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Decentralisation and democracy are two interrelated concepts in governance reform, particularly in improving the effectiveness of regional development. Decentralisation is often seen as an instrument to strengthen democracy by bringing the decision-making process closer to the people. This study aims to analyse the trend of research publications on decentralisation in Indonesia using a bibliometric analysis approach. The articles used in this study were obtained from Scopus data. From 472 articles found in the scopus database between 1999 and 2025. The selected articles were then managed using biblioshiny and Vosviewer software. The results show that publications related to decentralisation have fluctuated over the last 27 years. The article with the most citations entitled Decentralisation and Democracy in Indonesia: A Critique of Neo-Institutionalist Perspectives has 213 citations. Meanwhile, the highest affiliation shows that the University of Indonesia is the institution with a total of 25 publications. The mapping of articles based on the relationship between keywords (co-occurance) is formed into 8 clusters, each cluster describes topics that are often discussed in decentralisation-related literature such as Indonesia, decentralization, democracy, local government, governance approach, election, Asia and southeast Asia.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly altered the landscape of business decision-making, particularly for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Despite their critical role in economic growth and employment generation, MSMEs frequently encounter substantial barriers related to technological adoption, digital literacy, and resource allocation. This research systematically investigates the utilization of artificial intelligence as a responsive innovation mechanism designed to optimize decision-making processes within the MSME sector. By employing a comprehensive systematic literature review methodology, analyzing peer-reviewed publications from globally recognized academic databases between 2018 and 2024, this study delineates the multifaceted benefits, complex challenges, and contextualized adoption strategies associated with AI integration. The findings reveal that artificial intelligence holds transformative potential for enhancing operational efficiency, refining predictive analytics, and sustaining long-term competitiveness. Conversely, critical challenges, including inadequate digital infrastructure, financial constraints, and organizational resistance, remain pervasive obstacles. Consequently, the study advocates for a gradual, responsive innovation approach that aligns technological adoption with specific business needs and environmental pressures. The insights derived from this research offer substantial theoretical and practical implications, providing a strategic framework for policymakers and MSME owners to accelerate digital transformation inclusively.

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..

King Royal Hotel Restaurant still applies manual sales transaction recording, causing data management and revenue report preparation to be less than optimal. This study aims to design and implement a Flutter-based sales and revenue reporting application that utilizes local storage as a data storage mechanism on the device. The system development method used is the Waterfall method, which includes the stages of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The application was developed using the Flutter framework with the Dart programming language and utilizes the shared_preferences and hive packages for local data management on the device without requiring an internet connection or external database server. In addition, the application is designed to be easy for restaurant employees to use in recording daily transactions more quickly and accurately. Testing was conducted using the Black Box Testing method, which showed that all application features functioned according to functional requirements. The results of the study indicate that the Flutter-based application with a local storage approach is capable of improving transaction recording efficiency and generating revenue reports automatically at King Royal Hotel Restaurant.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the development of social skills in early adolescence. The method used was a literature review. Researchers reviewed and synthesized the results of relevant previous studies, sourced from scientific journals and credible digital databases. The analysis results show a consistent relationship between the type of parenting style and the quality of social skills. Democratic parenting has been shown to make a significant positive contribution to communication skills, empathy, cooperation, emotional control, and adjustment in social environments. Adolescents raised with this parenting style tend to have better self-confidence and are able to build healthy social interactions at school and in the community. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to have less beneficial impacts. This is characterized by the emergence of social anxiety, low initiative, difficulty adhering to social norms, and limitations in establishing interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parents in shaping the social competence of early adolescents. The study concludes that implementing a balanced, consistent, and communicative parenting style is a key factor in supporting the development of social skills. Collaboration between the family and the educational environment needs to be strengthened.

