relevance to the theological understanding of blessings. In Batak tradition, hula-hula is viewed as "Debata na tarida" (the visible God) and is considered a source of blessings in various social and ritual contexts, especially through the practice of giving ulos. However, Christian doctrinal theology asserts that blessings are solely a gift from God, independent of any specific social structure or tradition. Using a qualitative research method through literature study, this paper explores the intersection and tension between Batak customs and Christian theology. The findings show that while the authority of hula-hula enriches the values of social harmony and kinship ethics, this understanding risks overshadowing the biblical truth that God is the sole source of blessings. Therefore, the church is called to reaffirm God's authority while also respecting cultural values. This study highlights the tension between tradition and theology, which should be addressed with wisdom to allow both to coexist harmoniously.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a crucial role in fostering good morals in students, enabling them to develop Islamic character and face the challenges of the times with strong spiritual values. However, the implementation of PAI teaching in the field often still prioritizes traditional lecture methods, which lead to less student participation, boredom, and less than satisfactory learning outcomes. This small study aims to explore the PAI learning models and strategies implemented by teachers at the Al-Hidayah Foundation, the challenges they face, and their impact on students. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method through in-depth interviews with PAI teachers. The results revealed that teachers have begun to integrate lecture methods with more innovative learning strategies such as contextual, cooperative, and technology-based, although their implementation has not always been consistent. The main challenges faced include limited infrastructure, a lack of professional training for teachers, and low learning motivation among some students. The visible impact is increased student engagement in the learning process when innovative strategies are implemented, although their effectiveness still needs to be strengthened with support from the institution and parents. Therefore, the Islamic Religious Education teachers at the Al-Hidayah Foundation not only function as teachers, but also as motivators and facilitators in the learning process to ensure that the goals of Islamic education can be achieved properly.

This study was motivated by the low motivation and boredom of students in learning Indonesian, which is still dominated by conventional methods and results in less optimal conceptual understanding. The purpose of this research is to implement Wordwall as an interactive learning medium to improve students’ conceptual comprehension, interest, and motivation. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects were X students of MA Darul Lughah Wal Karomah Kraksaan. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings revealed that Wordwall successfully created a more engaging and enjoyable learning atmosphere compared to traditional teaching methods. Its interactive features, such as quizzes, word-matching activities, and word-search exercises, stimulated students’ enthusiasm and encouraged them to actively engage with the material. The scoring system and timer also fostered a healthy sense of competition, which further motivated students to participate. However, some limitations were identified, including the possibility of cheating, the relatively small font size, and the time-consuming process of preparing questions. Despite these challenges, the implication of this study suggests that Wordwall can serve as an innovative alternative medium for teaching Indonesian, providing both meaningful learning experiences and enhanced learning quality.

This paper discusses the theological study of tortor somba in the death ceremony of saur matua in the Batak Toba community. Tortor somba is believed to be able to realize the bond of brotherhood between those present in the death ceremony of a perfect person in kinship. The person is called saur matua, which means complete or perfect, namely a person who has had children and grandchildren, and has succeeded in life both socially and materially. Tortor somba is also believed to be a sign of respect, welcoming those who have a higher position, with this respect can receive blessings. The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of tortor somba in the death ritual of saur matua in the Batak Toba community, as well as to determine the theological views on the death ritual of saur matua in the Batak Toba community. The research method in this researcher uses a qualitative research method with an ethnographic approach by conducting interviews with one of the village officials, three people representing the Batak Toba community, three traditional leaders, one HKBP Pastor, one GKPI Pastor, and one Catholic Tomok Pastor. The data was studied to examine theological studies regarding tortor somba in the saur matua death ceremony in the Toba Batak community.The results of the research show that the meaning of tortor somba in the Saur Matua death ceremony in the Toba Batak community is a form of pride, respect, and also gratitude. Tortor somba in death ceremonies is not only a child's form of respect for their deceased parents, but also to honor the spirits of ancestors or forefathers. This expression of respect is intended for ancestors. It is also important to provide new knowledge to the younger generation that tortor somba must be based on and illuminated by the word of God in order to maintain and respect culture, because if understood properly and correctly, religion and culture will complement each other.

