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This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal capacity-building for Temporary Land Deed Officials (PPATS) in the preparation of land deeds in Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province. The research employs an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques including interviews, observation, and document analysis. This approach enables a comprehensive examination of both the normative framework and its practical implementation in the field. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of capacity-building for PPATS remains suboptimal, as the existing programs are largely administrative, incidental, and insufficient in addressing substantive legal aspects. Several factors influence this condition, including the non-legal educational background of PPATS, prevailing community legal culture, limitations in training programs, weak institutional coordination, and social pressures encountered in the practice of land deed preparation. These challenges contribute to a low level of material competence and legal prudence among PPATS in carrying out their duties. Accordingly, there is a need for a more sustainable, contextual, and competency-based capacity-building model to enhance the professionalism of PPATS. Such an approach is essential to strengthen their substantive legal understanding, improve the quality of land deeds, and ultimately support the realization of legal certainty in land administration services.

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), diabetes mellitus is a chronic and complex disease that requires ongoing management and various strategies to control blood sugar levels and reduce associated risks. Patient Mrs. J, a 52-year-old woman and farmer, presented with complaints of numbness and tingling in both legs that began approximately 2 months prior to her current visit and had worsened over the past week. The symptoms felt like being pricked and sometimes felt hot, especially at night, thereby interfering with daily activities. The symptoms were accompanied by frequent urination, especially at night, frequent thirst, frequent hunger, a feeling of weakness, and intermittent blurred vision. The patient had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus approximately 5 years ago but did not consistently take medication (glimepiride). The patient still frequently consumes sweet, coconut-based, and fried foods. Physical examination revealed reduced sensation in the lower extremities. Laboratory tests showed elevated blood sugar levels. Based on the medical history, physical examination, and supporting tests, the patient was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The patient was advised to record test results and changes in his health status in a health record book, and to involve family members in supporting treatment adherence and a healthy lifestyle. The patient works as a farmer with an irregular income, depending on the harvest. Daily expenses are shared with his son, so his economic condition

Disputes over unpaid insurance claims are a problem that frequently arises in insurance practice and can harm consumers both financially and psychologically, while also reducing public trust in the insurance industry. Such disputes are generally triggered by differing interpretations of policy provisions, alleged breaches of the good-faith principle, and administrative obstacles, which ultimately lead to civil conflicts between the insured and the insurer. To provide access to dispute resolution that is faster, fairer, and more affordable than litigation, the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) established the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution for the Financial Services Sector (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan/LAPS SJK) through OJK Regulation No. 61/POJK.07/2020. This study aims to analyze the mechanism for resolving disputes over unpaid insurance claims through LAPS SJK and to assess its effectiveness in providing legal protection and legal certainty for consumers. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, through an examination of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials related to contracts, insurance, consumer protection, and alternative dispute resolution. The findings show that LAPS SJK has the authority to handle civil disputes in the financial services sector, including insurance disputes, provided that the parties have a written agreement and have first pursued internal dispute resolution (Internal Dispute Resolution/IDR). Dispute resolution at LAPS SJK is conducted through mediation and arbitration. Mediation is facilitated by a mediator to encourage the parties to reach a settlement agreement, which may be reinforced into a Deed of Settlement (Akta Perdamaian) that is final, binding, and enforceable. If mediation fails, arbitration offers a more determinative resolution through a final and binding award that can be enforced after being registered with the District Court. Overall, LAPS SJK is considered effective because its procedures are structured, time-bound, and provide a fee waiver for mediation in retail and small-claim cases up to IDR 750,000,000. However, its effectiveness remains conditional, as it depends on the existence of a written agreement between the parties, the obligation to undergo IDR, and good faith in the mediation process.

This research analyzes the application of the equality before the law principle in handling narcotics cases by the Legal Aid Institute (LBH) Legundi Surabaya. The principle of equality before the law is a fundamental principle guaranteed in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, yet its implementation in narcotics law enforcement still faces various challenges. This study employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach to examine LBH Legundi's strategies in ensuring clients fully obtain their constitutional rights. The findings reveal that although LBH Legundi has implemented various strategies such as detailed examination of arrest procedures, optimization of legal instruments, and efforts for detention suspension, the application of the equality before the law principle remains hindered by several factors. The main challenges include strong social stigma against narcotics offenders, limited resources of legal aid institutions, disparities in judicial decisions, structural barriers in accessing justice, weak supervision systems, minimal systemic support from the state, and a law enforcement mindset that remains punitive rather than rehabilitative. This condition creates a significant gap between suspects from economically disadvantaged backgrounds and those from affluent backgrounds, which contradicts the spirit of substantive justice. The study concludes that realizing the principle of equality before the law requires comprehensive reform touching structural, cultural, and systemic aspects of Indonesia's criminal justice system.  

