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Illegal fishing is a form of maritime crime that threatens the sustainability of marine resources and causes significant economic losses for the country, particularly for coastal communities such as those in Natuna Regency. This activity not only harms the fisheries sector but also impacts food security, social stability, and the marine ecosystem. This study aims to examine in depth the surveillance strategy implemented by the Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla) in combating illegal fishing practices in Natuna waters. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews and analysis of Bakamla's strategic documents. The theoretical framework used refers to the concept of strategy according to Fred R. David (2016), which includes strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the study indicate that Bakamla has formulated a surveillance strategy by relying on 24-hour sea patrols, utilizing technologies such as the Automatic Identification Sistem (AIS), radio communications, and satellites, and establishing cross-agency collaboration including the Indonesian Navy, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, and local government officials. The strategy was implemented through rotating patrols, outreach activities for fishermen and coastal communities, and the establishment of a public reporting channel to facilitate the dissemination of information regarding illegal activities. However, the implementation of this strategy still faces obstacles, including limited operational budgets, inadequate patrol fleets, and suboptimal response to public reports. Evaluation of the monitoring strategy showed positive impacts in the form of increased public awareness and participation, as well as a decrease in cases of fish theft in several vulnerable areas. However, the level of public involvement in reporting and independent monitoring still needs to be increased so that the monitoring strategy can be more effective and sustainable in safeguarding the sovereignty of Indonesia's marine resources.  

This research aims to analyze the factors causing delays to passenger trains on the Makassar-Pare-Pare route and to provide recommendations to improve travel timeliness. This research uses a qualitative approach with interview methods and literature study to obtain more in-depth data regarding the factors that influence delays. Based on research results, train delays are caused by several factors, including inadequate infrastructure, irregular track maintenance, extreme weather, as well as technical and operational problems. The results of interviews with officers and passengers revealed that a lack of coordination between field officers and the control center was also one of the main causes. This research suggests the need for improvements in planning departure schedules, increasing coordination between related parties, improving rail infrastructure, and managing passenger density. It is hoped that with these recommendations, train delays can be minimized, provide better comfort for passengers, and improve the quality of train services on the Makassar-Pare-Pare route.

In today’s rapidly changing global context, employee motivation has emerged as a strategic issue in human resource management, particularly in sustaining organizational productivity and competitiveness. Developments such as digitalization, economic uncertainty, and workplace transformation have prompted companies to focus more deeply on effective motivational approaches. Recognizing the role of motivation in influencing employee retention, productivity, and operational efficiency, this study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to map key concepts and empirical trends regarding the relationship between employee motivation and organizational performance. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Self-Determination Theory, the study examines major drivers including leadership, compensation, and work-life balance. Findings reveal paradoxes in motivational strategy effectiveness across sectors and highlight research gaps, particularly in cross-industry approaches and integrative synthesis. This study provides valuable contributions for academics and practitioners in designing evidence-based, context-relevant motivation strategies aligned with the dynamics of modern organizations.

This study aims to analyze the influence of working capital management, leverage, and institutional ownership on the profitability of consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period, while also examining company size as a moderating variable. The consumer goods sector, which has a large market potential in Indonesia, makes it essential to understand how these financial aspects affect company performance. Working capital management plays a crucial role in maintaining liquidity and operational efficiency, leverage determines the extent to which companies rely on debt financing, and institutional ownership reflects external monitoring that can drive managerial discipline. Company size is considered a moderating factor that could strengthen or weaken these relationships, especially in influencing profitability levels. Using a quantitative approach, the research findings reveal that each of the main variables—working capital management, leverage, and institutional ownership—partially and significantly affects profitability. More specifically, company size is found to moderate the effect of leverage on profitability, indicating that larger firms may be better positioned to optimize debt usage compared to smaller firms. This study not only provides empirical evidence regarding financial determinants of profitability but also enriches the discussion on how moderating factors such as firm size can influence the dynamics of corporate financial performance. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for stakeholders, including managers seeking to optimize financial policies, investors evaluating company performance, and academics or researchers interested in exploring further implications for corporate governance and financial strategy in emerging markets like Indonesia. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of managing financial variables strategically to sustain profitability in the highly competitive consumer goods industry.

