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The research is concerned with analyzing and measuring the impact of exchange ratechanges and their repercussions on local investment in Iraq during the period (2004-2022), asthe relationship between them is affected by global economic conditions such as high or lowoil prices and demand for the exchange rate internationally, as the response of the investmentsectors in Iraq to changes in the exchange rate varies, as the decline in the exchange rateencourages investment in the export sector and proves investments in the import-dependentsector, unlike its rise, which negatively affects the local economy The authorities are workingto take some measures and procedures such as providing financial support and incentives tosupport projects and thus promote local investment, as well as the political and securityfluctuations in Iraq that affect investor confidence and investment decisions and thus affecteconomic stability, and the relationship between local investment in Iraq and exchange ratechanges is somewhat complicated as they are affected by each other, so the monetaryauthority and investors must understand this relationship and understand its strategies in away that enhances and supports the investment climate in the Iraqi economy, Domesticinvestment and the exchange rate significantly affect the economic relations described in theARDL model , so it is recommended to develop fiscal and monetary economic policies thatsupport domestic investments and improve exchange rate stability to achieve moresustainable economic results.

This study aims to examine and analyze empirically the influence of self esteem and self confidence on psychological well being cervical cancer patient post hysterectomy at RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. The method used in this research is quantitative research while the data collection technique is done through observation, interview and questionnaires. The research design method was cross sectional and the sample size was 100 respondents using accidental sampling technique. The data of this study were collected with self esteem scale, self confidence scale and psychological well being scale with a Likert scale model. Self report technique is used in collecting instrumen data. The data collected was analyzed with a multiple regression test with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program 20.0 for Windows. The results of the research showed the influence of self esteem and self confidence on psychological well being is very significant, so that the level of psychological well being patient can be seen from level self esteem and self confidence. The recomendation from this study is that respondents can maintain and increase self esteem and self confidence to improve psychological well being.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the BKI student community service program on female students at the North Asrama An-Nahdhoh Putri Islamic Boarding School, with a focus on improving mental health, practical skills, and social networks. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with a descriptive type, which collects data through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the community service program has succeeded in increasing female students' self-confidence, stress management skills, and better social relationships. In addition, extracurricular activities carried out every week have contributed significantly to the development of their practical skills. These findings emphasize the importance of community service programs in supporting the self-development of female students and creating a positive learning environment.

Catholic youth are the important future of the church. Teenagers also have a role in continuing the goals and ideals of the nation and state in the future. This research aims to increase the participation of Catholic teenagers in liturgical services at the Sacred Heart of Jesus Margomulyo Station through a structured training program. The methods used include observation and practical training regarding liturgical tools, lectors and acolyte duties. This training runs from January to June 2024 and involves Catholic teenagers in order to improve their understanding and skills in the liturgy. The research results showed an increase in understanding, self-confidence, and involvement of teenagers in church activities. This training not only strengthens their faith but also encourages a generation of Catholic teenagers to be more active in the church community. It is hoped that this program can become a model for other churches to increase youth involvement in liturgical activities.

International conflicts significantly impact maritime tourism development in Southeast Asia, a region rich in natural marine beauty and essential to the regional economy. Destructive international disputes, including geopolitical tensions and naval security threats, can significantly disrupt the regional stability on which tourism is built. Although maritime tourism in Southeast Asia continues to show post-pandemic growth, conflict risk remains a significant challenge that could affect traveler confidence and hinder the sector's contribution to regional GDP. The impact of international conflicts on the development of maritime tourism in Southeast Asia is analyzed in this research using a qualitative approach and literature study method. Journals, articles, and reports were reviewed to understand how geopolitical tensions and maritime security threats affect the tourism sector. The study utilizes conflict theory to explain the dynamics of conflict escalation and the application of resolution efforts in this context. Therefore, the potential disruption of maritime tourism development by ongoing conflicts in the Southeast Asian region is highlighted. The sustainability of the industry relies on security stability, and regional cooperation is crucial in mitigating the negative impact of conflict on the economic sector.

