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The transformation of history learning in the context of 21st-century education aims to prepare students to face the challenges of an increasingly complex and dynamic world. The concept of 21st-century learning emphasizes the development of critical, collaborative, and creative skills, which are highly relevant to studying history. History learning in the 21st century must include a more interactive approach, utilizing technology as a tool to deliver historical material in a more engaging and relevant manner. Through innovative models such as project-based learning and inquiry learning, students can be more actively involved in the learning process, not only receiving information but also developing the ability to analyze, evaluate, and draw conclusions from various historical sources. Technology supports the creation of more engaging learning experiences, such as the use of multimedia, simulations, and other digital resources. Furthermore, teachers play a role as facilitators, helping students build historical awareness, guiding them in seeking information, and developing critical thinking skills. However, the implementation of this learning model faces various challenges, such as limited technological infrastructure and a lack of teacher training. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen teacher competencies and adapt the curriculum to be more adaptive to changing times.

This community service activity aims to enhance supply chain efficiency and expand market access for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Wabula Satu Village, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The main problems faced by MSMEs include inefficient supply chain management, limited production coordination, and low utilization of digital technology for product marketing. The program was implemented using an educational-participatory approach through a series of training sessions, simulations, and mentoring activities. The results revealed significant improvements in participants’ understanding of supply chain management, production efficiency, and digital marketing skills, particularly through social media and marketplace platforms. MSMEs also showed progress in branding and product packaging, while collaborative networks were established to support collective raw material procurement and joint distribution. This program has contributed to improving local business competitiveness, productivity, and sustainability. Moreover, it demonstrates an effective community empowerment model based on technology adoption and collaboration to strengthen village economic resilience in the digital era.

This community service activity aims to enhance supply chain efficiency and expand market access for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Wabula Satu Village, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The main problems faced by MSMEs include inefficient supply chain management, limited production coordination, and low utilization of digital technology for product marketing. The program was implemented using an educational-participatory approach through a series of training sessions, simulations, and mentoring activities. The results revealed significant improvements in participants’ understanding of supply chain management, production efficiency, and digital marketing skills, particularly through social media and marketplace platforms. MSMEs also showed progress in branding and product packaging, while collaborative networks were established to support collective raw material procurement and joint distribution. This program has contributed to improving local business competitiveness, productivity, and sustainability. Moreover, it demonstrates an effective community empowerment model based on technology adoption and collaboration to strengthen village economic resilience in the digital era.

The transition toward Society 5.0 demands a workforce capable of integrating technological proficiency with strong human-centered soft skills. This community engagement program aims to enhance the digital mindset and soft skills of PKK women in Boja District, Kendal Regency through a structured mentoring model rooted in human-centered learning principles. Using a needs assessment, experiential training sessions, and group mentoring, the program focused on increasing participants’ abilities in digital literacy, communication, collaboration, creativity, and community-based leadership. The mentoring activities revealed significant improvements in participants’ understanding of basic digital functions, such as the use of smartphones for communication, information access, and household economic opportunities. Engagement in interactive sessions—such as role play, guided discussions, and problem-solving simulations—strengthened participants’ confidence, interpersonal communication, and teamwork skills. Furthermore, several participants demonstrated emerging leadership abilities, particularly in facilitating peer learning and supporting other members during digital practice activities. These findings align with recent literature emphasizing the effectiveness of contextual digital training and experiential adult learning in promoting behavioral change and improving community readiness for technological transformation. Overall, the program successfully enhanced the participants’ readiness to face the challenges of Society 5.0 by fostering digital mindset growth, essential soft skills development, and strengthened leadership capacity. The results indicate that human-centered mentoring can serve as a sustainable approach to empowering local communities and improving their competitiveness in the digital era.  

