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The rapid development of social media, particularly Twitter, has given rise to a new form of social violence known as cyberbullying. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of cyberbullying on Twitter using Ulrich Beck's Risk Society Theory as an analytical framework. The research approach used is a literature review. This study perceives cyberbullying on Twitter as a modern, systemic risk, shaped by anonymity, cancel culture, and the individualization of risk. It acknowledges that Twitter's structural features, such as pseudonymous accounts and the rapid dissemination of information, exacerbate the potential for cyberbullying, while simultaneously positioning individual users as both victims and potential perpetrators of digital violence. These findings reinforce Beck's thesis that risks in advanced modernity are self-produced, institutionally distributed, and difficult to regulate, clearly reflected in the uncontrolled spread of cyberbullying in digital public spaces.

This study aims to analyze corruption as a form of abuse of power within the public bureaucracy and its impact on the quality of public services in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method based on journals, books, and official reports. The results indicate that corruption within the bureaucracy persists in various forms, such as extortion, abuse of authority, and budget manipulation. Contributing factors include low integrity among public officials, weak oversight, and the complexity of bureaucratic procedures. The resulting impacts include a decline in service quality, inequitable access to services, and a loss of public trust in the government. Furthermore, corruption hinders bureaucratic effectiveness and slows down the national development process. These conditions demonstrate that corrupt practices not only harm state finances but also broadly affect public welfare. Therefore, efforts are needed through bureaucratic reform, strengthened oversight, and enhanced civil servant integrity to achieve transparent and accountable public services that support the establishment of good governance.

The ability to describe graphs accurately in English is an essential academic skill for EFL learners, particularly in higher education contexts where students are required to interpret and communicate visual data. However, many learners still experience difficulties in producing grammatically accurate graph descriptions. This study aims to investigate the level of grammatical accuracy demonstrated by EFL learners in graph description tasks and identify the grammatical aspects that require further improvement. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research analyzed 30 samples of students’ written graph descriptions produced by undergraduate learners. The analysis focused on several grammatical aspects, including subject–verb agreement, tense consistency, article usage, sentence structure, prepositions, and punctuation. The findings reveal that students frequently struggle with subject–verb agreement and article usage, while punctuation errors occurred less frequently. The study highlights that grammatical accuracy remains an important challenge for EFL learners in academic writing tasks involving data interpretation. Therefore, it is recommended that grammar instruction be integrated more intensively into graph description activities in English classes. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective teaching strategies in academic writing instruction for EFL learners.

This study discusses the reform of criminal law regarding acts of abuse of power within the Indonesian legal system. Abuse of power committed by public officials constitutes a serious violation of the rule of law and the principle of equality before the law because it can harm society and weaken public trust in the government. The old Criminal Code inherited from the colonial era was considered incapable of providing an optimal deterrent effect against perpetrators of abuse of authority. Therefore, the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the New Criminal Code became an important step in the reform of criminal law in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze criminal law reform policies in overcoming abuse of power and the effectiveness of their implementation in law enforcement. The results show that the new Criminal Code expands regulations regarding abuse of authority with stricter criminal sanctions and additional penalties in the form of revocation of office rights. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as political intervention, low integrity of law enforcement officials, and the potential overlap with the Corruption Eradication Law. Therefore, the success of criminal law reform requires the support of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture that work in harmony.

Recent Internet of Things (IoT) intrusion detection studies have reported near-perfect benchmark performance for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) detection, yet limited attention has been given to understanding how different traffic representations contribute to the detection process under highly imbalanced traffic conditions. This study presents an ablation-driven analysis to investigate the contribution of statistical and temporal representations for large-scale IoT DDoS detection using the CICIoT2023 dataset. Three experimental scenarios are evaluated, including statistical representation, temporal sequence representation, and hybrid statistical–temporal representation. Temporal representations are learned using a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) with lag-based traffic sequences, while ensemble tree-based classifiers are employed for final classification and representation analysis. In addition, multiple ablation configurations are designed to evaluate the impact of temporal dependency modeling and feature engineering strategies on detection performance. Experimental results show that statistical traffic representations remain highly effective for DDoS detection on CICIoT2023, achieving 99.36% accuracy and 99.31% weighted F1-score in the statistical representation scenario. Feature importance analysis further indicates that engineered statistical features contribute substantially more to the classification process than CNN-based temporal representations. Although temporal modeling captures sequential traffic behavior, its contribution is relatively limited and mainly acts as a complementary representation. Furthermore, the hybrid configuration produces only marginal improvements over the statistical representation alone. These findings highlight the importance of representation-level analysis for understanding the actual contribution of statistical and temporal modeling in modern IoT intrusion detection systems beyond relying solely on benchmark accuracy.