Local religious traditions play a crucial role in maintaining spirituality, cultural identity, and social cohesion within communities, particularly in rural areas that continue to uphold traditional values. This study aims to examine in depth the influence of the Puja Bhakti Keliling tradition on the level of participation of Buddhist devotees in various religious activities in Sumogawe Village. The study employs a quantitative approach with an associative design, involving 60 purposively selected respondents, and the data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The findings indicate that this tradition contributes significantly to the active engagement of the devotees, with an R² value of 0.634 and a regression coefficient of 0.756, confirming its positive effect. Dimensions of togetherness, social interaction, and spiritual meaning were identified as the main factors driving active participation. The results also reveal low participation in Dhamma learning sessions, highlighting the need for innovation in educational methods and more engaging learning approaches within lay communities. The Puja Bhakti Keliling tradition has proven to serve as a spiritual, social, and educational medium that holistically supports community resilience and the sustainability of religious practices. This study recommends strengthening this traditional model through intergenerational support, innovative participatory learning methods, and contextual approaches that align with community needs.

Citrus hystrix DC., commonly known as kaffir lime, is a citrus plant widely distributed in Southeast Asia including Indonesia, Thailand, India, and China. Its leaves are traditionally used as food flavoring and herbal medicine due to their distinctive aroma and therapeutic potential. This study was conducted to identify the presence of secondary metabolite compounds in kaffir lime leaves through qualitative phytochemical screening. Fresh leaves were extracted and tested using standard phytochemical methods with specific reagents to detect alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. The screening process was carried out through colorimetric reactions that indicate the presence of specific metabolite groups. The results showed that kaffir lime leaves positively contain several classes of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids (brownish-black precipitate with Bouchardat reagent), flavonoids (red color with Mg and concentrated HCl), saponins (stable foam formation after shaking with HCl), steroids (green color with acetic anhydride), terpenoids (reddish-purple color with concentrated H2SO4), and tannins (greenish-black color with FeCl3). The findings confirm that kaffir lime leaves are rich in bioactive compounds that may contribute to pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. These results support the traditional use of kaffir lime leaves as natural medicine and highlight their potential as a source of natural bioactive compounds for further pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development. This study provides preliminary scientific evidence and encourages more detailed quantitative and isolation studies on the active components of Citrus hystrix.

Employee turnover in Jakarta’s star-rated hotels remains high in the post-pandemic period, ranging from 11–38% annually, which significantly affects service quality and industry competitiveness. This phenomenon is driven by a combination of job insecurity due to massive layoffs, job stress from excessive workload and long working hours, and a mismatch between young employees’ career expectations and traditional HR practices. Millennials and Gen-Z tend to prioritize self-development, meaningful work, and work–life balance, making them more mobile and open to new opportunities. This study aims to identify the dominant factors influencing turnover, explore the perceptions of HR managers and frontline staff regarding the policy–practice gap, and formulate relevant HR strategies for the post-pandemic context. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving in-depth semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation review, analyzed using Miles, Huberman & Saldaña’s interactive model. Data validity was ensured through triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing. Findings reveal a significant gap between HR policies and their implementation, weakening retention strategies. The study proposes integrated strategies including consistent employer branding, adaptive and transparent compensation, needs-based digital training, fair work flexibility, and competency-based career mapping. The main contribution lies in formulating a combinatorial HR model that provides a practical retention roadmap while enriching the hospitality HRM literature in Indonesia.

