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The increasing complexity of naval electrical systems and the demand for higher operational reliability necessitate a shift from traditional maintenance methods to data-driven predictive maintenance solutions. This research examines the effectiveness of IoT-based remote monitoring and diagnostic systems in improving system reliability, cost-efficiency, and operational sustainability in naval engineering. A qualitative-empirical approach was applied, utilizing expert interviews, structured surveys, and field observations to assess the impact of IoT-driven predictive maintenance. The findings indicate a significant reduction in system failures (92/100), maintenance costs (89/100), and operational downtime, demonstrating the effectiveness of real-time fault detection and automated diagnostics. Additionally, the study identifies challenges in infrastructure readiness (78/100) and cybersecurity concerns (82/100), which must be addressed for large-scale implementation. While the adoption rate (88/100) reflects strong industry support, skill readiness gaps (80/100) suggest a need for enhanced technical training in maritime education. The research concludes that IoT-based predictive maintenance offers a transformative approach to naval maintenance strategies, ensuring sustainability, efficiency, and enhanced fleet readiness in modern maritime operations.

This study examines the effectiveness and efficiency of ship agency services in handling the arrival and departure processes manually at the port. Ship agency services play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth operation of ports, particularly in terms of administration and coordination among various parties involved. The continued use of manual methods presents significant challenges, including human errors, delays in processes, and a lack of transparency in the flow of information. The research adopts a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and observations, as well as documentation with ship agents, port officers, and other relevant parties. The findings indicate that although manual methods are still reliable in some aspects, there is an urgent need for modernization and digitalization of the ship agency system. The study also reveals that the use of digital technology could enhance data accuracy, speed up processes, and improve transparency and communication among stakeholders. In this context, the research explores various technological solutions that could be implemented, such as mobile applications and integrated port management systems. It is hoped that this study will provide new insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the port sector regarding the importance of digital transformation in ship agency services. The implications of this research include improved operational efficiency, reduced operational costs, and increased customer satisfaction through faster and more accurate services.

Optimizing distribution routes is an important step for MSMEs in increasing operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. This research was conducted on Bolen Crispy Mak Tin MSMEs which face distribution challenges with routes that are not yet optimal, causing increased transportation costs and the risk of decreasing product quality. This research uses the Branch and Bound and Nearest Neighbor algorithms to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) problem in determining efficient distribution routes. The results of data processing are optimal routes that have the minimum distance with a total distance of 282.5 KM with route P-1-2-7-4-5-6-3-0 for the branch and Bound algorithm and 239 km with route P- 2-3-4-5-6-7-1-P for Nearest Neighbor This result is more optimal when compared to the previous route, namely P-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-P with a distance of 291 km analysis shows that Method Nearest Neighbor is able to provide an optimal solution by minimizing travel distance and distribution costs, while the Branch and Bound algorithm also provides an optimal solution but is less efficient. and distribution cost efficiency from Rp. 570,320.9 to 565,511.36 or 0.84% ​​more savings for the Branch and Bound Algorithm and 540,795.45 or 5.18% more savings for Nearest Neighbor

This study discusses the comparison of efficiency between Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) techniques in electric motor control. The background of this research is based on the importance of energy efficiency in industrial applications using electric motors. The aim of this study is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of each method in the context of energy savings and motor performance. The method used is a quasi-experimental design, where both techniques are tested on the same three-phase induction motor to compare power consumption and operational efficiency. The findings indicate that the use of VFD is significantly more efficient in reducing power consumption compared to PWM and provides better torque stability in the motor. The implications of this research suggest that the application of VFD can enhance energy efficiency and reduce operational costs, which is crucial for industries. This study is expected to serve as a reference for further development in electric motor control technology.

Inventory management is a critical aspect of retail operations, including at Sinar Kudus Nabire Building Materials Store. The current manual system is prone to recording errors, data loss, and slow stock updates, leading to operational inefficiency and risks of overstock or stock shortages. This study aims to develop a web-based inventory management application using the Agile method to improve efficiency and accuracy in stock management. The application is designed with features for real-time stock recording, searching, and updating, as well as a login system for security. The results show that the application accelerates the process of searching and updating stock data, reduces the risk of overstock and stock shortages, and facilitates decision-making related to inventory management. Academically, this research contributes to the literature on the development of web-based inventory management applications, particularly for building material stores. Practically, the application helps improve operational efficiency and stock data accuracy at Sinar Kudus Nabire Building Materials Store. This study is limited to developing a basic inventory management application and does not cover other operational aspects such as finance or marketing.

