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Legal protection and human rights for workers are basic rights guaranteed by the constitution. The impact of the development of information technology through online buying and selling has created new jobs such as expedited couriers. However, the lack of protection, especially regarding Occupational Safety and Health (OHS), creates inequality of rights for expedition courier workers. This research aims to explore the legal protection arrangements, especially in the aspect of OHS, for expedition courier workers, with reference to the principles of Pancasila justice. The research method uses a statutory and conceptual approach, with the collection of legal materials through literature studies with legal material analysis techniques used in this legal research is deduction reasoning. The principles of Pancasila justice require regulation in accordance with the values of Pancasila. The lack of regulations covering OHS for couriers results in inequality of rights and frequent work accidents. Therefore, revision of the Occupational Safety regulation needs to be carried out by prioritizing the values of Pancasila justice to ensure the safety of workers, including expedition couriers. The government needs to review the Occupational Safety Law to cover new types of work, such as gojek and expedition services, in accordance with the justice values of Pancasila as the Ideology of the Indonesian nation

The globalization that has occurred today has given rise to various changes in human life. The change creates opportunities and challenges, both in education, politics, religion and even socio- culture. To face the opportunities and challenges that human beings are required to increase his resources. Education is the right means, in addition to producing superior human, kratif, caterpillar, diligent, also sustained by to the faith.  

The relationship between traditional Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and modern international human rights norms has long been characterized by debate and tension. Islamic law is commonly perceived as divinely grounded and normatively authoritative, whereas human rights frameworks are often viewed as secular, universal, and rooted in modern legal philosophy. This perceived dichotomy has contributed to the widespread assumption that Sharī‘a and human rights are inherently incompatible, particularly in sensitive areas such as gender equality, freedom of religion, and minority rights. Reassessing this tension is especially important for Muslim-majority societies that must reconcile religious legitimacy with global human rights obligations. This study explores the potential for harmonizing classical Islamic jurisprudence with contemporary human rights norms by identifying shared values, points of divergence, and feasible pathways for integration. Using a qualitative normative legal approach, the research employs doctrinal analysis of primary Islamic legal sources alongside international human rights instruments, supported by comparative analysis of key rights, including the protection of life, religious freedom, and gender equality. Interpretative analysis is applied to examine how classical and contemporary Islamic scholars conceptualize human rights within the Sharī‘a framework. The findings reveal substantial convergence between Islamic law and human rights norms, particularly in their shared emphasis on human dignity, justice, equality, and social welfare. While interpretative tensions persist, they are largely shaped by contextual and institutional factors rather than by the core ethical objectives of Islamic law. Integrative approaches grounded in ijtihad, maṣlaḥa, and maqāṣid al-sharī‘a offer constructive pathways for harmonization.

This research explores the role of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah in modern governance systems, focusing on its application to contemporary issues in Muslim-majority societies. The study examines the challenges posed by traditional Islamic jurisprudence and its rigidity in addressing evolving social, political, and economic conditions. Specifically, it aims to assess how Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah can enhance governance by promoting justice, public welfare, and the protection of rights, as well as offering an adaptable framework for legal reforms. The research employs a comparative literature review and thematic analysis, examining classical and contemporary texts to identify key themes related to the integration of Maqāṣid into governance. The main findings suggest that Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah provides a more flexible and responsive legal framework compared to traditional textual fiqh, especially in the context of modern governance challenges such as human rights, social justice, and public welfare. The study concludes that integrating Maqāṣid principles into contemporary Islamic governance can lead to more equitable and effective systems, enhancing social cohesion, economic stability, and the protection of human rights. Future research could explore specific case studies of Maqāṣid implementation in various governance contexts to further understand its practical applications.

The company as a place for providing employment, requires accepting workers the detention of the employee's original diploma as a guarantee so that employees cannot violate the rules in the company. Withholding of diplomas is a form of human rights violations that are often ignored by job providers. The purpose of writing this study is to determine the role of the government in handling cases of withholding original diplomas carried out by employers and protecting the human rights of employees to recover original diplomas withheld. The need for legal protection for employees who experience diploma withholding. The research method used by the author in this thesis is using normative research methods with literature research which is research on laws and regulations (Statute Approach) and literature or reading materials and obtained experts and scholars (Conceptual Approach) related to the material discussed. Based on research conducted in the results of the study, there are still many entrepreneurs holding diplomas. Although employers and workers enter into an employment agreement that does not include a clause withholding diplomas, but the original diplomas are still withheld on the basis of mutual trust between employers and employees. The actions of employers have been included in human rights violations, this results in employees not being able to apply for jobs elsewhere that are better in accordance with their abilities. There is a conclusion that there is a legal vacuum, there is no specific law prohibiting the withholding of diplomas.

