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Financial inclusion has become a key driver in promoting sustainable development, especially in the era of Industry 4.0, which is characterized by rapid digitalization, technological innovation, and the transformation of financial services. Although academic interest in this topic continues to grow, research in this field has not been systematically mapped, resulting in limited understanding of global trends and thematic evolution. This study uses bibliometric analysis (BA) to explore developments, intellectual structures, and key research focuses in financial inclusion research. Data were collected from the Scopus database for the period 2015–2025, using keywords related to financial inclusion, thus ensuring a comprehensive dataset for analysis. Bibliometric methods were applied using analytical tools such as VOSviewer and R Studio to support the assessment. The results of the analysis show a consistent increase in the number of publications over the last decade, reflecting growing academic attention. The main contributions came from India, China, and the United States, with increasing participation from universities in Africa and Southeast Asia through international collaboration. The main research focus has shifted from microfinance and poverty alleviation to more digital-oriented themes, including fintech, digital finance, blockchain, and green finance. This study contributes by mapping the structure and trends of financial inclusion research and providing insights for policymakers and academics in developing inclusive financial systems that support national strategies such as the SNKI, MSME digitalization, and financial literacy programs in Indonesia to achieve sustainable development goals.

Public service reform in Indonesia increasingly emphasizes inter-agency collaboration as a mechanism to enhance administrative efficiency, service integration, and responsiveness to citizens’ needs; however, in many regions, including West Kotawaringin Regency, collaborative practices remain fragmented due to uneven human resource (HR) capacities, inconsistencies in standard operating procedures (SOPs), and limited technological integration across institutions. This study aims to examine the current state of HR collaboration, identify key barriers and enabling factors, and propose an integrated and adaptive HR collaboration model to strengthen public service delivery. Using a qualitative multi-case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with leaders and operational staff from multiple regional government agencies and analyzed using NVivo 15 to generate thematic coding and visual tools such as word clouds, hierarchy charts, and project maps. The findings indicate that current collaboration is largely transactional and administrative, exemplified by the physical co-location of agencies at the Public Service Mall (MPP) without effective systemic interoperability. Three critical themes emerged: gaps in HR distribution, competencies, and role clarity; structural and behavioral constraints including sectoral ego, SOP discrepancies, and limited digital integration; and opportunities to enhance collaboration through shared digital dashboards, inter-agency forums, and cross-functional HR mobility. Based on these results, the study proposes a three-pillar Integrated and Adaptive HR Collaboration Model comprising comprehensive digital integration, flexible HR competency sharing, and inclusive service co-creation involving community stakeholders, offering both theoretical contributions to collaborative governance and practical guidance for regional governments seeking to improve public service effectiveness.

The development of digital banks and the operational losses still experienced by PT Bank Aladin Syariah Tbk necessitate a financial health analysis to assess the potential for financial distress. This study aims to assess the potential bankruptcy level of Bank Aladin for the period 2021–2024 using the Modified Altman Z-Score model. The research method is descriptive quantitative with secondary data from annual financial reports and OJK publications, which are analyzed through four main ratios, namely working capital, retained earnings, earnings before taxes, and equity value to total debt. The results show that the Z-Score values are well above the safety threshold, with the highest value of 17.764 in 2021 and the lowest of 9.422 in 2022, mainly driven by high liquidity and equity strength. Thus, it can be concluded that PT Bank Aladin Syariah Tbk is in the Safe Zone category and does not show any potential for bankruptcy during the research period, although an increase in profitability is still needed.

