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In higher education settings, undergraduates also face complex dynamics that include academic pressures, social changes, and personal development demands which can negatively impact aspects of psychological well-being in students. Various elements can affect a person's psychological well-being, including culture, age, gender, and the way a person interprets experiences in their life. This study aims to determine the effect of optimism and problem-solving skills on psychological well-being in college students. This research is correlational quantitative research. The subjects in this study amounted to 135 students. The sampling technique used is random sampling. The results showed that the F value was 152.525 with a significant value of p = 0.000 where (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant effect of optimism and problem-solving ability on psychological well-being, so Ha is accepted and the R2 coefficient value (R Square) of 0.835 or (84%) which this value shows the influence of optimism and problem-solving ability on psychological well-being by 84% while the remaining 16% is influenced by other variables not examined. This study concludes that optimism and problem-solving ability affect psychological well-being positively and significantly, which means that the more optimism and problem-solving ability increase, the more psychological well-being levels will increase

Abstract.  The purpose of this research is to identify the difficulties experienced by students in understanding the concepts, principles, and procedures in problems related to the material of lines and angles. This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive method. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII-1 at SMP Negeri 29 Medan. Data collection techniques included tests, interviews, and documentation. All students of class VIII-1 took a test on the understanding of concepts, principles, and procedures. Afterward, the test results were analyzed and categorized into three groups: high, medium, and low ability. Subsequently, two students from each ability group were selected as interview subjects. The results of this research indicate that the most common conceptual difficulty experienced by students is classifying objects according to their concepts in determining the type of angle according to its measurement. The most common principle difficulty experienced by students is connecting mathematical concepts in solving problems in the material of the relationship between angles formed by two parallel lines intersected by a transversal line. Meanwhile, the procedural difficulty experienced by students is that all students still make mistakes in explaining, planning, and applying the correct steps or algorithms in mathematical problems, both in the material of the relationship between lines, determining angles, and the relationship between angles formed by two parallel lines intersected by a transversal.  

Nursing is a profession that is oriented towards health services with all independent planning or action to help improve the welfare of people's lives. Definitions of community are also many and varied. According to McKenzie et al. (2016) in (Alvian Fabanyo, 2022). A community is a group of people who have similar characteristics. The similarity of these characteristics is determined by location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, similarity of interest in solving certain problems, results, or other common ties (Alvian Fabanyo, 2022). The aim of this nursing care is to provide an overview of the implementation of community nursing care in the Kp region. Pengasinan RW 03, Periuk Jaya Village, Periuk District, Tangerang City, Banten. Case study design using nursing care. The case study sample used 96 people in Rw. 03. The evaluation stage is an activity to assess the implementation of interventions and implementation that has been implemented at this stage, there is still a lot that needs to be evaluated because it takes a long time, so a follow-up plan is needed with the community in accordance with the existing nursing plan. Meanwhile, short evaluations in the form of verbal and nonverbal responses have been carried out, such as during outreach activities, distributing leaflets, discussions and putting up posters. The existence of good cooperation between students, and community participation as well as support from village officials, cadres, RW/RT and local health centers are very helpful in determining activity criteria.

The Problem Based Learning learning model is a learning model that begins with giving problems to students where the problems given are everyday experiences or have been experienced by students. Then students solve the problems given to gain new knowledge. It is expected that students are able to learn knowledge related to these problems, as well as students have skills in solving problems. The purpose of this research is to increase student motivation in PAI subjects at Perlaungan Islamic High School. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation and then drawing conclusions. The sources of data in this study are school principals, deputy heads of curricula, PAI teachers, and students. The results of the study show that: 1. Implementation of the Problem Based Learning learning model in PAI subjects at Perlaungan Islamic High School there are five stages, namely, student orientation to problems, organizing students to learn, guiding educators to search for data on a problem, developing and presenting the work , analyze and evaluate. 2. Student learning motivation, there are two learning motivations, namely, intrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation there are three indicators namely, there is a desire and desire to succeed, there are encouragement and needs in learning, there are hopes and ideals, and extrinsic motivation, there are five extrinsic motivations indicators namely, there is appreciation in learning, there are interesting activities in learning, there is a conducive learning environment, teacher-student relationships, student-student relationships.    

