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The purpose of this research is to find out the History and Impact of the Tabuk War: An In-depth Analysis of the Border Conflict in Historical and Humanitarian Perspective. The Battle of Tabuk marked a monumental event in Islamic history in 630 AD. The research approach in this Literature Review study is one type of qualitative research method in which research is conducted in libraries through the collection of books, documents, archives, and other types. This war had a significant impact in Islamic history, both in terms of politics and military. The impacts include strengthening the position of Islam in Arabia, increasing the autonomy of Arab tribes, and asserting Islamic rule over the surrounding territories. In humanitarian terms, the war also demonstrated the importance of diplomacy in resolving conflicts, and provided lessons on the importance of peace and justice in relations between nations.

Islam and Karl Max are an interesting topic in Indonesia. Apart from the majority of Indonesia's population being Muslim, there are also gaps and gaps in the economic sector. The aim of this article is to re-present the line of thought regarding the relationship between Islam and Karl Marx so that it can be viewed in a more balanced manner. This research methodology is descriptive and qualitative with a historical approach. Research shows that Islam has very different foundations from Marx's ideas, but both aim to create a social order that is just and free from class oppression. However, Islam still recognizes the different potential that exists in every human being. On the other hand, in Marx's view, the difference between people in countries that accumulate money lies in their control of the factors of production.

Christian leadership is leadership that needs to be done well based on biblical evidence. A Christian leader cannot be called a Christian leader if he does not live according to his foundation, which is the Bible. One of the things that makes Christian leadership good and authentic is that Christian leaders must lead by being guided by previous leaders as recorded in the Bible. David led the Israelites well in his day because he was an obedient leader and obeyed the God who sent him. The research method used in this article is critical historical interpretation by comparing current forms of Christian leadership, which are often not in line with what Christian leaders should be doing. Therefore, through this article, I hope that leaders can become leaders who are useful to the people and to God. By following this form of David-like leadership, you will be able to produce good leadership and create prosperity among God's people.

The existence of religion is an important part of a person's life, because it has sacred value and opens the mind to solve life's problems. Currently, diverse human personalities believe in faith and trust which is practiced every day as proof that they have a God who provides a better life and a fully realized leader for humanity. Islamic civilization is a journey towards the ability of Muslims to accept and understand their own development. Islam is a religion that has a big influence on the lives of society 5.0. The main issue is how Islam can form solutions to problems towards Islamic progress based on the level of technological development and human resource development in society in the 5.0 era. Therefore, according to this source, we can understand that Islamic civilization was formed primarily for the implementation of processes in the fields of science, society and culture as an example of the progress of Islamic society towards the teaching of the Islamic religion and its use. technology. Accepting the universal values ​​of Islamic civilization, the grace of the universe, beyond time and place, three pillars are built, namely faith, obedience and sincerity (akhlak/sufism) through technological developments in the era of Society 5.0. Therefore, in the era of modernization, it is important to revive Islamic values ​​in education. It is hoped that it will be able to give birth to a generation with commendable morals and excellence in science and technology, so that it can prepare to face the era of society 5.0. The research method uses a method (library research) by collecting several literature related to the problems and objectives of the research. Data collection on the results of previous research is used as a benchmark to support data in research on the transformation of historical values ​​of Islamic civilization during society 5.0.

The existence of religion is an important part of a person's life, because it has sacred value and opens the mind to solve life's problems. Currently, diverse human personalities believe in faith and trust which is practiced every day as proof that they have a God who provides a better life and a fully realized leader for humanity. Islamic civilization is a journey towards the ability of Muslims to accept and understand their own development. Islam is a religion that has a big influence on the lives of society 5.0. The main issue is how Islam can form solutions to problems towards Islamic progress based on the level of technological development and human resource development in society in the 5.0 era. Therefore, according to this source, we can understand that Islamic civilization was formed primarily for the implementation of processes in the fields of science, society and culture as an example of the progress of Islamic society towards the teaching of the Islamic religion and its use. technology. Accepting the universal values ​​of Islamic civilization, the grace of the universe, beyond time and place, three pillars are built, namely faith, obedience and sincerity (akhlak/sufism) through technological developments in the era of Society 5.0. Therefore, in the era of modernization, it is important to revive Islamic values ​​in education. It is hoped that it will be able to give birth to a generation with commendable morals and excellence in science and technology, so that it can prepare to face the era of society 5.0. The research method uses a method (library research) by collecting several literature related to the problems and objectives of the research. Data collection on the results of previous research is used as a benchmark to support data in research on the transformation of historical values ​​of Islamic civilization during society 5.0.