Background: Traditional naval maintenance strategies rely on centralized supply chains and pre-manufactured spare parts, leading to long repair downtimes and logistical inefficiencies, particularly for vessels operating in remote maritime regions. Additive manufacturing (3D printing) offers a disruptive alternative by enabling on-demand production of spare parts, reducing dependence on external suppliers, and enhancing fleet self-sufficiency. However, material durability, operational feasibility, and cost-effectiveness remain underexplored for naval applications. Original Value: This research advances the study of AM in naval engineering, assessing its practical viability beyond theoretical potential. Unlike previous studies focusing on commercial maritime applications, this study evaluates 3D printing’s impact on naval fleet readiness, supply chain resilience, and sustainability. Objectives: The study investigates how 3D printing can optimize naval maintenance efficiency, specifically analyzing its feasibility, material performance, cost implications, and logistical advantages. Methodology: A qualitative-empirical approach was used, combining material performance testing, expert interviews, and operational case studies to evaluate mechanical durability, economic feasibility, and AM integration challenges. Results: Findings indicate that AM reduces repair downtime by 40%, lowers part procurement costs by 30–50%, and enhances supply chain resilience. However, material limitations and infrastructure readiness remain key adoption challenges. Conclusions: Hybrid AM adoption—where 3D printing supplements rather than replaces traditional manufacturing—offers the most practical near-term approach for naval fleets. Strategic investment in material research, onboard AM training, and fabrication infrastructure will enhance fleet efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and future-proof maritime maintenance strategies.

Traditional and modern leadership are two approaches with distinct characteristics and advantages. Traditional leadership is rooted in culture, customs, and values passed down through generations, where the leader's legitimacy is often based on lineage, social status, or collective recognition within the community. This model emphasizes hierarchy, authority, and stability to maintain group harmony. However, in a constantly changing era, the traditional approach is often deemed less flexible as it tends to be static and resistant to adaptation. In contrast, modern leadership emerges in response to the needs of more dynamic and complex societies and organizations. Modern leaders prioritize competence, innovation, and member empowerment, emphasizing effective communication and the ability to adapt to change. Both approaches hold unique relevance in different contexts. Integrating the positive values of traditional and modern leadership can create a more holistic model of leadership aligned with contemporary demands.

The musical work “Syurga di Telapak Kaki Ibu” is a rearrangement of the Malay song composed by S. Effendi in 1990 and popularized by Aishah. This work highlights moral and religious values about honoring mothers. The purpose of this study is to describe the creative process of rearranging “Syurga di Telapak Kaki Ibu” using the rentak langgam format characteristic of Malay music. A descriptive–qualitative approach with a work-study method was employed. Data were collected through observation, literature review, and the composer’s five-month practice. The results show a new arrangement featuring a mournful melody, flowing harmonies, and the application of ornamentation techniques such as cengkok and grenek on melodic instruments (gambus oud, sape, bamboo flute, violin, accordion). The arrangement is structured in intro, verse, interlude, verse, interlude, and coda to create more varied emotional nuances while preserving the original essence of the song. This work is expected to strengthen the existence of classic Malay songs in the era of modern music and serve as a reference for students and traditional music practitioners in creating innovative works based on cultural heritage.

Background: Maritime engineering has traditionally relied on reactive and preventive maintenance strategies, often leading to operational inefficiencies, unplanned downtime, and excessive costs. With the rise of smart ship technologies, predictive maintenance (PdM) has emerged as a data-driven solution, leveraging sensor-based monitoring and real-time diagnostics to optimize ship maintenance. However, its integration into maritime education remains underexplored, particularly in training vessels used for vocational learning. Original Value: This research contributes new insights into the feasibility, effectiveness, and educational relevance of predictive maintenance in maritime vocational training. Unlike previous studies that focus on commercial ship applications, this study examines PdM within the context of training vessels at Poltekpel SULUT, bridging the gap between academic training and industry expectations. Objectives: The study seeks to answer: How does predictive maintenance improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and reliability of naval auxiliary systems in training vessels? Methodology: A qualitative approach was employed, integrating sensor-based performance analysis, structured interviews, and questionnaire surveys involving cadets, instructors, and industry professionals. Data were analyzed through thematic categorization, cross-group comparisons, and narrative synthesis. Results: PdM demonstrated high effectiveness in reducing downtime (92/100), optimizing maintenance efficiency (91/100), and aligning with industry practices (89/100). However, challenges in sensor accuracy (85/100) and training integration were identified. Conclusions: The findings highlight the necessity of incorporating predictive maintenance into maritime training curricula to equip future engineers with the skills required for Industry 4.0 maintenance solutions, ensuring better operational efficiency and sustainability in the maritime sector.