The study aims to measure the information content of the accounting profits of banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, as the sample included 10 banks for a period of 4 years (2016-2019). The study concluded that banks that have a high explanatory ability reflect greater stability in the stock price, which would reassure Investors and stakeholders, thus reducing dispersion and fluctuations in the stock price, while banks with weak explanatory power show higher volatility in the stock price, which indicates additional risks that increase the fluctuation in investor returns, and the influencing factors have a major role in enhancing or reducing the information content of profits. Which explains the discrepancy between banks, and the study recommended the need to enhance the quality of financial disclosure, especially banks with weak explanatory capacity, increase transparency, and work to enhance the informational content of profits, which in turn increases investors’ confidence in accounting information, as well as encouraging banks to strengthen their internal control systems, which helps in Reducing accounting errors and the accuracy of declared profits, thus stabilizing the share price. Strengthening the administrative capabilities of executive managers contributes significantly to enhancing the informational content of profits by allocating the company’s available resources efficiently and effectively.

Verbal abuse is a form of social violence that frequently occurs at home and in schools. This type of abuse includes mocking, insults, or degrading words often directed at children. This study aims to understand how verbal abuse impacts children’s mental development and self-confidence. By reviewing various related studies, the findings show that children who frequently experience verbal abuse tend to face mental health issues, such as low self-esteem, anxiety, and even depression. Additionally, they often lack self-confidence, which can affect their ability to interact with others and cope with life’s challenges. In conclusion, verbal abuse has a serious impact on children’s mental development and self-confidence, highlighting the need for preventive measures and support from family and community to create a safe environment that positively supports children’s growth and well-being.

The still high population growth is one of the polemics that occurs in Indonesia, so that Indonesia is still called a developing country. Therefore, the government's effort to suppress population growth is by establishing the Family Planning Family Planning program. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of 3-month birth control injections on increasing body weight at the Family Planning Extension Center in Parpaudangan Village, North Labuhan Batu in 2023. This research is quantitative with a case control research design carried out at the Parpaudangan Family Planning Extension Center. The population in this study was 35 mothers who came to visit the family planning extension center. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. In this research, the instruments used were primary data and secondary data as well as bivariate analysis using the Chi Square test with a confidence level of 95%. In conclusion, the statistical test results show an OR (Odds Ratio) of 2.310 with calculated X2 (2.089) < X2 Table (3.841) or p (0.148) > α (0.050) and CI (0.872; 6.118). The results of this research show that 3-month contraceptive injections are not a significant factor as the main cause of weight gain, but acceptors of 3-month contraceptive injections are likely to experience weight gain 2 times greater than non-acceptors of 3-month contraceptives, at the Parpaudangan village family planning extension center in 2023 .    

This research aims to analyze the influence of inclusive education at Early Childhood Education (PAUD) institutions on the socialization abilities and character development of early childhood at TKIT IBU HARAPAN. Inclusive education allows children with special needs to learn together with other children in the same environment, so that social interaction and character formation can develop in an inclusive atmosphere. This research uses a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. Through observations, researchers recorded interactions between children in inclusive classes, especially seeing how children with special needs behaved and were accepted in the group. In-depth interviews were conducted with teachers, teaching staff, and parents to gain perspectives on the influence of inclusive education on children's socialization and character, as well as the challenges and successes they experienced. Documentation includes daily activity records, progress reports, and evaluation of the school's inclusion program to understand the overall changes that have occurred. The research results show that inclusive education has a significant positive impact on early childhood socialization abilities, including increasing the ability to share, cooperate and empathize with peers. Children learn to appreciate differences and develop empathy by helping friends in need. Inclusive education has also been proven to support the development of children's character, especially in the aspects of independence, honesty and self-confidence.    

This research explores of acting class that there were use as a tool to demonstrates a widening gap between verbal communication skills expectations of employers and the perceived abilities of higher education graduates. Recent studies have also suggested that the art of acting is an effective pedagogical tool for developing oral communication skills. This research using descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques carried out by watching and documenting drama. The data validity technique used is source triangulation, while the data analysis technique uses interactive data analysis techniques, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study showed that there were 15 element of character development consisting of Oral Communication Skills, Creative Problem Solving Abilities, Motivation and Commitment, Willingness to Work Cooperatively, The Ability to Work Independently, Promptness and Respect for Deadlines, Acceptance of Rules, Respect for Colleagues, Adaptability and Flexibility, Self-Discipline, Concentration, A Goal-Oriented Approach to Work, Dedication, A Willingness to Accept Responsibility, Self-Confidence. This study also found the relevance of acting class to character improvement. The results of this study can provide important meaning for the development of a person's character through acting class activity.