North Kalimantan Province as one of the regions is required to prioritize capital expenditure to support community economic activities. The Budget Realization Report (LRA) as a form of government accountability in managing finances shows priorities on government operational expenditures. The purpose of this study is to examine the financial performance of the Regional Government of North Kalimantan Province for Fiscal Year 2018 – 2022 using 5 data analysis tools consisting of: 1) Regional Financial Independence Ratio, 2) Growth Ratio, 3) Regional Original Revenue Effectiveness Ratio, 4) Regional Financial Efficiency Ratio, and 5) Compatibility Ratio. This research includes quantitative research with a descriptive approach derived from secondary data, namely the North Kalimantan Provincial Government Budget Realization Report 2018 – 2022. The results of the study using the ratio of regional financial independence showed the value of independence classified as consultancy

I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport – Bali is one of the airports with the busiest flight traffic in Indonesia, for both domestic and international routes. The high intensity of operational activities on the airside demands optimal management of all supporting elements, one of which is Ground Support Equipment (GSE). GSE plays a vital role in supporting aircraft movements and handling baggage, cargo, and passengers. Therefore, the provision of well-organized Equipment Parking Area (EPA) facilities in the Make Up and Break Down areas is crucial to ensure smooth and safe operations on the apron. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of EPA provision and management in supporting GSE work efficiency, while identifying challenges and providing solutions to various emerging problems. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation, field documentation, and analysis of the actual layout compared to the provisions of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation Regulation No. PR 21 of 2023 concerning Technical and Operational Standards for Civil Aviation Safety Regulations. This research also complements EPA management practices at other airports in Indonesia, to provide a constructive comparative perspective. The study results indicate that the current management of the EPA at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is not optimal. The main problems identified include irregular parking of GSE vehicles, the absence of zoning based on vehicle type, minimal markings, and a weak monitoring system due to limited personnel. As a result, congestion often occurs on GSE operational routes, which can disrupt the smooth operation of ground handling services. Based on these findings, proposed improvements include redesigning the EPA layout based on vehicle classification, installing signs and vehicle flow maps in strategic areas, and implementing an integrated technology-based monitoring system such as CCTV and digital access control.

This research examines the financial performance of PT Astra International Tbk during the period 2020-2023 through comprehensive profitability ratio analysis. The study employs multiple financial metrics including Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), and Operating Profit Margin (OPM) to evaluate the company's operational efficiency and profitability. Through quantitative analysis with a descriptive approach, this study reveals that PT Astra International demonstrated resilient financial performance despite challenging market conditions. The findings indicate average ROA of 8.05%, suggesting moderate asset utilization efficiency. The company maintained a healthy ROE averaging 13.92%, though below industry benchmarks, while achieving a stable GPM of 22.6% and OPM of 15.06%, reflecting effective cost management and operational efficiency. These results provide valuable insights for stakeholders and contribute to understanding the automotive sector's financial dynamics in Indonesia.

In facing the changes that occur, companies have difficulty following new regulations because of differences with previous regulations. Companies must be able to optimize functions in all parts of the company organization in order to maintain long-term competitiveness and achieve sustainable success. These rules are formed in standard operational procedures which contain operational procedures to ensure consistency, efficiency, minimize errors and safety in every work activity in the company so that it can run effectively and efficiently. This research aims to know the procedures for creating a Work Procedure System at PT Kilang Pertamina International Refinery Unit V Balikpapan and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in the procedure for creating a Work Procedure System. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The technique used in this research involved conducting interviews, observation and documentation supported by 2 informants. Based on the results of this research, the procedure for creating a Work System at PT Kilang Pertamina International Refinery Unit V Balikpapan consist of eight structured stages, starting from preparation to the implementation below 1%. The suggestions provided to maximize performance emphasize the importance of effective communication and management commitment to overcoming obstacles in the creation of the Work System at PT Kilang Pertamina International Refinery Unit V Balikpapan.