The rapid development of digital streaming platforms such as Netflix has generated a large volume of content data with diverse characteristics, thereby requiring effective analytical methods to understand emerging patterns and trends. This study aims to classify Netflix content into two main categories, namely movies and television shows, and to analyze genre trends and content characteristics using a data mining approach with the Naive Bayes algorithm. The dataset used in this study is the Netflix Shows dataset, consisting of 8,809 content entries, with the primary features analyzed including genre, rating, and country of production. The research process begins with data exploration and preprocessing stages, including data cleaning, handling missing values, and transforming categorical features to enable effective model construction. Subsequently, the dataset is divided into training and testing sets to objectively and systematically build and evaluate the Naive Bayes classification model. Model performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics to assess the model’s ability to accurately distinguish between Netflix content types. The experimental results demonstrate that the Naive Bayes algorithm is able to classify Netflix content into Movie and TV Show categories with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values of 100%, respectively. The confusion matrix indicates that no misclassification occurred, suggesting that genre, rating, and country of production features provide a very clear separation between content classes. These findings indicate that the Naive Bayes algorithm can achieve exceptionally high classification performance with optimal evaluation results. The results further reveal distinct differences in characteristics between movies and television shows based on genre and production attributes. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the development of content recommendation systems and strategic content management within the streaming industry.

Non-formal institutions, such as farmer groups, play a strategic role in increasing farmer capacity and strengthening agricultural production systems at the village level. This study aims to analyze the role, function, and institutional dynamics of the Bina Satu Farmer Group in supporting tomato farmers in Parabubu Village, Mego District. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the Bina Satu Farmer Group serves as a learning platform, a collaborative unit, and a liaison between farmers and external institutions. This institution functions in disseminating information on tomato cultivation technology, strengthening access to production inputs, and enhancing farmers' bargaining power in marketing. However, several weaknesses were identified, such as low member participation in routine meetings and limited managerial skills among administrators. Overall, the existence of this farmer group has significantly contributed to increasing the knowledge, productivity, and independence of tomato farmers in Parabubu Village.

The informal institution of mutual cooperation (gotong royong) in the rice farming community in Bhera Village, Mego District, Sikka Regency, remains the main foundation of social solidarity and the sustainability of agricultural activities even though modernization and the use of labor have begun to shift traditional values. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to explore the role, form, and meaning of mutual cooperation in agricultural practices. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies of rice farmers who are active in mutual cooperation activities. Data analysis was carried out through reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions using triangulation techniques to ensure the validity of the findings. The results show that mutual cooperation is manifested in every stage of farming, from uprooting seedlings, planting (planting), clearing weeds, to harvesting, which is carried out voluntarily and in turns through the Irutan Tradition system. This institution functions as a collective work mechanism that reduces production costs, overcomes labor shortages, and strengthens social ties between farmers. Beyond its economic function, mutual cooperation has profound social and cultural significance as a symbol of brotherhood, togetherness, and collective responsibility in maintaining the sustainability of local wisdom and the resilience of farming communities amidst social and technological change.

This study is a scholarly work by a student of the Early Childhood Education Teacher Education Program, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, supervised by Dra. Rapi Us. Djuko as the first advisor and Mr. Nunung Suryana Jamin, SE, M.Si as the second advisor. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of foreign language development achievements among early childhood learners in Group B at TK Nurul Ilmih. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection methods. A total of 22 children participated as the primary subjects and were actively involved throughout the observation process. The research focused on several linguistic aspects, including language comprehension, verbal expression, basic vocabulary usage, pronunciation ability, and children's responses to bilingual instructions (in both Indonesian and English). The findings indicate that the children’s foreign language development falls within the "developing as expected" category, although it has not yet reached an optimal level. Some children still encounter difficulties in pronouncing English vocabulary, constructing simple sentences, and understanding verbal commands. Several factors influence the progress of their language development, including family background, parenting style, the intensity of teacher-provided stimulation, and habitual exposure to foreign languages in daily school activities. The study concludes that consistent, engaging, and developmentally appropriate stimulation from both teachers and parents plays a crucial role in fostering bilingual proficiency in early childhood.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of role-playing methods on learning interest and number concept mastery in 4-5-year-old children at TK Inomata, Suwawa Selatan District, Bone Bolango Regency. The approach used is a quantitative experimental method with purposive sampling of 8 children, and data collection was carried out through observations of aspects such as enjoyment, focus, activity, and enthusiasm, using a 1-4 scale. The results show that the average learning interest score using the traditional method was only 5.86 (low category), with details: enjoyment 1.71, focus 1.29, activity 1.29, and enthusiasm 1.57. In contrast, the role-playing method of trading/store games showed an average score of 13.86 (very good category), with details: enjoyment 3.57, focus 3.43, activity 3.29, and enthusiasm 3.57. This significant improvement indicates that the role-playing method is more effective in creating interactive, enjoyable, and contextual learning, as well as supporting number comprehension through everyday activity imitation and social skill development. It is recommended to routinely apply this method in early childhood education (PAUD) with adequate teaching aids, as well as involve parents to support the holistic development of children during the golden age.