This research aims to evaluate the impact of implementing the STAD Cooperative Model on the learning outcomes of 10th-grade Fashion students in the Cultural Arts subject for the academic year 2023/2024. The formulation of the problem is whether this model can enhance students' academic achievements. The research objectives include evaluating the learning outcomes of students through the application of this model and providing a comparative study for students planning further research. The theoretical benefits of this research lie in its contribution as a foundation for subsequent studies, enabling other researchers to enhance problem-solving abilities for students. Practically, this study is expected to make a positive contribution to schools, teachers, and students. For schools, it is anticipated to improve the quality of education, especially in teaching cultural arts to enhance the academic achievements of students. For teachers, this research can serve as a reference in developing cultural arts education and other learning processes. Additionally, this study provides insights for 10th-grade Fashion students at SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar to improve their learning outcomes in cultural arts. Through the evaluation of the impact of implementing the STAD Cooperative Model, this research can serve as a foundation for developing more effective teaching strategies, contributing to the enhancement of education quality at the vocational high school level.

The objection of this activity is for UMKM (Small Business Entity) in Kelurahan Lamaru. We are doing asistency for SME “Kelapa Jelly” owned by Bu Heni in Jalan Sosial Dalam RT 19. The Problem which should be solving were she didn’t have any financial report and lack of marketing strategy in social media at digital era.

This research aims to determine students' ability to understand mathematical concepts through the application of the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach and to find out how the students' answers process in solving problems on tests of students' ability to understand mathematical concepts after applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan. This type of research is classroom action research through cyclical learning stages. The subjects of this research were 13 students in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan and the object of this research was the students' ability to understand mathematical concepts by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistical material. Based on the research results, it was found that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach, students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in statistical material in class VIII-1 at Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan was improved, namely in cycle I the average student ability was only 30.76 with a completion percentage of only 8% of students completed. In cycle II the average student ability increased to 92.95 with a student completion percentage of 100%, so that students had met the classical completion percentage, namely ≥85%. The results of this research show that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistics material in class VIII-1 of Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan, students can improve their ability to understand mathematical concepts.

This study aims to determine whether applying the Problem Based Learning model can improve the mathematical problem solving ability of students of class VIII-A SMP Negeri 1 Stabat on SPLDV. This research is a class action research conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of 2 meetings. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII-A SMP Negeri 1 Stabat totalling 30 students. The object of this research is the improvement of students' mathematical problem solving ability through the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model on SPLDV material at SMP Negeri 1 Stabat in the 2023/2024 school year. Based on the results of data analysis, the average initial test score was 47.11 with the number of students who reached mastery as many as 4 students (13.33%) and students who had not reached mastery as many as 26 students (86.67%). Then learning was carried out with the Problem Based Learning learning model in cycle I and there was an increase in the problem solving ability test with an average value of 63.44 with 19 students or as many as (63.33%). Then students who have not reached completeness are 11 students or as many as (36.67%). Then in cycle II there was an increase with the average value of the student problem solving ability test being 84.11, with a total completeness of 26 students or as many as (86.67%) and the number of students who had not reached completeness was 4 students or as many as (13.33%). The level of student completeness of the problem solving ability test given in cycle II reached the good category, therefore it can be said that learning has been achieved. Thus it can be said that the class has reached more than 85% of students who have been completed to solve problems. So it can be concluded that using the Problem Based Learning model can improve students' mathematical problem solving skills.

 Problem solving skills are one of the skills that a student really needs to survive in the 21st century. In order to have problem solving skills, of course a child must be taught and accustomed to practicing them from an early age starting from school. This research aims to determine the characteristics of the test instruments used to measure students' problem solving abilities based on item response theory analysis. This research uses a mix method with a sequential exploratory research design. This research used instruments that had been prepared by researchers which were then validated by experts and then tested on 130 students who had studied material on pressure in substances. The data obtained were analyzed using item response theory analysis, the GRM model (Graded Response Model). This research shows that the instrument prepared by the researcher is suitable for measuring students' problem solving abilities by having a validity value (0.89) and a b value or difficulty level in the range -2 to 2 which means good and can be used.