The transition toward Society 5.0 demands a workforce capable of integrating technological proficiency with strong human-centered soft skills. This community engagement program aims to enhance the digital mindset and soft skills of PKK women in Boja District, Kendal Regency through a structured mentoring model rooted in human-centered learning principles. Using a needs assessment, experiential training sessions, and group mentoring, the program focused on increasing participants’ abilities in digital literacy, communication, collaboration, creativity, and community-based leadership. The mentoring activities revealed significant improvements in participants’ understanding of basic digital functions, such as the use of smartphones for communication, information access, and household economic opportunities. Engagement in interactive sessions—such as role play, guided discussions, and problem-solving simulations—strengthened participants’ confidence, interpersonal communication, and teamwork skills. Furthermore, several participants demonstrated emerging leadership abilities, particularly in facilitating peer learning and supporting other members during digital practice activities. These findings align with recent literature emphasizing the effectiveness of contextual digital training and experiential adult learning in promoting behavioral change and improving community readiness for technological transformation. Overall, the program successfully enhanced the participants’ readiness to face the challenges of Society 5.0 by fostering digital mindset growth, essential soft skills development, and strengthened leadership capacity. The results indicate that human-centered mentoring can serve as a sustainable approach to empowering local communities and improving their competitiveness in the digital era.  

This community service activity aims to improve positive communication skills and foster self-confidence in students at Antasan Besar 7 Elementary School, Banjarmasin. The background to this activity is the results of observations showing that some students still have low communication skills and lack of self-confidence, characterized by shyness, nervousness, and reluctance to speak in public. The training was conducted by students of Lambung Mangkurat University on September 17, 2025, involving 16 fifth-grade students. The implementation method included preparation, interactive training, role-playing, speaking simulations in front of the class, and evaluation through pre-post observation and questionnaires. The training materials included understanding positive communication, the use of polite language, emotional control, eye contact, and facial expressions, as well as self-confidence-building exercises through the activities "Dare to Speak" and "Introduce Myself". The evaluation results showed an increase in students' average scores in the aspects of participation, positive attitudes, and courage to speak in front of the class after participating in the training. This activity has proven effective in helping students develop interpersonal communication skills and strengthen self-confidence, as well as having a positive impact on a more supportive learning atmosphere in the elementary school environment.

This community service program aims to enhance Islamic-based investment literacy among the young community of Madiun City. The low level of Islamic financial literacy in Indonesia, which only reached 9.14% (OJK, 2022), indicates the need for educational and practical efforts to increase youth understanding of Sharia-compliant investment principles. The program was implemented through structured Islamic investment literacy training consisting of theoretical sessions, case studies, interactive discussions, and practical simulations. A total of 24 participants, comprising students and young community members, took part in the activity. The pre-test results showed an average score of 44.25, which increased to 78.04 in the post-test, indicating a 33.79% improvement. In addition to cognitive gains, participants also demonstrated positive changes in their attitudes toward ethical and halal investing. This program effectively improved participants’ understanding, skills, and awareness of Islamic investment and contributed to strengthening Islamic financial inclusion at the local level. It is expected that the young generation will become agents of change who promote ethical, responsible, and sustainable financial practices.

The increasing snack consumption trend in Indonesia, along with the availability of processed snacks that are high in sugar, fat, and sodium but low in fiber, poses a significant challenge to digestive health. More than 40% of the global population experiences digestive disorders, often related to unhealthy eating patterns and low fiber intake. In response to this issue, an innovative healthy snack called TaroStik, made from taro vines (Colocasia esculenta) rich in fiber and nutrients, has been developed. This product comes in two forms, sticks and chips, with three flavor variants (salty, sweet, and spicy), offering a healthy snacking experience without sacrificing taste. Training on utilizing taro vines to create TaroStik was conducted in Banjarbaru, involving prospective entrepreneurs with a combined approach of theory, hands-on practice, and group discussions. Participants were trained from material selection, processing (peeling, soaking, steaming, frying), packaging, to social media marketing simulation. As a result, most participants were able to independently produce TaroStik, with some expressing intentions to continue production at a home scale. TaroStik not only provides a digestive health solution through natural snacks free of preservatives but also brings positive impacts in three areas: economy (creating business opportunities based on local ingredients), environment (reducing agricultural waste), and nutrition (increasing healthy food consumption). This innovation embodies the principles of green economy and sustainable entrepreneurship, opening new business opportunities and improving community welfare.