This study aims to examine the traces of acculturation between Islam and local culture in Margorejo Village, Kerek District, Tuban Regency. The research is based on the understanding that the spread of Islam in Indonesia occurred peacefully, persuasively, and adaptively, allowing Islamic teachings to interact harmoniously with local traditions without eliminating existing cultural identities. This process produced forms of religious culture that combine Islamic values with local customs and continue to be preserved by the community. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews with religious leaders, community leaders, and local residents, as well as documentation of religious and social traditions. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that acculturation is reflected in the tradition of pilgrimage to the tomb of Sheikh Ahmad Subaqir or Mbah Mboja, who is regarded as an important figure in spreading Islam in the region. The pilgrimage serves not only as a spiritual activity but also as a means of strengthening social solidarity. Another form of acculturation appears in the “sedekah bumi” or “manganan” tradition, which expresses gratitude for agricultural harvests and community welfare. The study concludes that Islam and local culture in Margorejo coexist harmoniously and contribute to strengthening religiosity, social solidarity, and cultural preservation.

Astronomy in Islam (Ilmu Falak) is a branch of science that studies the position of celestial bodies related to the implementation of Islamic worship, especially in determining the qibla direction and prayer times. In this simple study, an analysis was conducted on several mosques, namely Masjid Al-Huda, Masjid Bahrul Ulum, Masjid Besar Al-Muslimun Kepatihan, and Masjid several Besar Al-Falah Ngunut. The analysis was carried out by comparing the qibla azimuth with the direction of the building or prayer rows, as well as evaluating the suitability of prayer times used by the mosques with digital standard times and official prayer schedules. The method used in this study was field observation assisted by digital applications and online prayer schedule sources. The results showed differences in qibla direction deviation and prayer times in each mosque. The largest qibla deviation was found at Masjid Bahrul Ulum, while the smallest deviation was found at Masjid Besar Al-Muslimun Kepatihan. Meanwhile, the prayer time differences ranged from 1 minute to 1 minute 30 seconds. From these results, it can be understood that accuracy in determining the qibla direction and prayer times is very important to support the proper implementation of worship. In addition, the development of digital technology greatly assists the process of falak analysis in modern society.

This study aims to analyze the skills gap in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the factors influencing it. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach based on literature studies and the author’s analysis of the dynamics of formal education curricula and the development of industrial needs. The findings indicate that formal education curricula that are less adaptive to technological developments are the main factor causing the skills gap. In addition, the slow adaptation to technology in educational and industrial environments, as well as the unequal distribution of skills development across various regions in Indonesia, further widen the gap between graduates’ competencies and labor market demands. This condition affects the low readiness of the workforce in facing digital transformation and global competition. The study concludes that the skills gap is a strategic issue requiring serious attention from the government, educational institutions, and the industrial sector. Curriculum reform that is responsive to technological advancements, strengthening digital literacy, and ensuring equal access to training and skills development are essential steps to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian human resources. These efforts are expected to support poverty reduction, reduce social inequality, and achieve the long-term national development goals toward Indonesia Golden Vision 2045.