Stress among early adolescent girls in junior high school is an increasing health concern due to academic demands, social pressure, digital exposure, and menstrual related discomforts. Complementary interventions such as deep-breathing techniques offer a simple method that can be implemented in school settings to rapidly reduce stress. This study aimed to examine the effect of deep-breathing techniques on menstrual related stress among ninth-grade female students at SMPN 2 Rambutan, Banyuasin Regency.  A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was used. The sample consisted of 60 students selected from the ninth-grade population. Stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) focusing on stress during menstruation before and after a single deep-breathing session. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed a significant reduction in stress scores after the intervention (p < 0.001). The proportion of students in the high-stress category decreased from 20% to 6.7%, while those in the low-stress category increased from 10% to 30%. The mean stress score decreased from 21.35 ± 4.82 to 15.42 ± 4.11. This study concludes that deep-breathing techniques are effective in reducing menstrual-related stress in female students within a single session and can be recommended as a complementary strategy that is easy to implement in schools for adolescent menstrual stress management.

Early detection of growth and development is a crucial step in identifying potential developmental delays in early childhood. This activity aimed to increase parents' and teachers' knowledge of child developmental stages and to conduct developmental screening using the Pre-Screening Development Questionnaire (KPSP) for students of Kindergarten X Panyabungan. The methods used included education through lectures and discussions, followed by KPSP screening on 20 children with an average age of five. The assessment covered gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language, and social independence. The screening results showed that all children (100%) were in the "age-appropriate" category, with no "questionable" or "deviation" categories found. 85% of participants stated that this activity was beneficial and increased their knowledge of child development. This activity demonstrated that the KPSP is an effective early detection tool in the school environment and can strengthen collaboration between teachers and parents. It is recommended that schools conduct regular developmental monitoring and provide ongoing stimulation to support optimal child development.

Early detection of growth and development is a crucial step in identifying potential developmental delays in early childhood. This activity aimed to increase parents' and teachers' knowledge of child developmental stages and to conduct developmental screening using the Pre-Screening Development Questionnaire (KPSP) for students of Kindergarten X Panyabungan. The methods used included education through lectures and discussions, followed by KPSP screening on 20 children with an average age of five. The assessment covered gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language, and social independence. The screening results showed that all children (100%) were in the "age-appropriate" category, with no "questionable" or "deviation" categories found. 85% of participants stated that this activity was beneficial and increased their knowledge of child development. This activity demonstrated that the KPSP is an effective early detection tool in the school environment and can strengthen collaboration between teachers and parents. It is recommended that schools conduct regular developmental monitoring and provide ongoing stimulation to support optimal child development.