One of the fishing tools that is widely used by fishermen in the Pati waters of Central Java is the gill net. This tool has relatively higher productivity and efficiency compared to several other fishing tools because it can catch large numbers of fish when operated. It is one of the fishing tools that is environmentally friendly and popular to use because its operation is not too complicated and is good for development. The purpose of this Field Work Practice is to determine the effect of operational time of gill net fishing equipment on mackerel fish catches in. This Field Work Practice also aims to determine gill net operational times for mackerel fish catches. Data was obtained by conducting experiments from two different treatments, each treatment was repeated 16 times to obtain a total of 32 data. The research method used is the experimental fishing method using t-test analysis, homogeneity test, normality test.  The results of the T-test on 16 repetitions at 07.00-10.00 WIB and 15.00-18.00 WIB were with an average amount of 205.7 kg and 244.4 kg so that a sign (2-tailed) result of 0.004 < 0.05 could be obtained. From the results of the T-test, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that there is an average difference between the results of tagkapan at 07.00-10.00 WIB and 15.00-18.00 WIB which is influenced by several factors. So it can be concluded that differences in gill net operational times have an effect on mackerel fish. The fishing operation time of 15.00-18.00 WIB is the best operational time compared to 07.00-10.00 WIB which is caused by oceanographic factors, technical factors and natural factors.

This research effort aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the fiscal performance of Pasuruan Regency from 2018 to 2023 and to evaluate the efficiency of regional budget management. The results of the decentralization ratio calculation get an average of 20.92% with a sufficient performance. The results of the calculation of the expenditure growth ratio got an average of 3.45% with poor performance. The ratio of operational expenditure to capital expenditure received an average of 65.36% with good performance. The ratio of capital expenditure to total expenditure got an average of 13.16% with good performance. The ratio of direct and indirect spending to total spending has poor performance results. The tax effectiveness ratio got an average of 97.50% with quite effective performance. The results of this study are expected to be an input for the Pasuruan Regency government which aims to improve budget efficiency and strengthen regional financial autonomy.

The apparel industry in Chengdu is transforming significantly due to integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This evolution aims to enhance consumer satisfaction by providing personalized shopping experiences, improving inventory management, and streamlining the supply chain. AI-driven algorithms analyze consumer behavior and preferences, allowing retailers to create tailored recommendations that align with individual tastes. Additionally, AI tools enable efficient inventory management by predicting trends and consumer demand, which helps reduce instances of overstock and stockouts. This optimization improves operational efficiency and ensures customers can find their desired products when visiting stores or online. This study was conducted through an online questionnaire distributed to 376 Chengdu participants to measure their attitudes toward AI improvement in the apparel industry. The findings underscore that innovative technology, perceived information quality, and perceived customization correlate with consumer satisfaction in AI experience improvement.    

The success of operational management at an airport is highly dependent on the performance and discipline of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers (Nurifi, 2024). AMC officers are required to be able to carry out high discipline, considering the many safety procedures that must be followed in order to avoid potential risks and incidents, because this affects the effectiveness of work and also the efficiency of airport officers, namely Apron Movement Control (AMC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an influence of work discipline on the effectiveness of the work of Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and how much influence it has. This study uses a quantitative approach. The location of the research was carried out at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Benda District, Tangerang City and Kosambi, Tangerang, Banten. With a research period of August 2024 to February 2025. In this study, all Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers at Terminal 3 of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, totaling 19 people, will be used as respondents by filling out the questionnaire provided. Based on the results of the research and analysis that have been conducted, it can be concluded that work discipline has a significant influence with a contribution of 75.9%. Meanwhile, the remaining 24.1% is influenced by other factors that were not analyzed in this study. This influence is proven by the coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.759, which shows that work discipline contributes 75.9% to the effectiveness of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.

Digital transformation has become a key driver of business competitiveness in the modern economy. This study explores how companies leverage digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and cloud computing to improve operational efficiency and customer engagement. By analyzing case studies of leading global firms, the research highlights best practices and challenges in digital adoption. The findings suggest that businesses that embrace digital transformation gain a strategic advantage in an increasingly digitalized marketplace.

Tegalrejo Village, located in Argomulyo District, Salatiga City, has great potential in developing the local economy through the MSME sector. One of the MSMEs that is growing rapidly is Younie Craft, which produces handicraft products. However, this MSME faces various challenges, such as limited marketing, ineffective financial management, and limitations in operational management. For this reason, the Community Empowerment Practical Lecture (KPPM) program was carried out with the aim of providing assistance and solutions to overcome the problems that exist in Younie Craft. This assistance includes digital marketing training, simple bookkeeping, product innovation, and workspace layout arrangement to improve operational efficiency. The method used in this activity involves three stages, namely: (1) Preparation, which includes meetings with MSME owners and location observations; (2) Problem Analysis and Identification, where the team identifies key problems such as digital marketing, bookkeeping, product innovation, and layout arrangement; 3) Implementation, which includes providing solutions in the form of training and assistance in the fields of digital marketing, bookkeeping, product innovation, and layout arrangement. The results of this activity show significant improvements in terms of marketing through digital platforms, more structured financial management, and increased product quality and workspace efficiency. With this program, Younie Craft UMKM can increase competitiveness, expand the market, and make a positive contribution to the local economy in Tegalrejo Village.  