Background: The global energy transition requires low-carbon solutions that can be integrated into existing thermal systems without drastic infrastructure changes. Hydrogen blending in conventional combustion systems has emerged as a promising pathway to reduce carbon emissions while maintaining operational flexibility. Objective: This study aims to experimentally evaluate the effect of hydrogen blending ratios (0–100% by volume) on thermal efficiency, CO₂ emissions, and NOx emissions, and to determine the optimal blending range based on technical and economic feasibility. Methods: An experimental thermal system prototype was developed and tested under controlled conditions with three repetitions per operating point. Performance parameters included combustion temperature, fuel consumption rate, and thermal efficiency, while emissions of CO₂ and NOx were measured using a calibrated gas analyzer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA at a 0.05 significance level, confidence interval estimation, and linear regression to examine the relationship between hydrogen fraction and emission reduction. Results: The findings indicate that increasing hydrogen fraction significantly improves thermal efficiency, reaching 87.5% at 100% hydrogen, while CO₂ emissions decrease linearly to zero. However, NOx emissions increase with higher hydrogen content due to elevated combustion temperatures. Statistical analysis confirms that hydrogen ratio has a significant effect on efficiency and emissions, with a strong linear correlation between hydrogen fraction and CO₂ reduction. A blending range of 40–60% hydrogen provides the most balanced performance in terms of efficiency improvement, emission reduction, and cost feasibility.

Background: Structural Health Monitoring plays a critical role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and sustainability of high performance composite structures used in aerospace, civil infrastructure, and mechanical systems. Conventional externally mounted sensors often face challenges related to environmental interference, maintenance complexity, and long term stability. Objective: This study aims to develop and validate an integrated smart composite monitoring system with embedded sensing capabilities that enhances damage detection accuracy and operational durability under varying mechanical stress conditions. Method: Smart composite specimens were fabricated by embedding fiber optic and piezoelectric sensors within fiber reinforced polymer laminates, followed by tensile, fatigue, and vibration testing. Signal processing techniques including time frequency analysis were applied to extract damage sensitive features, which were then classified using machine learning algorithms to distinguish healthy and damaged structural states. Results: The experimental findings demonstrate high damage detection capability, stable sensor performance under cyclic loading, improved reliability compared to conventional monitoring approaches, and consistent monitoring accuracy throughout the fatigue life of the specimens. The integration of embedded sensing and data driven analytics significantly enhances structural response interpretation and supports predictive maintenance strategies.