The increasing snack consumption trend in Indonesia, along with the availability of processed snacks that are high in sugar, fat, and sodium but low in fiber, poses a significant challenge to digestive health. More than 40% of the global population experiences digestive disorders, often related to unhealthy eating patterns and low fiber intake. In response to this issue, an innovative healthy snack called TaroStik, made from taro vines (Colocasia esculenta) rich in fiber and nutrients, has been developed. This product comes in two forms, sticks and chips, with three flavor variants (salty, sweet, and spicy), offering a healthy snacking experience without sacrificing taste. Training on utilizing taro vines to create TaroStik was conducted in Banjarbaru, involving prospective entrepreneurs with a combined approach of theory, hands-on practice, and group discussions. Participants were trained from material selection, processing (peeling, soaking, steaming, frying), packaging, to social media marketing simulation. As a result, most participants were able to independently produce TaroStik, with some expressing intentions to continue production at a home scale. TaroStik not only provides a digestive health solution through natural snacks free of preservatives but also brings positive impacts in three areas: economy (creating business opportunities based on local ingredients), environment (reducing agricultural waste), and nutrition (increasing healthy food consumption). This innovation embodies the principles of green economy and sustainable entrepreneurship, opening new business opportunities and improving community welfare.

Parenting communication literacy is a fundamental competence that influences children’s growth in cognitive, emotional, and social domains. Initial findings at Posyandu Teratai, South Tangerang, revealed that many mothers still relied on authoritarian and less dialogical communication, which limited children’s confidence and engagement. In response, the Community Service (PKM) team of Universitas Pamulang implemented a program entitled Optimizing Parenting Communication Literacy through Digital Media. The activities were designed using participatory strategies such as lectures, interactive group discussions, simulation exercises, and the dissemination of digital learning materials in the form of modules and videos. The program outcomes demonstrated considerable improvement in mothers’ knowledge and attitudes toward positive communication practices, including the ability to listen actively, provide encouragement, and employ digital platforms as continuous learning resources. Furthermore, the integration of digital tools enabled mothers to access and exchange information beyond formal training sessions. The broader impact of the program was the establishment of a collaborative learning community at Posyandu, which not only supported families in applying positive parenting approaches but also reinforced community-level awareness of effective communication in child-rearing.

This Community Service Program aims to enhance the practical abilities of educational staff in understanding and implementing the Electronic Employee Performance Target (e-SKP) system within the Faculty of Economics and Business, Cenderawasih University. The training program was designed to meet the needs of staff for practical knowledge regarding digital performance appraisal systems in accordance with the latest civil service regulations. The training applied an andragogical approach, emphasizing adult learning experiences through simulations, focused group discussions, and hands-on practice in using the e-SKP application. The resource person, Sukrisman, S.T., M.Cs., provided technical guidance and interactive assistance throughout the activity. The results indicated an improvement in participants’ knowledge and skills in operating the e-SKP application, as evidenced by their ability to independently prepare performance reports and actively engage in evaluation discussions. Moreover, participants gained a better understanding of the relationship between job descriptions, positions, and daily logs with performance indicators measured through e-SKP. Future development of this program will focus on implementing a study-program-based approach and integrating the e-SKP system with the faculty’s overall performance planning framework.

The Indonesian Naval Academy (AAL) is a military educational institution responsible for training young officers for the Indonesian Navy. The learning process at AAL is structured thru classroom theory, field practice, and direct simulations, including using the Engine Room Simulator (ERS) located under the Department of Engineering. The ERS is an important facility for supporting the technical mastery of ship engines for cadets. The operation of this simulator is highly dependent on the supply of electrical energy, with a total electrical power requirement of 14.36 kW. Thru this research, the author aims to design a hybrid solar energy system that can combine electrical energy from the PLN grid with alternative energy from sunlight. The potential for solar energy in the Indonesian Navy Academy area is very large. The average sunlight intensity in the Surabaya area over 1 year per hour is 208.33 W/m2. Therefore, in the design study, the author chose the Solar PV Lesso HPM series 550W solar panel, which has a power of 550W, an efficiency of 21.3%, and an area per panel of 2.583 m2. Based on the calculations obtained, the author used 126 solar panels with an area of 323.64 m2, as well as 24 Panasonic LC-P12100NA batteries with a voltage of 12 V and a capacity of 100 Ah, installed in 3 series and 8 parallel circuits.