This study analyzes the reconstruction of Human Rights (HR) in Indonesia through the integration of Pancasila values and Islamic Religious Education (IRE) within the framework of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence. In the Indonesian context, human rights are not merely perceived as universal individual liberties, but are understood within broader philosophical, religious, and socio-cultural dimensions. Pancasila functions as the foundational framework that harmonizes individual rights with social responsibilities, while Islamic teachings provide normative and theological foundations through principles such as maqasid al-shari‘ah, justice (‘adl), and human dignity (karamah insaniyyah), as well as Qur’anic values of tolerance and moderation (tasamuh and wasatiyyah). This research adopts a qualitative method with a descriptive approach based on literature review, drawing upon various scholarly sources related to human rights, Islamic education, and sociological jurisprudence. The findings reveal that the integration of Pancasila and Islamic Religious Education generates a comprehensive understanding of human rights that is both normative and contextual. Moreover, empirical findings indicate that a deeper comprehension of Qur’anic teachings on tolerance is positively correlated with the development of moderate and inclusive attitudes, thereby highlighting the significant role of education in internalizing human rights values. Additionally, the historical transition from pre-Islamic (Jahiliyyah) society to the Islamic era demonstrates that Islamic teachings function as an agent of social transformation by promoting justice, equality, and the protection of marginalized groups. From the perspective of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence, law is viewed as a dynamic system that must remain responsive to evolving social conditions, ensuring that the reconstruction of human rights remains relevant and adaptable. In conclusion, the synergy between Pancasila values, Islamic teachings, and sociological legal approaches contributes to the formation of a more inclusive, balanced, and culturally grounded human rights paradigm in Indonesia.

Health issues among the elderly are often related to declining bodily functions, digestive disorders, and specific nutritional needs for easily digestible foods. The 60-and-older age group is at high risk for gastrointestinal disorders due to low fiber intake. Therefore, alternative foods are needed that are soft in texture, neutral in taste, safe, and nutritious. One potential solution is the development of food products based on tempeh gembus with the addition of banana hearts, which are rich in fiber, soft in texture, and readily available. This study employed an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to test three formulation variations (F1, F2, F3). The nutritional content of formulation F1 includes energy 111.575 kcal, carbohydrates 20.185 g, protein 6.91 g, fat 0.355 g, and fiber 6.67 g. Formula F2 contains 88.225 kcal of energy, 14.095 g of carbohydrates, 7.72 g of protein, 0.205 g of fat, 7.3 g of fiber, and 0.0015% flavonoids. Formula F3 has 107.015 kcal of energy, 7.995 g of protein, 0.295 g of fat, 6.88 g of fiber, and 0.0021% flavonoids. In conclusion, the best tempeh with added banana hearts is Formula F2, with its nutritional content, fiber, flavonoids, and BAL >10⁸ CFU/g, which has the potential to serve as a functional food and probiotic source to help improve digestive health in the elderly. Further testing is recommended directly on elderly groups, along with product shelf-life testing.

Gestational hypertension is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. Non-pharmacological interventions such as lavender aromatherapy have gained attention as complementary therapies due to their natural properties and minimal side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effect of lavender aromatherapy on blood pressure among pregnant women with gestational hypertension. The research employed a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 15 participants meeting the inclusion criteria received an intervention consisting of lavender aromatherapy inhalation for 10–15 minutes. The results showed a decrease in mean systolic blood pressure from 141.53 mmHg before the intervention to 139.27 mmHg after the intervention. However, the mean diastolic blood pressure slightly increased from 90.20 mmHg to 90.27 mmHg. The reduction in systolic pressure indicates a potential relaxation effect of lavender, likely mediated through parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. Although the change in diastolic pressure was minimal and not clinically significant, these findings support the use of lavender aromatherapy as a supportive approach in managing blood pressure in pregnant women with gestational hypertension. This complementary therapy is expected to enhance maternal healthcare, particularly in improving comfort and reducing stress during pregnancy.

Stunting remains a persistent nutritional challenge that threatens human capital development in Indonesia. This study examines the effects of exclusive breastfeeding, female education, sanitation, access to safe drinking water, inadequate food consumption, and poverty on stunting prevalence across 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2017–2024. The study employs a random-effects Panel EGLS estimator with Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) to address heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence in provincial panel data. The findings reveal that exclusive breastfeeding, female education, and adequate sanitation significantly reduce stunting prevalence, while poverty significantly increases it. Interestingly, inadequate food consumption is negatively associated with stunting prevalence, potentially reflecting the contribution of government nutritional assistance and social protection programs. In contrast, access to safe drinking water does not show a statistically significant effect. Among the explanatory variables, female education is strongly associated with reductions in stunting. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening women’s education, improving sanitation quality, and expanding poverty-alleviation and nutrition-sensitive interventions to accelerate reductions in stunting and support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 in Indonesia.