Aspects of environmental sanitation and hygiene at the Soda Water Bath tourism object still do not meet operational standards in terms of the environment of the tourist attraction, food and drink and there is a lack of knowledge about environmental hygiene and sanitation at the tourist attraction. This research aims to obtain an overview of the implementation of sanitation facilities in public baths in the Tarutung Soda Water Baths tourist attraction area. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation with data analysis techniques in the form of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research indicate that the management of sanitation facilities at the Tarutung soda water baths is still very poor and needs improvement to ensure environmental cleanliness. The environmental sanitation management techniques implemented by the management start from inadequate planning and maintenance, lack of provision of rubbish bins in the tourist area, lack of cleanliness in the bathroom area resulting in an unpleasant odor in the area near the bath, lack of a special room for changing clothes. for tourists, as well as food sanitation that still does not meet standard food sanitation requirements. The author hopes that the management of the Soda Water Baths tourist attraction can improve the condition of the tourist attraction's sanitation facilities, so that paying attention to cleanliness will create comfort for visitors, because the better the sanitation facilities at a tourist attraction, the higher the level of comfort for tourists.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed fundamental vulnerabilities in global supply chain systems, such as over-reliance on single suppliers and a lack of operational visibility. This has highlighted the urgent need for a new approach to risk management—one that leverages smart technologies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution, thanks to its capabilities in predictive analytics and adaptive, data-driven decision-making in real time. This study aims to develop an AI-based predictive system framework to enhance the resilience of global supply chains in the face of post-pandemic disruptions. Using the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, the research designs and evaluates a system that integrates algorithms such as LSTM, Random Forest, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Reinforcement Learning. It also applies a federated learning approach to ensure data privacy among supply chain partners. The study analyzes over 12,000 data entries from diverse sources, including IoT devices, weather data, demand trends, and social media. The system's effectiveness is evaluated through a combination of quantitative methods (PLS-SEM analysis on 103 respondents) and qualitative methods (interviews with 12 industry executives). The findings show that AI-driven predictive analytics significantly improve supply chain resilience (β = 0.67; p < 0.001), with demand forecasting accuracy increasing by up to 40% and delivery times reduced by 30%. Conceptually, the study contributes by designing a resilient model that integrates real-time visibility, adaptability, and cross-organizational collaborative learning. Unlike traditional approaches focused solely on automation, this framework offers a more holistic solution, addressing key gaps in the literature. The implication is clear: AI is becoming a strategic asset in building sustainable, resilient supply chains amid ongoing global uncertainty.

This community service activity (PKM) aims to improve operational efficiency and service quality at Santosa Catering through the implementation of a web-based catering ordering system. Santosa Catering, as a micro business, faces obstacles in managing orders that are still done manually, which causes inaccurate stock information, delays in delivery, and limited customer access to menus and prices. Through a Diffusion of Science and Technology and Knowledge Transfer approach, a web-based ordering system was developed and implemented to support business operations. The system allows customers to access real-time menu information, place online orders, and choose preferred payment methods, while the owner and staff were given intensive training to effectively operate the system. The evaluation results showed significant improvements in all aspects of assessment, including understanding of system features, operational skills, time efficiency, and customer satisfaction, as shown in the comparison chart of pretest and posttest results. The system not only optimizes operational processes but also increases customer satisfaction, strengthens business competitiveness, and has the potential to become a model for other micro businesses in utilizing digital technology. Thus, this PKM activity is expected to contribute to the sustainability of Santosa Catering's business in the digital era.

PT. Radysa Cosmetic is one of the businesses engaged in the distribution of beauty and cosmetic products such as Make Up, Body Care, and Skincare located in Medan City, Jl.Sisingamaraja, Medan Amplas District. However, it has a problem, namely the lack of access points in and out causing disruption to the efficiency of warehouse operational activities so that there is an increase in the number of customers and couriers who come directly to Radysa Cosmetic to make purchases because there is a spike in orders for goods or purchases at the beginning and twin dates every month. The research method used is qualitative in the form of descriptive, where data is collected through direct observation and research as well as interviews with the warehouse head. The results of this study indicate that by implementing the utilization or addition of access points in and out of the warehouse area, it can realize the optimization of the warehouse layout to increase the efficiency of operational activities in the Radysa Cosmetic warehouse.

This study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming Islamic journalism and digital da’wah by analyzing the ethical challenges posed by algorithmically mediated media. Employing a critical-interpretive approach, the research examines how algorithmic logic impacts the production, visibility, and ethical dimensions of Islamic content on platforms such as YouTube and TikTok. The findings reveal a growing tension between Islamic communication principles—sidq (truth), amanah (trust), and hikmah (wisdom)—and the operational values of AI systems that prioritize virality, personalization, and engagement metrics. This paper contributes to global discourse by proposing a hybrid ethical framework that bridges Islamic communication ethics with digital media accountability. It argues for an integrative model where spiritual integrity, transparency, and justice guide the development and use of AI in Islamic media contexts.  