Changes in values in modern society have led to a shift in the meaning of love in marital relationships, from moral and spiritual commitment to momentary emotions oriented towards personal satisfaction. This shift has weakened long-term commitment and increased relational conflict within families. Islam, with its concept of marriage as mitsāqan ghalīẓā and love as amanah, offers a relevant normative framework to respond to this crisis. This study aims to examine the concept of marriage in Islam and analyze how the values of sakinah, mawaddah, and raḥmah can be solutions to the crisis of the meaning of love in modern families. The method used is a qualitative literature study, through an examination of classical and contemporary Islamic literature and scientific studies on the dynamics of modern families and relationships. The data were analyzed thematically to identify the relationship between the meaning of love, commitment, and relational conflict. The results and discussion show that reducing love to mere emotion weakens the stability of marriage, while understanding love as a spiritual and moral trust strengthens empathy, communication, and conflict resolution mechanisms. The principles of ṣabr, raḥmah, and musyawarah have proven to play an important role in maintaining the resilience of relationships. In conclusion, Islamic marriage values provide a solid and adaptive ethical foundation for building a harmonious, mature, and sustainable family amid the challenges of modernity.

The concept of fides quaerens intellectum (faith seeking understanding) in this study is interpreted by emphasizing the rationality of faith as a form of apologia based on 1 Peter 3:15. This study aims to demonstrate that Christian faith is not merely spiritual and normative in nature, but also possesses a rational dimension that can be intellectually justified. In this context, 1 Peter 3:15 serves as a biblical foundation that underscores the importance of believers being prepared to provide a logical and responsible explanation for the hope they possess.This research employs a qualitative approach through library research, combined with an exegetical analysis of 1 Peter 3:15 and a philosophical-theological approach to understand the relationship between faith and reason. Through this framework, the rationality of faith is examined as an integral part of the Christian apologetic tradition. Furthermore, this study affirms that faith and reason are not contradictory realities, but rather complementary elements in the pursuit of truth. The findings indicate that the rationality of faith functions not only defensively but also constructively in fostering dialogue between faith and the intellectual world. Christian faith is understood as a conviction that remains open to rational examination without losing its dimension of mystery. Therefore, fides quaerens intellectum emerges as a relevant paradigm in addressing modern challenges, while also contributing to the development of theological and philosophical studies, particularly in strengthening the integration of faith and reason in the life of believers.

Ibuprofen is an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II, characterized by low water solubility and high permeability. Its limited solubility may reduce the dissolution rate and influence therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to formulate ibuprofen suppositories using cocoa butter (oleum cacao) as the suppository base through the melting method. Each suppository was prepared with a total weight of 2500 mg containing 125 mg ibuprofen, oleum cacao as the base, tween 80 as an emulsifier, and liquid paraffin as a mold lubricant. Before formulation, a displacement value test was performed to determine the exact amount of base required. The prepared suppositories were evaluated through organoleptic examination, weight uniformity, melting time, and dissolution testing. The evaluation results demonstrated that the suppositories possessed acceptable physical characteristics, uniform weight distribution, appropriate melting properties, and satisfactory dissolution behavior. Based on these findings, ibuprofen suppositories formulated with oleum cacao fulfilled pharmaceutical quality requirements in accordance with the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia standards.