This study examines the effect of working capital on firm performance and sustained growth among consumer non-cyclicals manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the period 2019–2023. Working capital is operationalized through three distinct proxies derived from Akgün and Memiş Karatəs (2021): the Cash Holding Level (CHL), which measures the proportion of cash and cash equivalents relative to total assets; the Cash Interactive Effect (CIE), which captures the efficiency of converting revenue into operating cash flow; and the Gross Working Capital Ratio (GWCR), which reflects the share of current assets within total assets. Firm performance is assessed through Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q, while sustained growth is measured using the model proposed by Gerson et al. (2025), expressed as SG = b × ROE, where b denotes the earnings retention ratio. Panel data regression analysis is applied to 225 firm-year observations drawn from 45 companies. The study employs the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) for ROA and ROE, and the Random Effect Model (REM) for Tobin’s Q, as determined by the Hausman specification test. The findings reveal that CHL and CIE exert significant positive effects on ROA and ROE, while CIE is the only proxy to produce a statistically significant positive effect on Tobin’s Q. With respect to sustained growth, CHL and GWCR demonstrate significant negative effects, whereas CIE shows a significant positive effect, indicating that operational efficiency dimensions of working capital actively support long-term growth sustainability. These results reinforce the liquidity management theory and contribute empirical evidence that the structure and efficiency of working capital are strategic determinants of both short-term financial performance and long-term growth sustainability in Indonesia’s consumer goods manufacturing sector.

Effective communication is essential for teamwork effectiveness in healthcare, particularly in inpatient units where patient care requires coordination among multiple professionals. Internal data from Hospital X showed that more than 50% of medical incidents in the last two years were related to miscommunication among healthcare workers. In addition, the 2024 employee satisfaction survey reported that workplace communication satisfaction was only 62%, below the hospital target of 75%. This study aimed to examine the influence of effective communication on teamwork effectiveness with interprofessional collaboration as an intervening variable at Hospital X.This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design involving 226 healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and medical support staff. Data were analyzed using the Three-Box Method and PLS-SEM. The findings revealed that effective communication significantly influenced teamwork effectiveness both directly and indirectly through interprofessional collaboration. Interprofessional collaboration also acted as a significant mediating variable between communication and teamwork effectiveness. These results indicate that communication is a key foundation for strengthening collaboration and improving teamwork in hospitals. Therefore, hospitals should enhance communication training and interprofessional collaboration programs to improve healthcare quality and patient safety

This research investigates the integration of the creative economy as a catalyst for sustainable tourism development within Kutai National Park (KNP), East Kalimantan. Despite its ecological significance as a lowland rainforest and Orangutan habitat, KNP faces stagnation due to a reliance on extractive resources and a lack of diversified tourism products. Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology and SWOT analysis, this study maps the creative potential of the region and evaluates its impact across four sustainability pillars: economic, social, environmental, and institutional. Data were gathered through field observations and in-depth interviews with park authorities, local government officials, and creative entrepreneurs in the buffer zones of Sangatta and Bontang. The findings reveal significant potential in non-timber forest-based culinary arts, modernized ethnic crafts, and digital wildlife storytelling. A critical institutional barrier identified is the "sectoral ego" between conservation authorities and local governments. The study proposes a strategic shift toward a "Green Creative Hub" model, emphasizing that sound governance and institutional synchronization are essential for balancing conservation with economic empowerment. This research provides a roadmap for policy-makers to transition from extractive-based livelihoods to a knowledge-based service economy that preserves the integrity of protected landscapes.

Hypertension in pregnant women and Women of Reproductive Age remains a significant health problem in West Java Province. The prevalence of hypertension among pregnant women in West Java is approximately 10.57%, higher than the national rate of 6.18%, while the prevalence among WRA ranges from 25% to 30%. This study employed a pretest–posttest design with health counseling provided to 25 pregnant women and Women of Reproductive Age in RW 05, Kertamaya Subdistrict, Bogor City. Data were collected using knowledge and attitude questionnaires before and after the counseling and analyzed using the Paired Sample T-test. The results showed a significant increase in participants’ average knowledge and attitude scores after the educational intervention (p < 0.05). Based on the Paired T-test, the intervention yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating a statistically significant improvement in both knowledge and attitudes. These findings demonstrate that health education is effective in increasing knowledge and fostering positive attitudes regarding hypertension among pregnant women and Women of Reproductive Age.