This study aims to explore the role of casual workers in the operations of four-star hotels, including their tasks, responsibilities, and the challenges they face. The background of this research is based on the lack of recognition for the contributions of casual workers in the hospitality industry, which can affect their motivation and performance. The method used is a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with 20 purposively selected respondents from several four-star hotels in Bandung. The findings indicate that although casual workers play a significant role, they often feel undervalued by management, with only 25% feeling recognized for their contributions. Additionally, 70% of respondents expressed a desire for more training to enhance their skills. The implications of this research highlight the need for hotel management to pay more attention to casual workers, both in terms of recognition and competence development, to improve service quality and guest satisfaction. This study is expected to provide insights for human resource management in the hospitality sector.  

The rapid development of information technology has encouraged Village Credit Institutions (LPDs) to adopt Accounting Information Systems (AIS) as an effort to enhance operational efficiency and effectiveness. However, the implementation of AIS in several LPDs in Abiansemal District still faces various challenges, such as data input errors and lack of system integration. This study aims to analyze the influence of system development formalization, organizational size, user involvement, training and education, as well as personal technical skills on the performance of accounting information systems. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach. The sample consists of 96 respondents, comprising leaders and managers of 32 active LPDs in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency. The data analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination test, F-test, and t-test using SPSS software. The results show that all five independent variables—system development formalization, organizational size, user involvement, training and education, and personal technical skills—have a simultaneous and partial positive and significant influence on the performance of accounting information systems. The coefficient of determination indicates that 55.8% of the variation in AIS performance can be explained by these five variables.

This study aims to analyze the impact of overtime work on physical and mental fatigue of the crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya, by identifying the causal factors and consequences that may arise due to additional working hours. In this study, the researcher will apply a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted by the author on the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya owned by PT Pelayaran Manalagi which is a subsidiary of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines, with the ship call sign "YBTL2" and a total load capacity of 52201 MT. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of this research data used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it explains that the Overtime Pattern: The crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya experienced an average of 4.5 hours of overtime per day, with the Engine Department experiencing the highest overtime (an average of 5.2 hours). Overtime most often occurs during loading and unloading at the port (35%) and when facing bad weather (27%), Physical Impact: Continuous overtime causes significant physical impacts in the form of sleep disturbances (80%), back and waist pain (70%), and muscle pain (60%), Mental Impact: As many as 85% of crew experience moderate to severe mental fatigue due to overtime, with the main symptoms being difficulty concentrating (75%), irritability (65%), and decreased decision-making ability (60%). Safety: There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the duration of overtime and the frequency of safety incidents. The risk of incidents increases by 28% for every additional 2 hours of overtime, Work Performance: Overtime has an impact on decreased work performance, especially in problem-solving skills (45%), compliance with procedures (41%), and effective communication (37%), Overtime Management: The most effective overtime management strategies are task rotation and fatigue management training, but their implementation is still not optimal. Limited number of personnel and operational demands are the main obstacles in minimizing overtime, Regulatory Compliance: Average working hours of MV ship crew. Keywords: Overtime Work, Physical Fatigue, Mental Crew.

Outdoor lighting, such as in community parks, plays a crucial role in supporting community activities at night while enhancing safety and comfort. Unfortunately, traditional electricity usage is often inefficient and has negative environmental impacts due to carbon emissions from fossil fuel-based power plants. This study aims to implement solar panel technology as an environmentally friendly lighting solution in Taman RukunWarga, located in Kelurahan Bendung, Kecamatan Kasemen, Kota Serang. The methods applied in this study include site surveys, assembly of the solar-powered lighting system, and performance analysis after installation. The lighting system consists of a 30 Wp solar panel, a battery (accumulator), a solar charge controller, a 12V 20W DC LED light, and other supporting components. The results show that this system can provide adequate and even lighting for the park area while being energy-efficient. One of the main advantages of this system is its ability to reduce operational costs by using renewable solar energy and requiring minimal maintenance. Additionally, the implementation of this solar-powered lighting system has increased public awareness of the importance of utilizing renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions in the surrounding environment. Overall, the installation of this solar-powered lighting system has proven to be a sustainable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative for meeting lighting needs in community parks. This system not only reduces dependence on fossil fuels but also contributes to efforts to mitigate negative environmental impacts. By utilizing solar energy, this system serves as a positive example of the application of renewable energy technology in daily life, while helping to create a cleaner and healthier environment for the community.