Turbinate hypertrophy is a condition characterized by abnormal enlargement of the nasal turbinate mucosa, which can lead to chronic nasal obstruction and decreased quality of life. This condition is associated with inflammatory processes in which eosinophils play a role as part of the immune response. This study aimed to determine the relationship between eosinophil levels and the degree of turbinate hypertrophy based on blood examination in hospitalized patients. This research used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 40 patients diagnosed with turbinate hypertrophy at Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh. Data were obtained from medical records, including patient characteristics, eosinophil levels, and the degree of turbinate hypertrophy. The results showed that most patients were aged 17–25 years, predominantly female, and commonly had non-allergic underlying conditions. The majority of patients had normal eosinophil levels (80%), while most cases were classified as grade III turbinate hypertrophy (65%). Statistical analysis using Fisher’s Exact Test demonstrated no significant relationship between eosinophil levels and the degree of turbinate hypertrophy (p>0.05). These findings suggest that eosinophil levels may not be a reliable indicator in assessing the severity of turbinate hypertrophy, particularly in patients with non-allergic conditions. This study highlights the need to consider other contributing factors in the evaluation and management of turbinate hypertrophy to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic metabolic disorder that frequently affects elderly patients and is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities. The increasing prevalence of diabetes in the aging population contributes to higher morbidity and mortality, especially when complicated by geriatric syndromes, electrolyte imbalances, and infections such as pneumonia. This study aims to present a case of type 2 diabetes mellitus in an elderly patient with associated geriatric problems, electrolyte disturbances, and pneumonia. The method used is a descriptive case report based on clinical findings, laboratory examinations, and radiological assessment. A 76-year-old male presented with generalized weakness, weight loss, decreased appetite, respiratory symptoms, and functional decline. Physical examination and laboratory findings revealed uncontrolled diabetes, electrolyte imbalance, hypoalbuminemia, and signs of infection. Chest radiography confirmed pneumonia. Management included pharmacological therapy such as antibiotics, fluid and electrolyte correction, and supportive care, along with non-pharmacological interventions including dietary regulation and monitoring. The findings highlight the complexity of managing elderly patients with multiple comorbid conditions, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Early detection and appropriate management are essential to improve clinical outcomes and prevent further complications in geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital heart defect characterized by a gap in the interventricular septum, with a prevalence of 20–30% of all cases of congenital heart disease. Based on their location, VSD is divided into perimembrane, muscular, and subarterial. This case report discusses a patient who came to the emergency room of Cut Meutia Hospital with good consciousness (GCS E4M6V5) and complained of shortness of breath, cough, nausea, and chest pain spreading to the neck and hands. The anamnesis showed chronic symptoms in the form of coughing up phlegm for two weeks, accompanied by throbbing headaches, dizziness, flatulence, and sleep disturbances. Physical examination showed vital signs of TD 140/90 mmHg, HR 86 x/min, RR 23 x/min, SpO₂ 37%, and temperature 37°C.  Supporting examinations in the form of chest X-rays showed cardiomegaly of the pulmonary segment, while ECG showed rhythmic sinuses with LAD axis, T-inverted in AVL, V1, V2, RsR' in V2, positive Cornell criteria, anterolateral myocardial infarction, RBBB, and LVH. Echocardiography shows the presence of a bidirectional shunt with a dominant right-to-left shunt. This case confirms the importance of comprehensive diagnosis through clinical and supporting examinations to determine optimal management in patients with VSD, as well as prevent further complications.

Inguinal hernia is a common abdominal hernia occurring in the groin region and generally requires surgical management, with postoperative pain control being an important aspect of patient recovery. This case reports a 55-year-old male presenting with a left groin mass for 6 months, which was initially reducible but subsequently became difficult to reduce, accompanied by severe pain and activity limitation. Physical examination revealed a left inguinal mass measuring approximately 3.03 × 2.17 cm, with firm consistency, well-defined borders, immobility, and tenderness, while ultrasonography demonstrated dilation of the left inguinal canal after provocation; based on these findings, a diagnosis of left inguinal hernia with ASA physical status II was established. The patient was managed with herniorrhaphy under regional anesthesia using a subarachnoid block, followed by ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks with levobupivacaine and pehacain for postoperative analgesia. Intraoperatively, the patient remained hemodynamically stable, and postoperatively, pain intensity decreased gradually from a VAS score of 6 to 2 within 24 hours and reached 0 on the second postoperative day without significant complaints. This case demonstrates that regional anesthesia combined with ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block may support postoperative pain control after herniorrhaphy, maintain clinical stability, and improve patient comfort during recovery.

A Normocytic normochromic anemia is one of the most common types of anemia found in geriatric patients with chronic diseases or acute bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) may cause continuous blood loss resulting in decreased hemoglobin levels. This case report discusses a 72-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital with complaints of black stools for four days prior to admission accompanied by epigastric pain, nausea, weakness, and pallor. The patient had a history of long-term use of analgesic and anti-gout medications due to chronic joint pain, which was suspected to be a risk factor for UGIB. Physical examination revealed pale conjunctiva and tachycardia, while laboratory findings showed hemoglobin of 7.1 g/dL, hematocrit of 23.3%, MCV of 82 fL, MCH of 29 pg, and uric acid level of 11.56 mg/dL, leading to the diagnosis of normocytic normochromic anemia caused by UGIB accompanied by gout arthritis. The patient received intravenous fluid therapy, proton pump inhibitors, antifibrinolytic agents, gastroprotective therapy, packed red cell transfusion, and other supportive treatments. During hospitalization, clinical improvement was observed, including cessation of gastrointestinal bleeding, reduced epigastric pain, and increased hemoglobin level to 8.6 g/dL. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management in geriatric patients with anemia caused by UGIB and comorbid gout arthritis.

Telemedicine is a technology-based healthcare innovation that can improve access and efficiency. The quality of service provided by human resources (HR) plays a crucial role in determining patient satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of HR service quality on patient satisfaction among telemedicine users. The method used was a literature review using a qualitative descriptive approach through analysis of scientific articles from various databases published between 2020 and 2025. The results indicate that HR service quality significantly influences patient satisfaction, particularly through aspects of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and effective communication. Patient satisfaction is also influenced by ease of access, time efficiency, and trust in the services provided. However, limitations such as the lack of in-person physical examinations remain a challenge in the implementation of telemedicine. Therefore, improving HR competency, particularly in digital communication and technology utilization, is essential to improving the quality of telemedicine services. Therefore, HR service quality is a key factor in increasing patient satisfaction and the successful development of digital healthcare services.

This study aims to collect Serawai ethnic folktales, analyze their narrative structures, and identify the cultural values embedded within them. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using structural and cultural value approaches. Data were obtained through interviews with informants, resulting in the collection of six Serawai folktales, namely Si Pahit Lidah (Serunting Sakti), Dusun Tinggi (Sebakas), Danau Kuranding, Batu Balai, Misteri Bukit Candi, and Sepit Kancing. The analysis focuses on structural elements, including theme, plot, characters and characterization, and setting, followed by an examination of cultural values using Clyde Kluckhohn’s cultural value orientation theory. The findings show that the six folktales are constructed through the integration of narrative elements that form a unified meaning and convey moral and cultural messages to the community. The dominant character, Serunting Sakti, represents wisdom, moral responsibility, and leadership. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that Serawai folktales contain five cultural value orientations proposed by Kluckhohn: the nature of human life, human work, human relations with time, human relations with nature, and human relations with others. These values are reflected in attitudes of wisdom, honesty, responsibility, hard work, appreciation of experience, environmental awareness, mutual cooperation, deliberation, and respect for customary traditions. Among these orientations, the most dominant is human relations with others. Overall, Serawai folktales function as oral literary heritage and as a medium for transmitting cultural values, preserving local wisdom, and strengthening Serawai cultural identity.

Atrophic rhinitis or ozena is a chronic infection of the nasal cavity characterized by progressive atrophy of the nasal mucosa and turbinate bones accompanied by the formation of foul-smelling nasal crusts. This condition is more commonly found in females, particularly during puberty, and is frequently associated with populations of low socioeconomic status and poor environmental sanitation. The exact etiology of atrophic rhinitis remains unclear; however, several factors are believed to contribute, including chronic infection by *Klebsiella ozaenae*, vitamin A and iron deficiency, chronic sinusitis, hormonal imbalance, collagen diseases, trauma, and genetic predisposition. Common clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, thick greenish nasal discharge, crust formation, epistaxis, anosmia, and *foetor ex nasi*, which is often more noticeable to people around the patient. Anterior rhinoscopy typically reveals widened nasal cavities, turbinate atrophy, thin and dry nasal mucosa, as well as purulent secretions and greenish crusts. Diagnosis is established through history taking, ENT physical examination, and supporting investigations such as microbiological culture, histopathological examination, radiological imaging, and paranasal sinus CT-scan. Management may be conservative with antibiotics, nasal irrigation, nasal drops, vitamin A supplementation, and iron preparations, or surgical in severe cases or those unresponsive to conservative therapy.

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by shortness of breath and fatigue resulting from structural or functional abnormalities of the heart.  Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF), also known as decompensated heart failure, is a condition of worsening chronic heart failure that can occur acutely, subacutely, or insidiously, with symptoms progressively worsening over several days or weeks. A 1-year-old male patient presented to the Dermatology Clinic at Cut Meutia General Hospital with the chief complaint of A 60-year-old female patient was brought to the Cut Meutia Emergency Department with the complaint of shortness of breath that had worsened 1 day prior to admission; the shortness of breath worsened during light activity and when the patient was lying down. She also complained of swelling in both legs for one week prior to admission, which had progressively worsened. On examination, skin turgor was slow to return in the left and right lower extremities; palpation of the neck revealed jugular vein distension. Inspection showed a normal chest contour; auscultation of the lungs revealed rhonchi. Cardiac percussion revealed enlargement of the upper, left, and right borders of the heart, as well as the cardiac border at the level of the waist. Auscultation revealed a murmur at the fourth intercostal space on the left side. Examination of the lower extremities revealed pitting edema on both the left and right sides.  Supportive X-ray examination revealed severe cardiomegaly. An ECG revealed sinus rhythm, an irregular rate of 80 beats per minute, LAD axis, P wave not identifiable, PR interval 0.20 seconds, QRS complex 0.6 seconds, inverted T waves in I and AVL, LVH (+), RVH (-), PVCs, AF, and lateral ischemia. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic stenosis due to RHD and an LVEF of 21%. The patient has been prescribed furosemide, warfarin, bisoprolol, and spironolactone.

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is one of the most common arrhythmias in the pediatric population, often resulting from re-entry mechanisms involving accessory pathways or dual atrioventricular nodal physiology. Although generally well tolerated in children with structurally normal hearts, its management can be challenging, particularly in recurrent or persistent cases. This study is a case report describing a pediatric patient with hemodynamically stable SVT treated at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, including history taking, physical examination, and supporting investigations such as serial electrocardiography (ECG), laboratory tests, chest radiography, and transthoracic echocardiography. Management was conducted according to current clinical guidelines, including vagal maneuvers, pharmacological therapy with beta-blockers and antiarrhythmic agents (amiodarone), and monitoring of treatment response based on clinical evaluation and ECG, along with identification and treatment of underlying triggers. We report a case of a 10-year-old female presenting with suspected SVT and pericarditis, who experienced episodes of narrow QRS complex tachycardia that were successfully converted to sinus rhythm following amiodarone administration. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation with preserved ventricular function. Laboratory and radiological findings suggested an underlying inflammatory process, which was considered a triggering factor. This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach in the diagnosis and management of pediatric SVT, including addressing underlying conditions and ensuring continuous monitoring to prevent recurrence.

School snacks are one of the food sources commonly consumed by elementary school children; however, they are at risk of microbiological contamination if not properly managed. One of the pathogenic bacteria that can contaminate food is Salmonella, which can cause diarrheal disease. This study aimed to analyze hygiene and sanitation factors of food handlers on Salmonella bacterial contamination in pentol snacks at elementary schools in Palang District, Tuban Regency. This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 20 pentol vendors and 20 pentol snack samples. Data were collected through observation using a hygiene and sanitation checklist and laboratory examination to detect the presence of Salmonella bacteria. Data analysis was initially planned using the Chi-square test; however, due to homogeneous results, the analysis was conducted descriptively. The results showed that most vendors had good hygiene and sanitation (85%) and sufficient (15%). Laboratory examination results showed that all pentol snack samples (100%) were negative for Salmonella bacteria. In conclusion, pentol snacks at elementary schools in Palang District were microbiologically safe from Salmonella contamination.

Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) is a contemporary term that replaces stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and describes a spectrum of clinical conditions resulting from chronic abnormalities of the coronary arteries. This condition is characterized by a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand that is transient and reversible, commonly presenting as stable angina pectoris. CCS contributes significantly to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, including in Indonesia. The underlying pathophysiology primarily involves atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction leading to myocardial ischemia. Diagnosis is established through comprehensive history taking, physical examination, and both invasive and non-invasive investigations such as electrocardiography, stress testing, and cardiac imaging. Risk stratification using pre-test probability plays a crucial role in guiding further diagnostic evaluation. The management of CCS aims to relieve symptoms and prevent adverse cardiovascular events through pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, as well as revascularization when indicated. Pharmacological therapy includes antianginal agents, antiplatelet drugs, and lipid-lowering agents, while lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, healthy diet, and regular physical activity are essential in preventing disease progression. With accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management, the morbidity and mortality associated with CCS can be reduced.

This study aims to analyze exegetically and socio-historically the text of Deuteronomy 21:10–14 concerning the treatment of female war captives in ancient Israel. This passage has often been debated as it is perceived to reflect a patriarchal system, thus requiring a comprehensive interpretation to understand its original intent. This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research, utilizing textual exegesis, historical-critical, and literary analysis of the Hebrew text, as well as an examination of the Ancient Near Eastern context. The findings reveal that the legal structure of the text is progressive and regulatory in nature, not legitimizing exploitation but rather restricting male behavior through specific procedures, including a mourning period and a process of social transition for the captive woman. The analysis of Hebrew terminology highlights symbolic meanings related to status transformation, purification, and recognition of the woman's humanity. In its socio-historical context, this law differs significantly from common practices in the Ancient Near East, which often exploited war captives, by imposing limitations on economic and social exploitation and providing a degree of protection. Theologically, the text reflects the function of the Mosaic law as a regulatory framework that introduces justice and humanity within a complex social reality. Therefore, Deuteronomy 21:10–14 is best understood as an ethical effort to limit inhumane practices rather than to endorse them.