Women in traditional societies often face complex challenges, particularly within patriarchal social systems. In Batak Toba culture, women are frequently placed in subordinate positions and regarded merely as complements within the household. However, social realities reveal a different dynamic, where women are able to emerge as key actors in sustaining family economies while also preserving cultural identity. This study aims to examine the resilience of female ulos weavers in Siraja Hutagalung Village from a socio-theological perspective. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with five main informants who work as ulos weavers, while secondary data came from literature studies related to women’s resilience issues. The analysis refers to resilience theory and gender role theory. The findings show that female ulos weavers hold a central role in family life. Their weaving is not only a cultural product but also symbolizes spiritual strength, loyalty, and independence. Thus, women’s resilience is not merely a social reality but also a tangible expression of spirituality embedded in daily life.

This research explores the application of literary formulas in Brandon Sanderson’s novel Mistborn: The Final Empire. The research aims to identify the specific narrative formulas employed within the novel’s structure and to map the pattern by which these formulas are integrated to create its compelling narrative. Using a qualitative approach, the study applies Cawelti’s literary formulas and Vogler’s stages of the journey to analyze key scenes, dialogues, passages, and plot events. Data collection involved close reading and detailed note-taking. The findings show that Mistborn integrates three formulas: adventure, mystery, and romance, into the narrative. By mapping the protagonist’s journey onto Vogler’s twelve stages, the study shows a clear pattern where the adventure formula drives the main plot, the mystery intellectually engages the reader, and the romance provides emotional depth. These findings help explain the narrative appeal of the novel and offer a useful framework for understanding how fantasy stories are structurally composed. The study demonstrates how traditional storytelling formulas can be used to create rich and engaging narratives in modern fantasy literature.

This study aims to analyze the application of deep learning in the transformation of religious moderation education in the digital era and its implications for the development of modern Islamic education. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using library research, reviewing literature on Islamic education, religious moderation, and artificial intelligence in learning contexts. Data were collected from academic books, scientific journals, articles, and other credible sources, then analyzed using content analysis to identify patterns, concepts, and relationships between technology and the strengthening of moderation values. The results indicate that the implementation of deep learning can transform Islamic education from a traditional rote-based model to a reflective, contextual, and interactive learning process. This technology enables the analysis of students’ thinking patterns and behaviors, the reinforcement of moderation values, character formation, and the development of moderate digital literacy in a personalized and adaptive manner. The integration of technology and spirituality in digital Islamic education creates transformative learning experiences that strengthen empathy, ethical awareness, and students’ reflective capacities. The study implies the importance of developing curricula, learning strategies, and teacher competencies based on artificial intelligence to produce a generation of students who are moderate, tolerant, and competent in facing the challenges of the digital era.

This study aims to describe the pattern of instilling human values at Ki Ageng Pandan Alas Martial Arts School, Kademangan Branch, Blitar. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews using snowball sampling, and documentation, then analyzed using Miles & Huberman’s interactive model. The findings reveal that value transmission is carried out gradually through regular training, the trilogy of spirituality (hablum minallah, hablum minannas, rahmatan lil alamin), and the school’s greeting symbolized by the keris sigar penjalin. Methods applied include lectures, exemplary behavior, habituation, games, reward and punishment, value discussions, internalization, and real-life activities. The media consist of physical elements (uniforms, belts, symbols, and training equipment) and non-physical ones (teachings, role models, traditions). The study confirms that martial arts schools can serve as a medium for character education, particularly in fostering religiosity, empathy, respect, self-control, and social care. These findings enrich the discourse on value education and provide references for educational institutions, families, and communities.