Technological advancements encourage the culinary business sector to adopt digital systems to improve operational efficiency. One such innovation is a desktop-based food ordering application. Mona Cafe in Medan developed this system to make it easier for customers to place orders without waiting long or writing them down manually. This application allows customers to select menus digitally, making the ordering process more practical and efficient. Additionally, it helps waiters record and manage orders more systematically, reducing errors and speeding up service. This technology also aligns with the digitalization trend, especially in attracting millennials and Gen Z. Besides enhancing customer convenience, this application helps Mona Cafe stay competitive in the growing culinary business. Developed using the waterfall method, the system makes cafe operations more structured and professional. With this innovation, Mona Cafe is expected to improve its service quality and customer satisfaction

The advent of autonomous shipping is poised to revolutionize global maritime transport by enhancing efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This study investigates the current state and future prospects of autonomous vessels in the shipping industry. The primary objective is to analyze the technological advancements, regulatory challenges, and economic implications associated with the integration of autonomous ships. A mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research, was employed, including a review of relevant literature and case studies of existing autonomous shipping projects. The findings reveal that while autonomous ships offer significant benefits such as reduced operational costs, lower emissions, and fewer human errors, there are challenges related to legal frameworks, cybersecurity, and public acceptance. The implications of this research highlight the need for international cooperation and the development of new regulations to support the widespread adoption of autonomous shipping technologies. This transformation could lead to a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective global maritime transport system.

The shipping industry plays a crucial role in global trade, but it also significantly contributes to environmental degradation, particularly through emissions and fuel consumption. This research aims to explore sustainable transport practices in the shipping sector, focusing on the management of emissions and efforts to reduce environmental impacts. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to analyze existing literature, case studies, and data from shipping companies implementing sustainable practices. The findings highlight the potential of alternative fuels, emission-reducing technologies, and operational efficiency improvements in mitigating the sector's environmental footprint. Additionally, the research explores the regulatory frameworks and incentives that drive sustainability in shipping. The study underscores the importance of collaboration among industry stakeholders and policymakers to achieve long-term environmental goals. The implications of the findings provide valuable insights for shipping companies, environmental advocates, and policymakers aiming to advance sustainability in maritime transport.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly transformed the shipping logistics and supply chain management sectors. This study explores the impact of digitalization on these industries, focusing on the integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The primary objective of this research is to analyze how digital tools enhance operational efficiency, reduce costs, and improve decision-making in logistics and supply chain operations. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, including case studies and surveys, the study identifies key trends and challenges faced by organizations adopting these technologies. Findings reveal that digitalization leads to improved transparency, real-time tracking, and enhanced collaboration across the supply chain. However, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, high implementation costs, and the need for skilled labor remain significant. The implications of these findings suggest that while digital transformation offers considerable benefits, organizations must carefully manage the transition to ensure sustainability and long-term success.

ABSTRACT The implementation of Information Technology at XYZ Hospital serves as a key driver in enhancing the efficiency of healthcare services, but it also raises the organization’s vulnerability to significant operational risks. The primary risks identified involve inaccurate data resulting from human mistakes, breakdowns in system interoperability, and the deterioration of hardware infrastructure that may interfere with patient care. This research seeks to assess the governance of IT risk management and determine the organization’s capability level using the COBIT 5.0 framework, focusing on the APO12 (Manage Risk) domain. The study employs qualitative methods, gathering information through interviews and direct observations, and then conducts a gap analysis to compare the current state (As-Is) with the desired future state (To-Be). Findings show that the organization’s capability is currently at Level 2 (Managed Process) with a score of 1.87, which is still below the intended maturity level of 3 (Established Process) at 2.94. These results indicate that risk management activities are still largely reactive and rely on intuition, with no standardized procedures embedded within the institution. Ultimately, the study suggests formalizing a Risk Register, standardizing mitigation procedures through established SOPs, and developing a Disaster Recovery Plan to strengthen risk governance into a more systematic, preventive, and resilient framework.