This study aims to systematically review various studies that discuss the role of entrepreneurship education in developing students’ entrepreneurial spirit at the Senior High School (SMA) and Vocational High School (SMK) levels. The method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The reviewed articles cover publications from 2019 to 2025. Based on the selection of 20 scientific articles, the findings indicate that entrepreneurship education plays an important role in enhancing students’ creativity, innovation, self-confidence, and independence. The most effective learning strategies include project-based learning, business simulations, and collaboration with the industrial sector. In addition, teachers play a crucial role as facilitators in fostering an entrepreneurial mindset. The challenges identified include limited resources, insufficient teacher training, and suboptimal school policy support. Overall, entrepreneurship education has been proven to make a significant contribution to shaping entrepreneurial character and preparing students to face the challenges of the workforce.

The sport of archery requires an accurate and fair classification system of athletes according to international standards. This community service research aims to introduce and implement the ArchiClass application as a technology-based innovation for athlete classification, as well as improve the understanding of the archery community at Al Ayyubi Archery Club Boyolali regarding sports with disabilities. This activity involved 50 athletes and 6 coaches. The methods used include socialization, application demonstration, simulation, and evaluation of participant responses. The results showed that participants gained a better understanding of the importance of fair and technology-based classification. Participants gain practical experience using ArchiClass, while coaches and parents gain new insights into archery. In addition, the implementation of this application encourages the creation of a more transparent and consistent classification process. The final evaluation showed that the majority of participants felt helped by the existence of the application and expressed readiness to implement it in training activities and competitions. This program successfully introduced ArchiClass as an effective tool and increased community awareness and understanding of disability sports.

This community service activity aims to introduce the use of the PhET virtual laboratory and to identify students’ responses to the PhET-based virtual laboratory training in empowering students at SMA Negeri 1 Unaaha. The program also seeks to address the issue of limited science practicum facilities in the partner school. The study employed a descriptive quantitative design involving a single group of 23 participants from grades X to XII in the science stream. Participants took part in several sessions, including orientation, demonstration, and exploration of the Build an Atom and Circuit Construction Kit: DC simulations. Research data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire consisting of 30 items covering six main indicators: conceptual understanding, motivation, activeness, interest, ability to operate PhET, and learning satisfaction. All questionnaire results were converted into percentages for each indicator. The analysis showed an average response rate of 86.67%, with details as follows: interest 92%, activeness 90%, motivation 88%, satisfaction 89%, operational ability 83%, and conceptual understanding 78%. These findings indicate a very positive acceptance and significant reinforcement in the affective, participatory, and technical skill aspects of the students.

This qualitative case study examines how the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach can be adapted to general English classes in a higher education institution in Timor-Leste to answer the long-standing question of how students can acquire speaking proficiency in a multilingual learning environment. The paper brings into focus the incorporation of CLT into classroom activities with special emphasis on the application of role play, pair work, seminars, simulations, and task-based learning as means of promoting interactive and communicative competence. A descriptive qualitative case study design was used to develop in-depth knowledge of contextual teaching and learning experiences, the perspectives of the participants, and naturally occurring practices in the institutional setting. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis were the data-gathering methods. Purposive sampling was used to select the two lecturers and seven students directly involved in teaching general English. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, which made it possible to identify repeated themes and patterns that revealed both opportunities and difficulties in implementing CLT in context. The results of the study indicate that, despite the adaptation of the CTL approach in teaching practices, its implementation is often sporadic due to concerns about English proficiency, teacher training, and flexibility in using local and official languages during instruction. The research demonstrates the necessity of adapting CLT methods to the local education environment and arranging long-term professional development for lecturers. This study helps us understand how context-sensitive CLT approaches can lead to improved results in teaching and learning English in Timor-Leste. The interactive approach and the systematic teacher model could significantly improve students' communicative competence.