The mathematics learning outcomes of students at SMP Negeri 3 Bontang on Rational Numbers are still relatively low. Data from the 2019 National Examination (UN) shows an average math score of 46.43, which is in the "poor" category. Summative assessment results indicate that most students have not yet achieved the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP). This situation indicates that the learning process tends to be conventional and lacks active student engagement. Therefore, a more innovative learning model is needed, one of which is the Team Games Tournament (TGT), which combines group work, competition, and educational games. This study aims to determine the effect of the TGT learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Bontang in the topic of Rational Numbers. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental type and a Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The study population was 203 seventh-grade students in the 2024/2025 academic year, with a sample consisting of class VII A as the experimental group (33 students) and class VII F as the control group (34 students), selected through a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was a five-item essay test. The analysis results showed that the average posttest of the experimental group was 67.848, higher than the control group at 61.794. The Independent Sample t-Test produced a significance value of 0.031 <0.05, so H₀ was rejected. This indicates that the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model has a significant effect on improving students' mathematics learning outcomes in the Rational Numbers material.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Christian Religious Education teaching module on the topic "Gratitude for God's Creation" in grade VII of SMP Negeri 12 Palangka Raya. The implementation was carried out to help students understand the meaning of gratitude for God's creation and apply it in everyday life through active and creative learning activities. The learning activities used group discussion methods, faith projects, role-playing, presentations, and personal reflection so that students were directly involved in learning, not only as listeners but as active actors in the learning process. The research subjects were three students who participated in the learning according to the Christian Religious Education subject schedule. The results showed that students were able to recognize and name various creations of God through reading Genesis 1:1–31, express gratitude through poster works and simple songs, and show enthusiasm during the learning process. The assessment of learning outcomes showed that two students obtained the good category and one student the adequate category, which means that the implementation of this teaching module has a positive impact on the development of students' knowledge, attitudes, and skills.

This study aims to examine the effect of employee competence, behavioral control, and trust on employee performance at the Bojonegoro District Health Office with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as an intervening variable. The background of this study is related to the importance of employee performance in achieving public service organizational goals, particularly in the health sector. This study uses an explanatory quantitative method with a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The research sample consisted of 100 employees at the Bojonegoro District Health Office. The results of the analysis show that the influence of employee competence on employee performance is not significant, but employee competence has a significant influence on OCB. Behavioral control has a significant effect on employee performance, but its effect on OCB is not significant. Trust has a significant effect on OCB, but its direct effect on employee performance does not. OCB is proven to have a significant effect on employee performance. Therefore, OCB plays an important role as a mediator in improving employee performance. This study provides a theoretical contribution by clarifying the relationship between variables in the context of public service-based government organizations. In practical terms, the results of this study are expected to form the basis for recommendations to improve the quality of human resources and develop managerial strategies at the Bojonegoro District Health Office in order to support the effectiveness and efficiency of public services.

This study aims to analyze the application of accounting according to PSAK 65 concerning consolidated financial statements to assess the company's financial performance at PT Warung Begok Indonesia. The object of this study is a company in the field of processed livestock manufacturing for the period 2023-2024. The data in this study are primary data sourced from the annual financial reports of the head office and branches. The total sample in this study was 3 company financial reports. Data collection techniques used interviews and documentation. The hypothesis in this study was tested using descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the data analysis carried out in this study, it shows that the financial statements before and after consolidation have an effect on the assessment of the company's financial performance. This study contributes to increasing knowledge and understanding of the head office and branch consolidated reports according to PSAK 65, and can assess the company's financial performance. Although the consolidated report has been carried out, it is hoped that the company will continue to apply controls and policies in its implementation, because this can affect the assessment of the company's financial performance so that it will be useful in decision making.

This study examines passenger service procedures on the KM Gunung Dempo at PT PELNI's Sorong Branch, specifically related to the efficiency of the embarkation and disembarkation processes. This study was motivated by operational constraints such as long queues, limited terminal facilities, and low staff productivity. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a quantitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis was conducted by calculating time efficiency and service productivity. The results revealed a time efficiency level of 66.7% (categorized as inefficient), where the actual time reached 180 minutes from the standard of 120 minutes. In addition, staff productivity was only 0.73 passengers/minute, still below the ideal standard (≥ 1 passenger/minute). The main inhibiting factors include a lack of personnel, a manual ticket verification system, minimal terminal facilities, and weak inter-agency coordination.