This community service program aims to enhance the literacy skills of the elderly in Wonosari Village, Grujugan, Bondowoso, by teaching them how to read and write the alphabet. Literacy, particularly reading and writing, is an essential skill for every individual, yet it remains a challenge for many elderly people in rural areas due to limited access to education during their younger years. Through the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, which focuses on utilizing the community's existing assets, this program successfully engaged elderly participants in a structured learning process. The elderly were taught to read and write the alphabet over seven sessions, leading to increased self-confidence and independence in their daily lives. The program not only improved their literacy but also fostered greater social inclusion and community participation. This initiative demonstrates that with the right approach and support, the elderly can continue to develop and contribute to their community.

This community service program aims to enhance the literacy skills of the elderly in Wonosari Village, Grujugan, Bondowoso, by teaching them how to read and write the alphabet. Literacy, particularly reading and writing, is an essential skill for every individual, yet it remains a challenge for many elderly people in rural areas due to limited access to education during their younger years. Through the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, which focuses on utilizing the community's existing assets, this program successfully engaged elderly participants in a structured learning process. The elderly were taught to read and write the alphabet over seven sessions, leading to increased self-confidence and independence in their daily lives. The program not only improved their literacy but also fostered greater social inclusion and community participation. This initiative demonstrates that with the right approach and support, the elderly can continue to develop and contribute to their community.

The impact of landslides causes a lack of confidence and confidence in the community, so that preparedness and self-efficacy are needed when faced with critical problems such as disasters. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and community preparedness in dealing with landslides. Individuals who have high self-efficacy tend to feel confident and confident when preparing for disaster threats, even though the threat of the disaster is a threat. who bears the risk. The sample of this study was 177 respondents and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection in the study used a questionnaire, namely preparedness and self-efficacy. Questionnaires were used to analyze demographic characteristics, preparedness, and self-efficacy. The results showed that the majority were average (92.7) adult age male (55.4%). The level of preparedness in the high category is (63.8%) and self-efficacy is (57.1%). Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between preparedness and self-efficacy 0.000 (p < 0.05). The strength of the correlation coefficient in the criteria is sufficient (r=0.380). Researchers suggest that the community participation in landslide disaster preparation is supported by good self-efficacy for preparation for landslides in order to reduce disaster risks such as fatalities.  

This community service program addresses challenges in mastering basic English vocabulary due to limited learning time, minimal exposure to English, and a lack of varied teaching methods. The "Two Phrases to Grow" program introduces an innovative approach to help students improve their vocabulary and communication skills. Implemented through interactive sessions and consistent daily phrase practice, the program has demonstrated positive impacts on students' vocabulary acquisition and confidence in using English. These findings suggest that simple, continuous methods can foster significant improvement in English proficiency among students in environments with limited access to English resources.

The study intends to define the idea of joint auditing, its significance and goals, and the allocation of audit responsibilities from the start of the audit process to the joint report's writing. It also seeks to elucidate the function of joint auditing in enhancing the caliber of the attributes of accounting data, which helps to provide high-quality information that benefits management and the beneficiaries of that information to make sound decisions that benefit the development of the institution's work for management and owners on the one hand and benefit investors on the other hand, as the study sample included a group of auditors In Iraq by creating and designing a questionnaire form and presenting it to a panel of arbitrators; data analysis was conducted using the statistical analysis software SPSS; and the findings were examined, an important role was reached for joint auditing in improving accounting information and the study recommended the need to adopt this type of audit method that increases users' confidence in accounting information.

PE learning in schools will be optimal if the available facilities and infrastructure are adequate and the learning process focuses on the needs of students, of course, on the kasti ball game material. There are several factors that are obstacles, namely from the students themselves such as fear in doing blows, lack of confidence. This study aims to determine the effect of the modification of hitting aids and balls on the ability of hitting and throwing skills in the game of kasti ball for grade 6 students of SDN Gading 1 Surabaya. Data collection was carried out through student skill tests by providing modifications to batting aids and balls to determine the improvement of hitting skills in students. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical tests in the form of averages, standard deviations, variances, and inferential statistics using normality tests, t-tests, and improvement measurements. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that there was an increase in the ability of hitting skills in the game of kasti ball by more than 90% after being given modifications of batting aids and balls to students.