This community service (PKM) aims to improve the English language competency of students of SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya specifically English For Specific Purpose (ESP). The increasingly global needs of the fashion and textile industry, both for export and import and interaction with foreign clients, require graduates to have English communication skills that are not only general, but also specific according to the terminology of design, production, and marketing of fashion products. The methods used are interactive training, and Role-Play simulations, and direct practical assistance with a focus on design presentations, negotiations with clients or suppliers, and technical terminology for sewing patterns in English. The results of the PKM show an average increase in specific vocabulary mastery of 25% as well as a significant increase in student self-confidence in using English for work scenarios, as well as a better understanding of professional terms in the field of Fashion Design. This activity is recommended to be continued as a regular school program to bridge the gap between the general English curriculum and the demands of actual work competencies in the fashion industry

This Community Service Program (PkM) arises from the significant challenges faced by Vocational High School (SMK) students in adapting to the rapid progression of the digital era and the widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI). In an environment flooded with online information, many students tend to accept and share digital content without adequately verifying its validity, leaving them susceptible to misinformation, deceptive media, and inaccurate data. Ethical risks linked to AI misuse have also surfaced, including plagiarism through automated text-generation tools, excessive reliance on chatbots without ethical consideration, and potential privacy breaches due to limited awareness of technological vulnerabilities. To respond to these issues, the PkM program adopts an educational strategy focused on critical digital literacy training and mentoring tailored for SMK students. The initiative highlights the importance of critical thinking in evaluating and validating digital information, while simultaneously promoting ethical responsibility in using AI. Through workshops, case-based simulations, group discussions, and practical content analysis, students learn to recognize digital manipulation and reflect on the social implications of AI. Expected outcomes include increased ethical digital awareness, the development of a sustainable training module, academic publications, and long-term collaboration between schools and universities, ultimately preparing students to be competent, ethical, and responsible digital citizens.

This study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic financial literacy training and its impact on enhancing students’ understanding of Islamic economics at SMK Negeri 1 Dolok Masihul. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving 25 students as participants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results show that the training, conducted through interactive methods such as discussions, simulations, and case studies, significantly improved students’ knowledge of Islamic financial principles, including profit-sharing (mudharabah and musyarakah), prohibition of riba, and ethical financial management. The average understanding level increased from 63% before the training to 87% afterward. Supporting factors included teacher involvement, engaging materials, and the practical relevance of the content, while limiting factors were time constraints and lack of reference materials. Overall, the implementation of Islamic financial literacy training proved effective in strengthening students’ conceptual and practical understanding of Islamic economics and can serve as a model for integrating Sharia-based financial education in vocational schools.

The modernization of smart grids through edge computing introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, most stemming from adversarial machine learning attacks that compromise distributed intelligence. Although Federated Learning is an appealing decentralized model training paradigm for edge smart grids, its resilience against coordinated injection and evasion attacks has not yet been thoroughly explored. To address this critical gap, we develop and evaluate a resilient Federated Learning model for edge-based innovative grid applications. Under a rigorous simulation-based experimental design, we created a controlled environment based on synthetic energy-demand data and implemented adversarial attack scenarios to ensure model robustness. We propose a resilience enhancement layer in our framework during the federated aggregation process to curtail malicious model updates and adversarial inferences. The results show significant improvement in the stability of the proposed model under attack, maintaining a robustness index above 0.62, whereas baseline approaches exhibit complete degradation. This corresponds to a reduction of approximately 34% in the attack impact rate across different-intensity attack scenarios, while maintaining high stability in aggregation. In addition to the adversarial testing framework in the domain of Federated Learning, this work provides a validated resilience model that secures analytics of smart grids without requiring access to raw data. Our methodology presents a resource-efficient alternative to physical testing and enables safe yet comprehensive security evaluation in critical infrastructure applications.