Physical fitness is a fundamental determinant of athletic performance and is strongly influenced by dietary intake and lifestyle behaviors. Adequate protein consumption is essential for muscle development and energy metabolism, whereas smoking has detrimental effects on lung function and aerobic capacity. This study aimed to explore the relationship between protein intake and smoking habits with physical fitness, measured by maximal oxygen uptake, among athletes of Persela Football Academy under-eighteen. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was applied, involving adolescent male athletes. Protein intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, smoking habits were obtained through structured interviews, and maximal oxygen uptake was measured using the multistage fitness test. Findings revealed that the average daily protein intake of athletes was relatively high, while the mean maximal oxygen uptake score fell within the good category. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant association between protein intake and aerobic fitness, as well as between smoking habits and aerobic fitness. The results indicate that lower protein intake and higher smoking frequency are linked to reduced physical fitness capacity. This study highlights the importance of nutritional interventions and healthy lifestyle promotion as integral components in the development of youth athletes to optimize performance and prevent decline in fitness.

This research examines inter-ethnic marriages between Acehnese and Bugis-Makassar communities in Makassar City from 1990 to 2004, which emerged as a consequence of social mobility, cross-cultural interaction, and compatibility of religious values. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors that trigger inter-ethnic marriages, the underlying customary processes, and the socio-cultural dynamics that occur within family life. This research uses historical methods, including the heuristic stage, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, with data obtained thru in-depth interviews with four families and related documentary sources. The research findings indicate that holding a wedding requires cultural negotiation between the two groups, with some families adopting traditional Acehnese ceremonial customs, while others implement Bugis-Makassar traditions. In family life, couples face differences in values regarding communication, gender role division, and religious practices, which are then overcome thru a dialogue-based process of adaptation and compromise. This process results in the formation of hybrid cultural identities, the expansion of social networks, and the strengthening of inter-ethnic integration. Overall, intertribal marriages serve as a medium for cultural reconciliation and a means of building more inclusive social relationships in a multicultural society.

This research examines inter-ethnic marriages between Acehnese and Bugis-Makassar communities in Makassar City from 1990 to 2004, which emerged as a consequence of social mobility, cross-cultural interaction, and compatibility of religious values. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors that trigger inter-ethnic marriages, the underlying customary processes, and the socio-cultural dynamics that occur within family life. This research uses historical methods, including the heuristic stage, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, with data obtained thru in-depth interviews with four families and related documentary sources. The research findings indicate that holding a wedding requires cultural negotiation between the two groups, with some families adopting traditional Acehnese ceremonial customs, while others implement Bugis-Makassar traditions. In family life, couples face differences in values regarding communication, gender role division, and religious practices, which are then overcome thru a dialogue-based process of adaptation and compromise. This process results in the formation of hybrid cultural identities, the expansion of social networks, and the strengthening of inter-ethnic integration. Overall, intertribal marriages serve as a medium for cultural reconciliation and a means of building more inclusive social relationships in a multicultural society.

This study aims to describe the implementation of environmental literacy through the One Student One Plant Movement program at MI Muhammadiyah Gawang. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out using questionnaires and documentation. This program is designed through three main stages, namely environmental literacy socialization, program implementation, and plant care assistance. The results of the study indicate that the program is effective in improving students' environmental literacy, evidenced by the average student environmental literacy score of 62.8 before the program (pretest) with a sufficient category and 82.4 after the program (posttest) with a good category, which indicates an increase of 19.6 or 31.2% in environmental literacy scores. This program also contributes to positive changes in student behavior, such as increased awareness of environmental cleanliness and initiatives in caring for plants. Through these activities, students not only gain knowledge about the environment but also real-life experience in maintaining and caring for plants, connecting theory with practice. This program has succeeded in increasing student awareness and involvement in environmental issues, and can be used as a model for similar programs in other schools.