The purpose of this discussion is to find out the thoughts of educational sociologists Emile Durkheim, Aguste Comte, Max Weber, Karl Max, and George Simmel regarding Islamic education. This discussion uses the library research method using data sources from journals and books related to the discussion theme. The research results showed that educational sociology figures such as Emile Durkheim, Aguste Comte, Max Weber, Karl Max, and George Simmel were sociological figures from the classical era. Emile Durkheim pioneered the development of sociology through research on societal institutions and social processes as well as his thoughts on Islamic education. Aguste Comte stated that sociology must be based on observation, comparison, experiments and historical methods. Max Weber, he introduced the vestehen (understanding) approach, which consists of exploring the values, beliefs, goals and attitudes that guide people's behavior which gives rise to social behavior. Karl Max stated that sociology can be used as a weapon to liberate society from the capitalist system so that a classless society can be achieved, and according to George Simmel society is a process that is ongoing and continuously developing. So, the thoughts of sociological figures regarding education are that schools cannot be separated from society, cooperation between schools and community figures needs to be formed, the child socialization process needs to be improved so that children are able to grow and develop in society.

Museums play a central role in maintaining, preserving, and teaching cultural heritage to the public. This article discusses the important role of museums as cultural institutions that have the responsibility of preserving and presenting cultural heritage for future generations. Museums are not only repositories of historical artifacts, art, and knowledge, but also educational centers that provide in-depth insights into history, art, and culture.This article discusses two main aspects of the museum's role: preservation and education. First, museums function as custodians of cultural heritage by collecting, caring for and preserving historical artifacts and objects. Thus, museums become a bulwark against the loss of cultural and historical identity. Second, museums as educational institutions provide opportunities for the public to gain in-depth knowledge about various aspects of human life through exhibitions, educational programs, and interactive activities.

The purpose of this study is to tell the folklore of Dua Hale and the meaning contained therein in Natakoli village, Mapitara district, Sikka regancy.The researcher used qualitative method. Data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interview and documentation.Based on the results of the study, Dua Hale folklore is one of the folklore that is, abandoned and forgotten by the surrounding community. it was found too that cultural meaning in folklore of Dua Hale are: Didactic meanings In folklore the didactic meaning is implied in the form of educational and teaching values society about how to be ethical and etiquette in context social life.There are several meanings implied in the didactic meaning namely: responsibility, willing to sacrifice, courage,and customary law. The historical meaning in folklore, historical meaning is also revealed which is reflected in two parameters general history, namely the time and place contained in the folklore in question. Regarding the time parameter, it is said that folklore takes place in the past and the historical meaning of place names in the story that are still relevant today at the moment, utan welak and hegin and economic meaning. The economic meaning of folklore is reflected in the disclosure or relevant information the economic system of society in which some of the main sources of livelihood are farming and fishing.

This research aims to find out the meaning of the names of streets in Tasikmalaya City and analyze the historical value of these street names. This research uses descriptive research methods and uses library study data collection techniques and documentation techniques. Based on the results of the analysis, there are 30 street name data that have similarities in naming patterns. Apart from that, there are 10 analyzes of the meaning and significance of these roads, including meaning nature, meaning plants, animal names, meaning islands, meaning mountains, meaning deep, meaning organizations, meaning buildings, meaning souvenirs, and finally meaning heroes. This research also analyzes the historical value contained in several street names in Tasikmalaya City, such as Jl. SL. Tobing, Jl. Ir. H. Djuanda, Jl. K.H. Zainal Mustofa, etc.

This research analyzes Karl Marx's critical views on Islamic education management through the perspective of critical sociology and the basic concepts of Marxism. This study aims to analyze Karl Marx's critical views on Islamic education management through the lens of critical sociology. Karl Marx, a critical theorist and adherent of the historical materialist view, has made major contributions to the understanding of social inequality and structural injustice in society. The research method involves a literature study that examines relevant text and literature sources. The research results show that the Marxist view critically identifies issues of inequality, social exclusion, and the influence of capitalism in the management of Islamic education. Although this research provides a valuable theoretical contribution in understanding Islamic education management from a critical sociological perspective, further research and empirical research is still needed to explore its concrete impact. These findings emphasize the importance of considering structural factors and inequality in efforts to increase inclusiveness and justice in the Islamic education system.

This research explores the application of Monte Carlo Simulation in estimating portfolio risk in the Indonesian stock market. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of this method in predicting portfolio return distribution and managing risk compared to traditional methods like Value at Risk (VaR). Data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) were used to analyze stock returns, focusing on sectors such as telecommunications and property. Monte Carlo Simulation was applied to generate multiple scenarios of stock returns based on historical data and probabilistic distributions. The findings show that Monte Carlo Simulation provides a more comprehensive risk estimation, especially for stocks with high volatility and small market capitalization. Unlike VaR, which assumes a normal distribution, Monte Carlo Simulation accounts for extreme risk events and market uncertainties. The study also highlights the importance of diversification, as portfolios with a mix of high and low volatility stocks demonstrate a more stable risk profile. The results suggest that Monte Carlo Simulation is an effective tool for investors looking to manage risk in dynamic market conditions, providing more accurate and reliable estimations compared to traditional risk assessment methods. This research recommends further exploration of Monte Carlo Simulation in other sectors or with varied data for broader applications in risk management.

Kembangkuning Village has potential as a historical attraction. The potential of historical attraction is the Watu Lumpang Site that rarely visited even by the local community. Therefore, the idea to optimize the potential of Kembangkuning Village to become a historical tourism village that will be known by the wider community. The method used in this service activity is descriptive qualitative method with data collection in the field through observation, identification, interviews, and documentation. The result of this community service activity to change the mindset of local people to consider the Watu Lumpang Site as a dangerous place are slowly starting to disappear. This is proven by the event of area cleanup activities with local residents after this activity was carried out.

This article deeply explores the concept of God's sovereignty flowing to His people through the person of Ezra, focusing on the text of Ezra 1:1-6. This research aims to gain a fuller understanding of how God expresses His sovereignty through Ezra's role in guiding His people. The research methods used include analysis of the biblical text, study of historical studies, and exposure to the cultural context of the time. The findings provide a rich and complex view of Ezra's role as a channel of God's will in restoring and guiding His people.

The "Kolak Ayam" tradition in Gumeno Village is a typical cultural celebration carried out by the village community during the month of Ramadan. This tradition has historical origins close to the reign of King Sunan Dalem of the Giri Kedaton Kingdom and important events that occurred at that time. This tradition begins with the story of Sunan Dalem who fell seriously ill while building a mosque in his village. Through instructions in his dream, Sunan Dalem and the village community created a special food called "Kolak Ayam". Sunan Dalem recovered from his illness after eating this dish, and the tradition became a symbol of healing and celebration for the Gumeno people. This research aims to find out how people believe "Kolak Ayam" can cure diseases. This data collection technique uses interview techniques, observation and literature study. The results of research show that until now "Kolak Ayam" (Sanggring) is believed to be able to cure diseases. People believe that "Kolak Ayam" can cure diseases, this is caused by two things, the first is from the ingredients used to make "Kolak Ayam" which has many benefits, the second comes from Sunan Dalem's blessing and this belief is because in the past Sunan Dalem was cured by eating "Kolak Ayam ", people believed that "chicken compote" could cure the disease.    

This article focuses on the concept of authentic faith in the Christian context, discusses suffering, and explores how faith influences the way an individual confronts life's challenges. Genuine Christian faith is portrayed as a belief that goes beyond the intellectual realm and is reflected in a person's daily actions. The Letter of James emphasizes the importance of facing suffering with joy and how it tests one's faith and endurance. Suffering is described as a test that can examine and strengthen a person's faith. It is seen as a consequence of humanity's fall into sin but is also considered a part of God's salvation plan. Through suffering, God's compassion for humanity is revealed, and suffering becomes an essential element in spiritual growth and maturity. Strong faith, endurance, and patience help transform suffering into happiness. Furthermore, the article delves into the theological perspectives and historical context of the Letter of James, as well as James' efforts to correct misconceptions about the nature of faith that saves a person. Overall, the article provides deep insights into the concept of genuine faith and how faith can impact the way individuals confront challenges and attain true happiness in Christ.