This study is entitled Analysis of Aviobridge Officer Performance During the Peak Season of Lebaran at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of aviobridge officers and what obstacles they face during the peak season of Lebaran. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the performance of aviobridge officers is included in the good category based on five indicators, namely quality, quantity, punctuality, effectiveness, and independence. Obstacles faced during the peak season include increased flight volume, technical problems with the aviobridge system, weak communication signals, limited operational vehicles, and bad weather. However, officers can still carry out their duties professionally and in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOP). This study is expected to be an input for related parties in improving service and operational efficiency, especially during busy periods.

The advancement of information technology has driven companies to adopt technology-based systems to enhance operational efficiency while also increasing the complexity of information security risks. This study aims to analyse risk factors associated with information security assets, identify potential threats, assess risks, and provide mitigation recommendations. The OCTAVE method was applied to identify threats, vulnerabilities, and critical information technology assets, while FMEA was used to determine risk mitigation priorities based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The mitigation recommendations were developed in accordance with ISO 27001:2022 standards. Data collection was conducted through interviews with XYZ company representatives, identifying 34 information security asset risks, including 6 hardware failure potentials, 6 software failure potentials, 14 data failure potentials, 4 human resource failure potentials, and 4 network failure potentials. The risk categorisation results revealed 5 high-level risks, 6 moderate-level risks, 20 low-level risks, and 3 very low-level risks. The mitigation recommendations include three ISO/IEC 27001:2022 clauses: Human Resource Controls, Physical Controls, and Information Technology Controls.

The new student admission process at SD Plus IGM is still carried out manually, which results in data inaccuracies and operational inefficiencies. This study aims to design an integrated enterprise architecture plan using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) methodology to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the student admission process. The research method applied is a qualitative approach through a case study at SD Plus IGM. The findings show that the implementation of TOGAF can align the business, application, data, and technology architecture domains and identify potential risks during the implementation phase. This study provides recommendations for a well-structured and integrated information system plan to support the digital transformation of the student admission process in elementary school settings.

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the work discipline of employees of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Malang Regency during operational hours. Work discipline, which includes compliance with regulations, effective use of time, responsibility, and absence rate, is a key element in improving organizational performance and efficiency. A qualitative approach was used with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and document studies. The results of the study showed that the majority of employees comply with the regulations, but there were several cases of non-compliance and ineffective use of time. In addition, employee responsibility is generally high, although there are still obstacles in completing tasks on time. A good absence rate is an indicator of discipline, but some employees show a high level of absenteeism. The implications of this study include strategic recommendations such as strengthening work rules, time management training, and the use of digital absence technology to improve employee discipline. These findings are expected to help improve overall organizational performance.

This research aims to analyze the availability and quality of facilities and infrastructure at the AIDS Prevention Commission (KPA) in Depok City. KPA, as the institution responsible for HIV/AIDS prevention and control, requires adequate facility support to optimize its performance. Based on observations and preliminary interviews, it was found that KPA Depok City has basic facilities such as a secretariat office, meeting rooms, and office equipment. However, there are still several constraints, including limited space for activities, lack of supporting equipment such as projectors and sound systems, and operational work equipment that is not available at each employee's desk. This research uses a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 25 KPA Depok City staff to get an initial picture of the condition of facilities and infrastructure. The results of this research are expected to serve as a basis for optimizing the use of existing resources and identifying development needs in the future, so that KPA Depok City can increase the effectiveness of its programs in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts.