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The development of financial technology has led to the emergence of cryptocurrency as a decentralized digital instrument that enables fast and cross-border financial transactions. While this technology offers efficiency and flexibility in digital financial activities, it also creates opportunities for misuse in various forms of crime, including terrorist financing. This study aims to analyze the use of cryptocurrency as a means of financing terrorist activities in Indonesia, examine the existing legal framework governing terrorist financing, and identify the challenges faced in law enforcement. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The findings indicate that the use of cryptocurrency as a medium for terrorist financing still fulfills the elements of a criminal offense as regulated under Law Number 9 of 2013 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Terrorism Financing. However, the characteristics of cryptocurrency, such as anonymity, decentralization, and cross-border transactions, create significant challenges in the processes of evidence gathering, transaction tracing, and identification of perpetrators. In addition, there is a regulatory gap between the recognition of crypto assets as economic commodities and the supervision of their potential misuse for terrorist financing. Therefore, stronger regulations are needed to explicitly integrate crypto assets into the terrorist financing prevention regime, along with improving the capacity of law enforcement agencies in blockchain transaction analysis and strengthening international cooperation to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement in the digital economy era.

The death of a Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) student allegedly linked to police action raises significant legal issues concerning the limits of the use of force and the construction of criminal liability. This study aims to reformulate the elements of assault resulting in death by integrating the objective element (actus reus) and the subjective element (mens rea) within the framework of the doctrines of dolus and culpa. It also seeks to develop a model of criminal liability analysis that is more transparent, accountable, and oriented toward the protection of a child’s right to life. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by a literature review of legislation, court decisions, and criminal law scholarship. Data are analyzed qualitatively through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation. The findings indicate that proving the act and the resulting death alone is insufficient without clearly establishing the form of fault. The distinction between dolus eventualis and culpa lata constitutes a decisive factor in determining the classification of the offense and the degree of criminal liability. Ambiguity in identifying the spectrum of fault may lead to sentencing disparities and weaken the principle of geen straf zonder schuld (no punishment without fault). Therefore, this study proposes a reconstruction of the elements of the offense that places proof of mens rea at the center of assessing police accountability while ensuring the protection of the child’s right to life.

The concept of fides quaerens intellectum (faith seeking understanding) in this study is interpreted by emphasizing the rationality of faith as a form of apologia based on 1 Peter 3:15. This study aims to demonstrate that Christian faith is not merely spiritual and normative in nature, but also possesses a rational dimension that can be intellectually justified. In this context, 1 Peter 3:15 serves as a biblical foundation that underscores the importance of believers being prepared to provide a logical and responsible explanation for the hope they possess.This research employs a qualitative approach through library research, combined with an exegetical analysis of 1 Peter 3:15 and a philosophical-theological approach to understand the relationship between faith and reason. Through this framework, the rationality of faith is examined as an integral part of the Christian apologetic tradition. Furthermore, this study affirms that faith and reason are not contradictory realities, but rather complementary elements in the pursuit of truth. The findings indicate that the rationality of faith functions not only defensively but also constructively in fostering dialogue between faith and the intellectual world. Christian faith is understood as a conviction that remains open to rational examination without losing its dimension of mystery. Therefore, fides quaerens intellectum emerges as a relevant paradigm in addressing modern challenges, while also contributing to the development of theological and philosophical studies, particularly in strengthening the integration of faith and reason in the life of believers.

This study aims to describe and analyze the understanding of the faithful and the implementation of Eucharistic liturgical gestures at Saint Christopher Parish, Siborongborong. Liturgical gestures such as the sign of the cross, standing, sitting, kneeling, and striking the chest are essential elements of active participation in the Eucharistic celebration. These gestures are not just physical actions but carry profound spiritual significance. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the faithful’s understanding of the symbolic meaning of these gestures remains limited, which leads to a tendency to perform them mechanically without deep spiritual reflection. This lack of understanding results in a disconnect between the physical actions and their intended spiritual effects. Nevertheless, in practice, the faithful generally follow these gestures in accordance with the liturgical norms of the Church. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need for continuous and contextual liturgical formation programs. These programs should aim to deepen the awareness and spiritual engagement of the faithful in the Eucharistic celebration, ensuring that the gestures are not just performed but fully understood and internalized.

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) requires a high cement content, which contributes to increased carbon emissions; therefore, this study evaluates the effect of partial cement substitution with fly ash (5%, 10%, and 15%) and the addition of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) waste (0.5% and 0.7%) on the mechanical properties of SCC with a target strength of f’c 30 MPa. The research employed laboratory experimental methods, including fresh concrete tests (slump flow, L-box, and V-funnel) and hardened concrete tests (compressive, tensile, and flexural strength) at 7 and 28 days. The results indicate that fly ash substitution enhances compressive strength, with the highest value of 49.59 MPa achieved at 5% fly ash at 28 days, exceeding normal concrete (34.73 MPa). The addition of PET tends to reduce compressive strength due to increased porosity; however, it significantly improves flexural strength, as the combination of 5% fly ash and 0.5% PET achieved 4.7 MPa compared to 2.9 MPa for normal concrete. Overall, the combination of fly ash and PET waste shows potential for application in structural elements requiring high flexural performance.

Modern infrastructure development often involves the use of mass concrete in large structural elements such as pile caps and foundations. However, massive concrete volumes trigger a significant temperature increase due to the heat of hydration that is difficult to dissipate, posing a risk of thermal stress and structural cracking. This study aims to analyze the temperature rise behavior of mass concrete and evaluate the effectiveness of combining chilled water and fly ash substitution in minimizing these thermal cracking risks.The research method employs a quantitative approach through laboratory testing at PT Adhimix RMC Plant Kaligawe. Specimen blocks measuring 40 x 40 x 100 cm were divided into three variations: normal concrete (BN), concrete with chilled water and 15% fly ash (BAF), and concrete with 25% fly ash (BF). Temperature was monitored using thermocouples at the core and surface for 14 days, then validated using the Portland Cement Association (PCA) formula. The results indicate that the integration of chilled water with 15% fly ash and the use of 25% fly ash significantly controlled extreme temperature surges at the 5th hour. The combination of chilled water and 15% fly ash produced the lowest core temperature of 37.3°C, far below the control concrete which reached 62.4°C. This proves that the combination of precooling methods and fly ash substitution is effective in reducing the heat of hydration during the early hardening period, although the use of 25% fly ash was found to be more stable in maintaining mass concrete temperature.

This study aims to analyze the role of brand equity in enhancing the competitiveness of batik sandal products at “Dinara Wooden Heel.” The research adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method to gain an in-depth understanding of how the elements of brand equity namely brand awareness, perceived quality, brand association, and brand loyalty are developed and utilized by the business actors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the business owner and consumers, direct observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique was conducted descriptively through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that brand equity plays a significant role in improving the competitiveness of Dinara Wooden Heel. The dimensions of perceived quality and brand association serve as the primary strengths in creating competitive advantage through consistent product quality and culture-based differentiation. Meanwhile, brand awareness declined due to distribution limitations during the pandemic, but has gradually recovered through the utilization of social media. On the other hand, brand loyalty has been established through repeat purchases, although its management remains relatively informal. Overall, the four dimensions of brand equity are integrated in enhancing competitiveness through brand visibility, product differentiation, consumer trust, and customer loyalty.

The development of documentary films in Indonesia has encouraged the need for presenting reality in an informative manner while maintaining strong visual quality. Documentary films were no longer viewed merely as a medium for recording facts, but also as a creative medium capable of delivering social messages through a cinematic approach. Cinematography became an important element because it played a role in constructing meaning, atmosphere, and viewing experience through well-directed visual management. This study discussed the management of cinematographic elements by the Director of Photography in the documentary film “Mindful Sip: Matcha Beyond The Trend”, which raised the phenomenon of increasing matcha consumption as part of the lifestyle trend among young people. The method used was a creative approach based on expository documentary through the stages of pre-production, production, and post-production. The entire creation process was focused on concept planning, image capturing, and visual as well as narrative refinement so that the documentary message could be conveyed effectively. The results showed that matcha had developed into a symbol of a healthy, productive, and aesthetic lifestyle, yet awareness of responsible consumption was often neglected. The management of camera angle, camera movement, type of shot, and composition was proven to strengthen visual representation and help audiences understand the phenomenon more critically. Therefore, cinematography played an important role not only in producing attractive visuals, but also in clarifying the documentary’s message regarding the relationship between consumption trends and bodily experience.

This study aims to analyze the visual appeal of anime characters through a case study of cosplayers in Surabaya. The focus of this research is to identify the factors that motivate cosplayers to idolize anime characters and to describe the visual elements that contribute to the formation of such appeal. This study employs a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaire distribution to 30 active cosplayers aged 18–20 who are members of cosplay communities in Surabaya. The collected data were analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic approach, which emphasizes the relationship between sign, object, and interpretant in the process of visual meaning-making. The results indicate that the appeal of anime characters is not solely influenced by visual aspects but also by emotional attachment formed through character representation. Specifically, facial features (66.7%) and body gestures (33.3%) are the dominant factors influencing cosplayers’ preferences, compared to other visual elements such as color, costume, and hair details. The semiotic analysis reveals that visual elements in cosplay function as a system of signs that represent character identity while simultaneously constructing aesthetic, emotional, and narrative meanings for the audience.

This study aims to collect Serawai ethnic folktales, analyze their narrative structures, and identify the cultural values embedded within them. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using structural and cultural value approaches. Data were obtained through interviews with informants, resulting in the collection of six Serawai folktales, namely Si Pahit Lidah (Serunting Sakti), Dusun Tinggi (Sebakas), Danau Kuranding, Batu Balai, Misteri Bukit Candi, and Sepit Kancing. The analysis focuses on structural elements, including theme, plot, characters and characterization, and setting, followed by an examination of cultural values using Clyde Kluckhohn’s cultural value orientation theory. The findings show that the six folktales are constructed through the integration of narrative elements that form a unified meaning and convey moral and cultural messages to the community. The dominant character, Serunting Sakti, represents wisdom, moral responsibility, and leadership. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that Serawai folktales contain five cultural value orientations proposed by Kluckhohn: the nature of human life, human work, human relations with time, human relations with nature, and human relations with others. These values are reflected in attitudes of wisdom, honesty, responsibility, hard work, appreciation of experience, environmental awareness, mutual cooperation, deliberation, and respect for customary traditions. Among these orientations, the most dominant is human relations with others. Overall, Serawai folktales function as oral literary heritage and as a medium for transmitting cultural values, preserving local wisdom, and strengthening Serawai cultural identity.

Indonesia is a country rich in cultural diversity, one of which is Javanese culture which is full of philosophical values ​​and symbolic meanings in every practice, including in the traditional wedding procession. One of the important rituals in Javanese traditional weddings is the Panggih Manten ritual, which represents the meeting between the bride and groom with various symbols of life, hope and blessings. Along with the development of the times and the flow of modernization, people's understanding of the philosophical meaning of the ritual has shifted. Some people still carry out this tradition as a hereditary custom without understanding the values ​​contained in it, even giving rise to debates regarding its suitability with Islamic teachings. This study aims to analyze the practice of the Panggih Manten ritual in Javanese traditional wedding traditions and review its suitability with the 'Urf argument in Islamic law. The research method used is qualitative with a juridical-normative approach, while the research location was carried out in Pengkol village, Mantingan District. The results of the study show that the Panggih Manten ritual is basically acceptable in Islamic law as long as it does not conflict with the principles of sharia. Based on analysis from the perspective of al-'urf, several aspects of the Panggih Manten ritual, such as muter asem (the act of making offerings), and the belief in disasters, contain elements that are inconsistent with Islamic law and could potentially lead to idolatry, thus being categorized as al-'urf al-fāsid. Therefore, the Panggih Manten tradition can be preserved through reinterpretation of its meaning and the elimination of elements that contradict Islamic teachings, thus aligning it with Islamic principles.

This study examines the directing approach in portraying the process of character formation through a video feature titled “Ballet: Repetitive Steps, a Formed Self.” The research is grounded in the phenomenon of instant culture in contemporary digital society, which tends to prioritize rapid outcomes over gradual processes. The objective of this study is to explore how directing strategies can construct repetitive ballet training as a meaningful visual narrative that reflects discipline, consistency, and perseverance. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a practice-based approach, where data are collected through observation, documentation, and the creative production process. The findings indicate that directing elements, including shot composition, rhythm, and audio-visual integration, play a significant role in transforming repetitive movements into a dynamic and progressive narrative. Repetition is not merely presented as a technical exercise but as a symbolic process of character development. The study also reveals that visual storytelling can effectively communicate reflective meanings and engage audiences emotionally. The implication of this research suggests that audiovisual works, particularly video features, can serve as a medium to challenge instant-oriented perspectives by emphasizing the value of process in personal development.

This study was conducted to examine the extent to which product price and quality influence consumer interest in purchasing MMTC Tax. These two elements are believed to be the main considerations in the purchase decision-making process. This research applied a quantitative method using a survey technique, in which data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to MMTC Tax service users. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression to measure the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The findings show that both price and product quality have a positive and significant impact on purchasing interest. Together, these two factors were found to significantly influence consumers' willingness to make a purchase. Based on these results, it can be concluded that competitive pricing and superior product quality can drive an increase in the purchasing interest of MMTC Tax consumers.

This study aims to examine the application of an expository approach in the scriptwriting of the documentary film "Jejak Rasa," which highlights Southern Chinese cuisine in Bandung as a representation of cultural acculturation. The background of this research is based on the declining interest of the younger generation in traditional culinary arts due to the influence of globalization and social media trends. The methods used included literature research, field observations, and interviews with relevant sources, such as culinary entrepreneurs and museum officials. The results show that the expository approach is effective in conveying information systematically, factually, and easily understood through the use of voice-over narration as the main direction of the story. Furthermore, the use of an implied first-person perspective creates an emotional connection between the audience and the material presented. This documentary serves not only as an information medium but also as a means of education and preservation of Peranakan Chinese culinary culture. By combining visual elements, narrative, and interviews, this documentary comprehensively presents historical, social, and cultural values. Therefore, this work is expected to raise public awareness of the importance of preserving culinary cultural heritage amidst modern developments.

This study aims to analyze the digital communication strategy of Arrahmah Tour in building pilgrims’ trust through digital media. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through interviews, observation of the company’s official digital media, particularly the website Arrahmah Tour, and documentation of various digital contents such as company profiles, travel packages, pilgrims’ testimonials, and service information. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive-qualitative technique focusing on identifying patterns of digital communication strategies in building trust. The findings show that Arrahmah Tour implements a digital communication strategy focused on building digital trust through three main elements: information transparency, social proof, and communication consistency. Digital media functions not only as a promotional tool but also as an organizational legitimacy instrument and a mechanism for reducing perceived risk among prospective pilgrims. The company’s website serves as an information hub as well as a primary reference in the decision-making process. Thus, the implemented digital communication strategy significantly contributes to building pilgrims’ trust in the context of high uncertainty within the Umrah travel industry.

 The phenomenon of identity crisis in the era of social media has become an increasing evident existential problem in contemporary human life. Individuals tend to construct their identities based on external recognition, such as social validation, popularity, and digital representations that are often unstable. This article aims to examine this identity crisis trough a medieval perspective, particularly the thought of Agustine of Hippo. Using a qualitative method, this study explores the concept of inquietum cor (the restless heart) and the idea of human beings as creatures who find their fulfillment only in relation to God. The findings show that the identity crisis in the social media era can be understood as a form of human alienation from the true source of meaning. When identity is built upon temporal and external elements, individuals experience restslessness, dissatisfaction, and a loss of life direction. Agustine’s thought offers a reflective framework in which true identity is transcendent and rooted in a relationship with God as the highest good (summum bonum). Thus, Agustine’s philosophy remains relevant as a critique of the shallow construction of modern identity, as well as a proposed solution for building a more authentic and meaningful identity amid the currents of digitalization.

This study is motivated by the limited public understanding of the symbolic meaning of properties used in the Grombyang Dance of Pemalang, where most audiences merely enjoy the performance without recognizing the cultural values embedded within it. This research aims to examine and explain the symbolic meanings of the properties used in the Grombyang Dance of Pemalang as performed at Sanggar Seni Kaloka Pemalang. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach using semiotic analysis based on Charles Sanders Peirce, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the performance structure of the Grombyang Dance of Pemalang consists of three main parts: the opening, the core, and the closing, supported by various elements such as theme, movement, performers, makeup, costume, musical accompaniment, stage setting, and properties. The semiotic analysis reveals that the symbolic meaning of the properties can be understood through the relationship between representamen, object, and interpretant. The main property, the irus (ladle), functions as a symbol that not only represents the act of scooping Grombyang soup but also carries a belief-related meaning as a bringer of fortune in trading activities. In conclusion, the properties in the Grombyang Dance of Pemalang serve not only as aesthetic elements but also as a medium of symbolic communication that reflects cultural, social, and belief values within the community. Therefore, they are important to be preserved and more deeply understood by the public.

This study aims to analyze the aesthetic values of Ranggawis Dance as a form of regional creative dance that develops in Purbalingga Regency. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, supported by a choreographic aesthetic approach. The theoretical framework used is the aesthetic theory proposed, which includes aspects of form, content, and performance. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation involving choreographers, musicians, dancers, and related parties in the performance of Ranggawis Dance. The data were analyzed descriptively using a qualitative approach by linking field findings with the applied aesthetic concepts. The results show that the aesthetics of Ranggawis Dance are formed through the harmony of form aspects, including movement, musical elements, and dancer composition; content aspects reflecting values of togetherness and joy within the community; and performance aspects demonstrated through synchronization (rampak) and dancers’ expressions. The dance movements, which combine Banyumasan, Jaipong, and contemporary elements, create a dynamic and harmonious impression, while the use of pentatonic scales strengthens the traditional character. The collaborative creative process between choreographers and musicians also contributes to the overall aesthetic unity of the performance. Therefore, Ranggawis Dance possesses strong aesthetic values, reflects local cultural identity, and has the potential to be further developed as part of traditional art preservation.

The number of cases of sexual violence against children in Indonesia remains alarming, particularly among elementary school-aged children. One factor contributing to children's high vulnerability is a lack of understanding of body boundaries and self-protection. Furthermore, education about the body and self-protection is often considered taboo, resulting in inadequate communication with children. This article discusses the application of a positive narrative approach in writing an educational animation script entitled "Aku Jaga Tubuhku" (I Take Care of My Body) as a self-protection literacy medium for children aged 6–9 years. The research used a descriptive method, outlining the script design process through pre-production, production, and post-production stages. The positive narrative approach was implemented through the development of story, dialogue, characters, and conflict that emphasize child empowerment without creating excessive fear. The results indicate that this approach can help children understand the concepts of body boundaries, safe touch, and unsafe touch in a more concrete and emotionally secure manner. The integration of song elements as memory aids also strengthens children's understanding and retention of the message. Thus, writing an animation script based on a positive narrative can be an effective educational communication strategy for conveying self-protection literacy to elementary school-aged children.

This study examines the application of continuity editing in the film Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku and its role in building the film's narrative structure. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the editing techniques used and identify the editor's contribution to shaping the visual storytelling. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with primary data collected through interviews with the film editor and observations of the film itself. The results of the study indicate that continuity editing functions to maintain narrative continuity and the emotional flow that develops throughout the story. The editing techniques used in this film include cut-in, match on action, and eyeline match, all of which work to create smooth transitions between different scenes. The cutting points in the film become key elements in regulating the rhythm, visual emphasis, and dramatic intensity within the storyline. Each decision regarding the cutting point made by the editor can produce different emotional effects, which directly influence the pacing and dynamics of the story. This study emphasizes that careful editing decisions are crucial in strengthening the visual and dramatic aspects of the film and help build a strong narrative experience for the audience.