Immunization Completeness base is an immunization that must be given to children from birth so that their bodies are protected from dangerous diseases. Complete basic immunization coverage in Suka Raya Village, Pancur Batu District reached 80.7%: the low coverage of basic immunization is related to the knowledge and attitudes of mothers. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and attitudes and the completeness of basic immunization in infants . Data collection from primary and secondary data, data were analyzed using the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level. This type of research is analytical with a Cross Sectional approach , the population in this study were all mothers who had babies aged 9-12 months who visited Suka Raya Village, namely 42 people. The sampling technique is Total Sampling . Collection data For about complete basic immunization data analysis with Chi Square statistical test . The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between maternal knowledge and attitudes with the completeness of basic immunization with a p value for the knowledge variable of 0.003 and a p value for the attitude variable of 0.000. Then, maternal knowledge and attitudes influenced the completeness of basic immunization in infants, mothers with good knowledge and positive attitudes were more likely to complete their infants' basic immunization according to the specified schedule. It is recommended for Pancur Batu Village to further improve the provision of counseling to mothers about complete basic immunization and for health workers in Pancur Batu Village to improve maternal knowledge about the completeness of basic immunization  

The public speaking and leadership workshop conducted for SDI 1 Loang students aims to enhance literacy and social skills, particularly in public speaking and leadership. The choice of this topic is highly relevant, as public speaking and leadership skills are crucial elements for personal and social development in today's global era. The community service method used included a participatory approach with interactive activities such as group discussions, simulations, and practical exercises designed to stimulate active student participation. The results of this workshop showed a significant improvement in students' communication skills, confidence, leadership abilities, and teamwork capabilities. This positive impact indicates that students are not only more confident in public speaking but also better at taking initiative in group situations. In conclusion, the training successfully enhanced students' competencies in public speaking and leadership. However, continuous support from schools and communities is essential to further facilitate the development of these skills, ensuring students are well-prepared to face future challenges.

Self-confidence is an important element in achieving success and happiness, and has a significant positive relationship with motivation to learn. However, many individuals face challenges in building their self-confidence due to social pressure and negative experiences. In this context, this study explores sources of motivation from a Quranic perspective, specifically through Surah At-Thaha verses 25-28, which describe Prophet Moses' plea to Allah for peace and ease in facing life's challenges. Tafsir Al-Misbah by Quraish Shihab provides the insight that self-confidence should be built on faith in Allah and recognition of one's potential. This study also highlights the importance of social support, appreciation, and a supportive environment in building self-confidence. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, the results show that self-confidence can be strengthened through spiritual connection, internal reinforcement, and recognition of personal weaknesses, which ultimately encourages individuals to express themselves and reach their full potential. This research is expected to inspire readers to apply Quranic values in their daily lives, in order to increase self-confidence and freedom of expression.

The community service program carried out by MBKM (Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka) Teaching Assistance in English Education Students IAIN Palangka Raya is titled “English Club.” It aims to improve the English skills of participants at the Secondary Level. This program introduces interactive learning methods and enjoyable media through a game-based approach and technology. Thus, this activity helps participants understand English material more easily and effectively. The program is conducted over three sessions, covering topics such as self-introduction, telling time, and hobbies. Each session is designed to develop the participants' English language abilities by optimally combining theory and practice. To create an active and engaging learning environment, the activities also include educational games, such as “Hi! My Name Is...,” “Catch It!,” and “Simon Says!”, which are designed to sharpen the cognitive and motor skills of the participants. In each session, technology media, such as engaging PowerPoint presentations and online games, are used to create variety in the learning experience, making participants feel interested and motivated. The results of this activity indicate an improvement in the participants' English skills, particularly in speaking. Additionally, there is also an increase in the participants' interest and motivation toward learning English. The use of creative methods and technology has proven effective in helping participants understand the material and creating a positive learning atmosphere. In conclusion, enjoyable learning not only enhances the English skills of participants but also builds their confidence in communication.