The potential of zakat maal in Islamic economics is that zakat is a fiscal instrument in economic practice that has been used since the Prophet Muhammad SAW, and based on historical records zakat has played a very important role in the income distribution mechanism in the economy. This can be realized if the potential of zakat can truly be explored effectively and efficiently. The potential of zakat maal in improving the welfare of the poor at BAZNAS Padang Lawas is that the potential for zakat increases by 5% - 10% every year. However, looking at the potential for zakat in Padang Lawas Regency and the realization of zakat, infaq and alms collection carried out by BAZNAS, it can be said that its management has reached a fairly good optimal level.    

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in a country's economic growth. Therefore, lending to SMEs is an important element in supporting this sector. This study aims to evaluate bank performance in lending to SMEs, with a focus on efficiency, security and economic impact. This research methodology involves analyzing historical data from a number of banks that are active in supporting SMEs. Data includes the volume of credit disbursed, the interest rate applied, the credit approval process, and the non-performing loan ratio. Apart from that, the economic impact of credit provided to SMEs is also evaluated through business growth, job creation, and contribution to local GDP. The research results show variations in bank performance in lending to SMEs. Certain banks achieve high levels of efficiency in the credit approval and monitoring process, while others may face challenges in managing credit risk. The economic impact of credit to SMEs is positive, with significant business growth and job creation having a positive impact on the local economy.  

The branch of mathematics that studies history is usually known as ethnomathematics, and the concept of ethnomathematics has made a major contribution to improving mathematics learning. It turns out that many cultures cannot be separated from mathematical calculations, including historical buildings that are simple but have many meanings and meanings. So this research was conducted to describe and identify mathematical concepts in Betawi Warehouses in the Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The results of the research show that there is a mathematical concept in the Gudang Betawi house building in the Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village, namely the shape of the Gudang Betawi house which has a rectangular pattern from front to back, there are many philosophies in ornaments that have sizes and shapes, and there are geometric elements found in the building. Betawi Warehouse Houses are like whole numbers in measuring activities, equivalent comparisons in calculating the length of time to build a Warehouse House, there are corners in the building, there are flat geometric elements found in the length, area and perimeter of the building, there is also space geometry which has content and volume , there is a geometric transformation in the ornamental part of the Gudang Betawi house, and there is a congruence of flat shapes that can be seen on the door of the Gudang Betawi house.

This research is a case study research. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Data sources used are events, informants, and documents. Data collection techniques are carried out by direct observation, interviews, and documents. The test of data validity used is source triangulation and method triangulation. The data analysis technique used is flow model data analysis. The results of this study are descriptions of: (1) the characteristics of Papuan accent Indonesian are distinguished based on linguistic and nonlinguistic elements. Linguistic elements include; (a) phoneme replacement; (b) diphthong replacement; (c) phoneme completion; (d) the use of intonation. Nonlinguistic elements are speech events and paralinguistics; (2) factors that influence the emergence of Papuan characteristics Indonesian accents, namely; (a) administrative units; (b) a special sense of community identity; (c) reside in the same geographical area; (d) historical experience; (3) Indonesian Papuan accent has relevance as teaching material for sociolinguistic courses in the Indonesian Education Study Program.

Education is a key element in the development of society and the country. This article examines the development of education in Indonesia with a focus on the background, results and conclusions of the historical journey of education in this country. The development of education in Indonesia has been influenced by a long history, especially the period of Dutch colonialism. Education at that time was limited to the native elite and created inequality in access to education. However, after the proclamation of independence in 1945, education became a top priority in national development, resulting in a significant increase in access to basic education. Nevertheless, educational inequality between urban and rural areas and between islands in Indonesia remains a problem that must be addressed..Educational developments in Indonesia include increasing access to education, diversifying higher education programs, and efforts to integrate local culture in the curriculum. The government has allocated a significant budget for education, modernizing the curriculum and improving the quality of teaching. Education reform also includes teacher training and curriculum updates to face changing times. However, there are still challenges in educational governance, unequal access to education, and integrating technology in the learning process. The development of education in Indonesia reflects a journey full of challenges and significant changes. While there has been progress in terms of access and cultural integration efforts, challenges such as educational inequality, complex governance, and technology integration still need to be addressed. Quality education remains a priority, with the hope that continued efforts will ensure that education in Indonesia meets high quality standards and is relevant to face a challenging future. Keywords: Education, Indonesia, History