The company merger between Gojek and Tokopedia, which has been carried out since 2021, aims to unite two different company ecosystems into a single entity with a wider reach. Therefore, the existence of Public Relations is needed in maintaining the image of the two companies that have become one. This study aims to determine the role of Public Relations in maintaining GoTo's corporate image after the merger. The theory used in this research is the theory of Dozier and Broom regarding the role of Public Relations in maintaining the company's image, including (1) expert preciber communication, (2) problem solving process facilitator, (3) communication facilitator and (4) technician. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through literature search, company documents, media monitoring, and observation. The results showed that with the role of Public Relations as a problem solving process facilitator and communication facilitator, the GoTo Company can handle issues regarding the policy of reducing incentives and employee layoffs quite well, so that GoTo's image can still be maintained

This research aims: (1) students' mathematical reasoning ability using the Discovery Learning learning model is higher than students' mathematical reasoning ability using conventional learning models in class VII MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli, (2) the process of solving answers made by students in solving problems in the Discovery Learning learning model and Conventional learning model. This type of research is quantitative research with Quasi-Experimental methods. This research was conducted at MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli. The sampling technique in this study uses Purposive Sampling techniques, namely class VII-A as a class taught with a Discovery Learning learning model and class VII-B as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instrument used was in the form of observation sheets and student mathematical reasoning ability test sheets in the form of 3 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used t-Test with Independent Sample t-Test technique with the help of SPSS 20 program. The results of this study showed that the average score of classes taught using the discovery learning model was 78,01 and classes taught using conventional learning models were 72,22. For hypothesis testing carried out using a t-test, from the calculation results obtained a value of  (2.664) >  (1.66757) with a Sig.2-tailed level of 0.010 < 0.05, which means that  rejected and  was accepted, so that it is concluded that there is a significant difference in the average mathematical reasoning ability of students using the Discovery Learning learning model and the Conventional learning model. Based on the analysis of the process of completing students' answers to the mathematical reasoning ability test that get Discovery Learning learning is better than students who get conventional learning.

This research aims to explore and analyze the influence of collaborative learning on students' problem solving skills at SMK Negeri 1 Kendit. The literature review method was used as the main research approach to develop a conceptual framework and gain an in-depth understanding of this topic. Collaborative learning is identified as a learning model that encourages active interaction between students, promotes joint problem solving, and improves social skills. A literature review involves searching related sources in the fields of education, collaborative learning, and students' problem-solving skills. The results of the literature analysis show that collaborative learning can make a positive contribution to the development of students' problem solving skills in vocational schools. Interaction between students, self-empowerment, and joint problem solving through collaborative learning can help students develop skills such as communication, teamwork, and problem solving which are key to success in the work environment. This research provides an important contribution in the context of curriculum development and learning strategies at SMK Negeri 1 Kendit, by identifying collaborative learning principles that can be applied to improve students' problem solving skills. The practical implications of this research involve the formulation of recommendations for teachers and policy makers in the field of education to increase the effectiveness of collaborative learning in the context of vocational high schools.

Mathematical literacy is a person's ability to formulate, use and interpret  mathematics in various contexts of daily life problems efficiently. Literacy skills students not only have numeracy skills but also the ability to think logically and critically in solving problems. Mathematical literacy has a significant positive impact on students' critical thinking abilities. This research aims to describe the influence of mathematical literacy on students' critical thinking abilities in mathematics subjects. The method used in this research is a literature review. The results of this research show a strong relationship between mathematical literacy and critical thinking skills. Mathematical literacy involves understanding, using, and interpreting mathematical concepts in a variety of concepts, while critical thinking skills involve analysis, evaluation, and rational decision making. Mastery of mathematical literacy can improve students' critical thinking abilities, because mathematics involves problem solving and logical reasoning. Thus, developing mathematical literacy can contribute to improving students' critical thinking abilities

This research to find out to describe the ability to understand concepts of male and female students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 3 Sungguminasa in solving geometry problems. The type of research used is describtive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this research was students of class VIII.D SMP Negeri 3 Sungguminasa as many as 2 students, 1 male students and 1 female students who were selected based on the data of the highest report card scores. The instrument used is a concept understanding test and interview guidelines. The results showed that there were differences in the ability to understand concepts between female students and male students with the following descriptions: (1) the ability to understand concepts of female students in the triangle material was able to meet 5 indicators of understanding the concept of interpretting, exemplifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing and not fulfilling 2 indicators of understanding the concept of classifying and explaining. (2) the concept understanding ability of male students in the triangle material is able to meet the 4 indicators of understanding the concept of interpretting, exemplifying, classifying, inferring and not meeting the 3 indicators of understanding the concept of summarizing, comparing, and explaining. Thus it can be said that female students have a better understanding of concepts than male students.

Question and answer is a classroom activity that allows learners to create or recreate meaning through language. Effective questioning is a means for students to respond during the learning process. Designing questions that capture student interest and attention comprises diagnosing and verifying specific facts or information, determining, and encouraging analytical, inductive, differentiation, extension, application, problem-solving, and synthesis skills. To be effective, we must design questions and answers to request information. Effective classroom questioning techniques require good preparation and do not require students to use thinking skills. This article illustrates that Q&A is a very common activity that can help students learn English and is an important way for students to exchange ideas with teachers and students. The article also covers some basic questions and examines questioning techniques in English teaching.

Architectural criticism is not only used on physical buildings but can also be found in literary works, one of which is in the short story entitled Architecture of Silence by Sunggung Raga. The aim of this research is to find architectural criticism contained in short stories using descriptive methods which is a way of solving problems using analyze and read carefully the architectural aspects contained in the short story. Take several short story quotes and explain them into aspects of descriptive criticism, namely static, dynamic and process aspects

Mental health is an important part of overall well-being and health in general. Referring to several previous research, it shows that the contribution of cadres has an influence on the Indonesian health service system. With this context, there is a big opportunity for cadres to participate in efforts to treat mental health For this reason, the aim of this community service activity is: Posyandu cadres are expected to be able to protect the community around where they live to help create a good social environment to help accelerate the recovery of PLWH. This service activity was carried out in Samapuin Village, Unter Iwes District, Sumbawa Regency, NTB. Carried out by dividing into small groups using posters as the media. The results obtained are solving problems that occur among ODDP (People with Psychosocial Disabilities) in Samapuin Village and increasing support for a good social environment for ODDP. It is hoped that in the future there will be regular meetings from the Community Health Center to continue empowerment activities for Posyandu cadres related to social environmental support for ODDP.

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem-based learning model (PBL) with a STEM approach on the mathematical problem solving ability of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research was conducted at SMP N 17 Medan T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study consisted of two classes, namely class VIII-3 as an experimental class taught with a PBL model with a STEM approach and class VIII-4 as a control class taught with conventional models. Based on descriptive statistics and categorization of research results, it was found that the mathematical problem solving ability of experimental class students was 67,74% of students in the high category, 32.26% of other students in the medium category, and no students in the low category. Meanwhile, in the control class, 15,63% of students were in the high level of problem solving ability, 53,13% were in the medium level and 31,24% of students were in the category low category. Thus it can be seen that the mathematical problem solving ability of grade students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is better than conventional learning models. Furthermore, with inferential statistical analysis for the t test, calculated t value = 2,42 and ttable = 1,999623, thus t calculated > t table means that the problem-solving ability of students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is not the same as students who use the learning  conventional model. With further analysis, Fcalculated = 5,6847 and F table = 3,998494482, then  calculated F > F table so it can be concluded that problem-based learning models with a STEM approach have a significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

Since the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) at the end of 2015, it should encourage all economic actors, including SMEs and Micro Enterprises, to improve themselves in order to improve the quality of production of both goods and services. If this is not done, then Indonesia will be an "soft" market for other ASEAN countries because Indonesia has the largest population (population size) in ASEAN, namely no less than 270 million people. SMEs and Micro Enterprises, which are the embodiment of people's economic democracy, will be very hard hit if the heavy flow of goods and services from various ASEAN countries invades the Indonesian market. Realizing this, strengthening (empowering) SMEs and Micro Enterprises is a necessity and necessity to be able to find a national identity that has comparative advantage and competitive advantage. This activity begins with identifying existing problems and then finding a method for solving them. The method used is by providing training and mentoring. The results that have been achieved are the ability of the Traditional Cake business to optimize its sales by using local raw materials. In this way, the "best-selling" Traditional Cake Micro Business can improve its capabilities in the fields of production and business management and online marketing via social media. These outcomes are an indication of increased business empowerment.

This research aims to describe the multi-representation instrument's feasibility and analyze students' multi-representation ability in solving problems regarding work and energy materials. This research uses a mixed methods approach with sequential explanatory design. The analysis results show that seven items are feasible to measure students' multi-representation abilities. Students' level of multi-representation ability in solving problems on work and energy material in the category needs some improvement 20%, inadequate 69%, and missing 11%. Students in the needs some improvement category were interested in the format of the questions used in the test. However, students still have difficulty representing the problem. They made some efforts to understand the problem, answered according to the steps, and had a strategy to answer the question correctly. Students in the inadequate category had difficulty representing the problem but still had a strategy to answer it. Meanwhile, students in the missing category struggled to represent the problem because they did not have steps and strategies to answer.