Background: Health is something that is very important for human life. Health and lifestyle are influenced by developments over time. One example is the lack of consumption of foods with fiber to meet daily needs, which causes health problems, namely appendicitis. Appendicitis is a common cause of acute inflammation of the right lower quadrant of the abdominal cavity, which is treated by emergency abdominal surgery. The inflammatory process that occurs in the appendix increases intraluminal pressure which causes the pain to become more severe, generalized or periumbilical and move to the right lower quadrant. One way to deal with pain is by applying the effleurage technique (massage/touch therapy). The aim of this case study is to determine the reduction in pain scale in post-appendectomy patients after effleurage technique therapy (massage/touch therapy). The method used in this case study is case study design with a nursing care process approach. The subjects in this case study were 2 patients, who were obtained from inclusion and exclusion criteria, data collection using the numeric rating scale (NRS). The results of the case study show that the average pain level of the two patients after being given effleurage technique therapy intervention (massage/touch therapy) for 3 days experienced a change from moderate pain to mild pain. The conclusion of this case study shows that there were changes that occurred after the effleurage technique (massage/touch therapy) was given to the 2 patients and they experienced a decrease in the pain scale.

Education fairness being the important thing to note in this nation. The House should not be disabled again getting marginalized place. They have the same right to a decent education ". So the potential they possess could develop with optimal. Every human being is created with all that perfection, then human perfection is not diminished by the lack of a physical condition. This research aims to examine the importance of organized school inclusion, especially the material of Ideal Religious Education for persons with disabilities. Library research methods used over the excavation information from a variety of literature-related education for the disabled. The results show that all schools can be the school inclusion. Of course with increased competence of teachers in designing learning so that it can be accepted by people with diffabilities.

This study aims to assess the impact of the General Intelligence Test (TIU), National Insight Test (TWK), and Personal Characteristics Test (TKP) on the success of the Basic Competency Selection (SKD) for Civil Servant Candidate (CPNS). Using data from participants in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights' SKD selection in 2023, we employed univariate analysis, simple bivariate analysis, and binning methods to comprehend variable relationships. Results reveal non-normal distributions for TIU, TWK, and TKP scores, highlighting the intricate nature of distribution in CPNS selection. While a positive correlation exists between variable values and total SKD score, binning analysis emphasizes TKP competitiveness over TIU and TWK scores. These findings offer practical insights for SKD participants to prepare effectively, with a focus on TIU, TWK, and TKP. Additionally, they contribute to transparency and effectiveness in the CPNS selection process. Further studies are recommended to explore additional factors, like age and gender, for the development of more holistic and accurate selection methods. This research supports enhancements in the adaptive and efficient CPNS SKD selection system.

The background of this research problem is to find out (a) what factors influence the occurrence of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender); (b) the role of the family and church in dealing with LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender); (c) Christian theological views on LGBT. The research was conducted using qualitative research methods, namely interviews and internet sites. Data results obtained through interviews. The research results show: LGBT is a sexual deviation, which cannot be denied, Christians also fall into it. LGBT behavior is an abominable act in the eyes of God. This creates negative things in people's lives and health. Parents play a very important role in educating children, providing correct sex education that is in accordance with God's Word. This LGBT group has the right to repentance in Jesus. Because that is why Jesus came into the world to save humans from sin. The church also has a very important role in providing assistance to LGBT groups.

Every individual bears the responsibility of honoring the rights of others within the context of national and state life. This research aims to illustrate that while exercising their rights and freedoms, individuals are obligated to adhere to legal constraints. This adherence is intended to ensure the acknowledgment and respect for the rights and freedoms of others, as well as to fulfill equitable demands in alignment with moral considerations, security imperatives, and the maintenance of public order within a democratic society. This study employs a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The systematic, factual, and timely data collection is conducted following the research framework and objectives. The findings suggest that the current conceptualization of limitations on human rights may evolve in the future. The crucial question now pertains to how advocates for a shift in thought construction can effectively leverage the constitutional mechanisms available to them.

yayasan Galang Bersama Kami Foundation is an Islamic philanthropic humanitarian organization that is engaged in empowering poor people who use digital marketing as an online medium to attract potential donors to donate. The aim of this research is to find out how important the role of digital marketing is in attracting potential donors to donate to yayasan Galang Bersama Kami Foundation. This research approach uses a qualitative approach, which aims to interpret the data that has been collected, so as to obtain a general and comprehensive picture of the actual situation. Data collection techniques through interviews and observation. The data analysis technique uses interactive data analysis techniques. The results of this research are that digital marketing has the potential to attract potential donors to donate because it is very efficient in disseminating information about what is needed and to whom the donations are distributed. This research emphasizes the important role of the right digital platform to promote programs being run by foundations that are in need of potential donors. Using company digital marketing can increase trust and attract potential donors to donate to yayasan Galang Bersama Kami Foundation by using elements in digital marketing such as content marketing, social media, websites, digital advertising, CRM systems.

In our life, to choose what is good and to act rightly always required human freedom. Human freedom must be created peace and justice in order to open mind and heard for the common good for all.  All people of God are witness for social justice teaching support for beautiful and meaningful life such as appreciation for the human person dignity’s, awareness of equality, equal participation, and human solidarity. This research use a qualitative method through a literature study in order to acquire data and discover the problem more profoundly. Researchers believe that the successful process of internalizing ethics aims to make life, not just a life that lasts from time to time, but a life that is organized regularly and ultimately reaches the aim of life. This research will answer the “question” is virtue ethics necessary or only an accessory for human beings’ life.  Then, researchers will go further to describe the important values or practices of virtue ethics in daily life. Finally, this research proposes the practical implication based on the critical reflection and suggestion. This implication is an indication for every person to believe that the process of internalizing Ethics is an important way of life.

Gender inequality, sexual violence, domestic violence, trafficking in women, and wartime exploitation are some of the many human rights violations that occur. With the advancement of information technology and globalization, the use of violence has changed and evolved. Revenge pornography, also known as "revenge porn", is combined with direct acts of violence.    The purpose of this research is to find out what causes revenge pornography and how legal protection can be given to its victims. This research uses normative research that uses legislation to examine a study by examining theories, concepts. Some of the causes of revenge pornography crimes are as follows: Ineffective laws, the patriarchal culture that still exists in Indonesian society, lack of sexual education, law enforcement that has not run properly, and handling victims who often backfire. The state is responsible for protecting victims of sexual harassment. Several existing laws protect victims of pornographic abuse.

This research aims to explore the ethical dimensions in the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with a focus on its social and moral implications. The research method involves a literature review to gain a profound understanding of the social and moral impact arising from AI development. Analysis is conducted on various literature sources, including articles, books, and AI-related ethical initiatives. The Future of Life Institute highlights the significant potential of artificial intelligence across various sectors but also underscores significant ethical challenges. This initiative requires careful understanding and handling to ensure that AI development aligns with moral and social values. Ethical issues related to unfair compensation for workers in the 'mechanical turk' industry and the impact of technology companies on human rights and democracy are identified. Furthermore, the research describes ethical issues in the use of personal data to train AI models, emphasizing individual rights regarding trained models and the protection of data subject identities. Additionally, the relationship between humans and robots raises ethical questions about their influence on human values and the potential for violent impacts. This exploration also discusses AI-related ethical initiatives emphasizing human rights, well-being, accountability, and transparency. The Ethically Aligned Design Guidelines from IEEE serve as a primary reference, emphasizing the need for AI development based on ethical principles and human rights. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of awareness regarding the social and moral implications in AI development. Moral principles such as openness, accountability, justice, security, and freedom serve as guiding principles to ensure that AI provides positive benefits without sacrificing human values.

This research is intended to find out (1) whether recording a film using a video camera and uploading it via Instagram story in the cinema constitutes a copyright violation. (2) what are the legal consequences of violations of film recording using a video camera in a cinema that is uploaded and distributed on social media Instagram stories? This research uses a type of normative legal research with a statutory approach, conceptual approach and case approach. The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The primary legal materials in this research are legal materials of an authoritative nature such as statutory regulations, court decisions, and treatises, as well as official state documents. Meanwhile, secondary legal materials consist of books, scientific articles and other sources that are considered relevant to the research to be conducted. The results of the research show, firstly, that the act of recording film scenes by members of the public in a cinema, which in turn is uploaded to social media, cannot necessarily be classified as a criminal offence, on the grounds that the elements of this criminal act cannot be fulfilled. On the other hand, the community's intention to violate economic rights for commercial purposes must be fulfilled first to determine the action as a criminal offense. Second, legal protection by the government, in this case the Directorate General of Intellectual Property at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia for creators or rights holders, can be done in two ways: the first is by instilling a sense of awareness in the community, and the second is by creating a legal protection policy ( new legal protection policy) by revising the Law on Copyright.

Man is a creature given reason by God who works to distinguish between the right and the wrong. The ability of the mind is strongly influenced by the knowledge and experience experienced by each individual. In order to maximize these abilities, human beings must obtain quality education. A quality education can be obtained if the teaching process is done well. In this process, to be able to know whether the educational process is going well or not it can be seen from the assessment and evaluation stages. So from that, this article was compiled to give a brief overview of assessment and evaluation in social science education.

Human Rights (HAM) are basically rights that every human being has and have the right to enjoy because human rights are rights inherent in humans and are the most basic rights and without exception. Likewise, people with disabilities have the same rights, obligations and position as humans in general. Social work is a helping profession that provides insight into other people through continuous verbal or non-verbal interaction with clients. This research uses a qualitative type with a single case study approach. This research aims to determine the role of social workers as consular officers for people with disabilities. This research shows that social workers in dealing with disabilities act as motivators, counselors, liaisons or informers, liaisons, advocates and facilitators.    

Good Corporate Governance is the most well-known principle in the world for maintaining the integrity of world organizations. Almost all international locations in all countries adhere to the foundation of building responsibility and openness. Unfortunately, in its application, GCG does not explain the values ​​of stakeholders. The study aims to reconstruct GCG (OECD version) and look for a more appropriate Sharia Concept. Of course, this will provide a solution to the problem itself. After analyzing the values ​​and character of SET, we built a modern GCG positioned on Islamic concepts. These concepts are; One; deeper sympathy from stakeholders, second; principles regarding stakeholder rights: third, equality in stakeholder behavior, fourth, the principle of openness, finally, regarding corporate accountability.Weak GCG practices in Indonesia are caused by the low level of protection for investors, law enforcement, transparency and ineffective public company audit committees. This condition strongly encourages the need for effective and efficient global corporate governance. Islamic Corporate Governance The Islamic perspective lies in the Islamic Company Theory which has greater concern for wider stakeholders which include God, humans and nature. The difference in goals between conventional Corporate Governance and Sharia GCG which tends to adhere to Sharia Enterprise Theory (SET). SET equates material and spiritual values. This shows that Sharia GCG does not only achieve material benefits, but also spiritual values. SET also equates egoistic values ​​with altruistic values, which in Islamic law are realized in the form of worship.

This research aims to determine the role of HR management at PT Freight Express Surabaya Makassar Branch. This research uses qualitative research by looking at the role of human resource management at PT Freight Express Surabaya Makassar Branch. And for data analysis used, namely reviewing the data, reducing the data, compiling the reduced data, presenting the data and checking the validity of the data and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the role of HR Management in improving employee performance is to direct and control all employees so that they are effective in carrying out work by evaluating employee performance and ensuring that each employee carries out the duties and responsibilities according to their job and the management carries out job training to improve skills and performance assessment in human resource procurement. The efforts that have had a positive impact on employees that have been carried out by management are fulfilling employee rights by providing compensation and job training to improve skills and increase career paths as well as providing performance targets for each employee.

The aim of this research is to explore how Law Number 11 of 2012 regulates the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and how juvenile criminal responsibility is regulated in the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. By applying normative juridical research methods, it can be concluded as follows: 1. The Juvenile Criminal Justice System aims to achieve practical progress in efforts to optimally protect children, who are considered valuable assets for the future of the nation and state. Legal protection for children is defined as legal protection measures for various freedoms and human rights of children, as well as interests related to their welfare. 2. Criminal liability for minors who are involved in violating the law in accordance with the provisions regulated in the Criminal Code and Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Children who are involved in criminal acts can still be held accountable, subject to criminal threats determined by the Criminal Code. The penalty for children is set at half the maximum penalty imposed on adults. It is important to note that life sentences and the death penalty are not applied to children in this context