Job analysis is a key component of human resource management that plays a role in determining the tasks, responsibilities, and competencies required for a particular job. In various organizations, job analysis serves as the foundation for HR planning, recruitment, selection, employee placement, and performance evaluation. However, research on job analysis remains scattered across various studies focused on specific organizational contexts, necessitating a literature synthesis to gain a more comprehensive understanding of research developments in this field. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the development of research on job analysis and identify its role and contributions to human resource management. This study employed a literature review method by searching for scientific articles in the Google Scholar database using the Publish or Perish (PoP) application with the keyword “job analysis.” The initial search yielded 30 scientific articles, which were then screened based on topic relevance, open access, and publication years ranging from 2020-2026, resulting in 16 articles selected for further analysis. The findings indicate that the literature on job analysis can be grouped into three main themes: the role of job analysis in human resource management, its contribution to improving employee performance and productivity, and its implementation in employee placement and organizational governance. Overall, job analysis has proven to be a strategic tool for enhancing the effectiveness of human resource management. Further research is recommended to examine the implementation of job analysis in greater depth across various organizational contexts to enrich the development of human resource management theory and practice.

This study discusses the role of Islamic educational philosophy in guiding the transformation of pesantren education in the modern era. Islamic education in Indonesia plays an important role in shaping students’ character, spirituality, and intellectual abilities, with pesantren as one of the oldest institutions that preserve Islamic values. However, the rapid development of globalization and technology requires pesantren to adapt without losing their identity. This research aims to explain how Islamic educational philosophy becomes the foundation for transformation and to identify forms of change that are relevant to current challenges. The study uses a qualitative approach through a literature review, collecting data from journals and other relevant sources. Data are analyzed using content analysis by organizing and comparing findings from different studies. The results show that pesantren transformation occurs through a selective adaptation process, combining traditional values such as moral education, spirituality, and classical learning with modern elements like curriculum integration, interactive learning methods, and digital technology. Some challenges still exist, including limited facilities, unequal access to technology, and the need to improve teacher competence. Islamic educational philosophy helps maintain balance between intellectual, spiritual, and moral aspects so that modernization does not eliminate pesantren identity.

This study aims to examine the existence of dayah as a traditional Islamic educational institution in Aceh in facing the challenges of modernization, as well as to analyze its history, curriculum, and the dynamics of educational transformation within it. This research employs a qualitative approach through library research by collecting data from various sources such as books, scientific journals, research articles, and documents relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that dayah is one of the oldest Islamic educational institutions in Aceh that developed since the early spread of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago and has played an important role in the dissemination of Islamic teachings, moral development, and the formation of social life within the community. The educational system in dayah focuses on the study of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning) and Islamic sciences through traditional learning methods such as halaqah, religious book studies, and direct learning with teungku or Islamic scholars. Over time, dayah institutions have undergone various transformations through the integration of general subjects, curriculum reform, and improvements in educational management systems in order to remain relevant to modern societal needs. Modernization presents challenges for dayah, particularly in maintaining a balance between tradition and educational innovation. Nevertheless, dayah continues to preserve its Islamic identity while gradually adapting to contemporary developments. Therefore, dayah not only survives as a traditional educational institution but also develops into an adaptive and relevant Islamic educational institution that continues to play a significant role in shaping character and religious values in Acehnese society.

This research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive analytical research type through a literature study method. The research data were obtained from various written sources such as scientific journals, books, research articles, and other documents relevant to the research topic. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation by reading, recording, and classifying data according to the focus of the research. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and qualitatively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that Civic Education has an important role in instilling tolerance values in students through materials related to diversity, democracy, human rights, and Pancasila values. Civic Education learning helps students understand the importance of respecting differences in ethnicity, religion, culture, and opinions in everyday life. In addition, teachers also play an important role in fostering tolerance through group discussions, teamwork, and presentation activities that train students to respect and cooperate with one another. However, there are still obstacles in implementing tolerant attitudes, such as environmental influences and the lack of awareness among some students. Therefore, cooperation between teachers, schools, and parents is needed to continuously foster students’ attitudes of tolerance.