The development of information technology encourages public service agencies to improve the quality of service through the use of integrated information systems. PERUM DAMRI Ende as a provider of passenger transportation services, still faces problems in delivering information on schedules, routes, fares, and vehicle data management that has not been optimally integrated, thus causing uncertainty for service users. This study aims to design and build a Passenger Transport Vehicle Information System at PERUM DAMRI Ende to improve fleet data management efficiency, route scheduling, and customer information access. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative descriptive approach. System development is carried out using the Waterfall method, which includes the stages of needs analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The system is built as a web-based application using the PHP programming language and a MySQL database, and tested using the Black-Box Testing method. The results of the study are expected to help PERUM DAMRI Ende manage vehicle and schedule data more effectively, improve service quality, and provide the public with greater convenience in obtaining passenger transportation information.

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengembangkan sistem input nilai kinerja karyawan agar lebih akurat dan efisien; (2) merancang Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) dan struktur basis data untuk mendukung pengolahan data karyawan; serta (3) membangun backend sistem dengan autentikasi dan otorisasi berbasis peran. Ruang lingkup mencakup pengelolaan data kinerja individu yang sebelumnya dilakukan secara manual menggunakan spreadsheet dan rentan terhadap kesalahan input. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan data kinerja kuartal kedua, perancangan ERD, serta pengembangan backend web application IHSAN POS menggunakan JavaScript dan framework Express yang terintegrasi dengan PostgreSQL, DBeaver, dan Prisma ORM. Implementasi keamanan dilakukan melalui middleware validasi input, sanitasi data, perlindungan dari serangan SQL injection dan XSS, serta pengelolaan sesi menggunakan enkripsi JWT (JSON Web Token). Sistem yang dikembangkan mencakup enam fitur terintegrasi: Halaman Login, Halaman Profil, Formulir Edit Profil, Halaman Nilai Kinerja Individu dan Kontrak Kerja, Formulir Kontrak Kerja, serta Pratinjau Surat Kontrak Kerja. Hasil pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa sistem backend yang dibangun mampu meningkatkan efisiensi proses evaluasi kinerja, memperbaiki integrasi data, serta mempermudah validasi dan pelaporan secara digital dan terstruktur. Kesimpulannya, pengembangan sistem ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam peningkatan efisiensi, akurasi, dan transparansi evaluasi kinerja karyawan, serta mendukung pengambilan keputusan strategis terkait insentif dan pengembangan karier pegawai.

 This study examines women’s transformational leadership in educational institutions through a systematic literature review approach. The increasing involvement of women in leadership positions in schools and universities has attracted academic attention to understand their contribution to organizational development and the improvement of educational quality. This study aims to synthesize recent empirical research findings on women’s transformational leadership in education. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing relevant studies published between 2021–2026 through academic databases such as Google Scholar and ScienceDirect using the keywords “transformational leadership,” “women leadership,” and “education or school.” After a selection process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 empirical articles were analyzed. The findings indicate that female leaders tend to demonstrate transformational leadership characteristics, including inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence, and individualized consideration. These leadership practices positively affect teacher motivation and performance, organizational commitment, organizational climate, and learning innovation. However, women in leadership positions still face challenges such as gender stereotypes, structural bias, and social expectations regarding gender roles, indicating the need for institutional support and more inclusive policies.

This research is motivated by the increasing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in organizational transformation and the crucial function of leadership in ensuring its successful implementation. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between leadership, AI integration, and organizational performance, as well as to identify various challenges and supporting factors in the process. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) method by examining 30 relevant, reputable scientific articles from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases within the 2020–2026 timeframe through selection, evaluation, and thematic synthesis processes. The results indicate that AI integration significantly contributes to improving operational efficiency, data-driven decision-making quality, and organizational innovation. However, this success heavily depends on the role of adaptive, transformational, and digitally-oriented leadership capable of steering the technological vision. Conversely, major challenges were identified, such as employee resistance, limited digital competencies, and ethical issues surrounding data privacy. This study contributes to strengthening the conceptual understanding of leadership's role as a bridge between technology and organizational performance, while offering practical implications for management in designing effective, inclusive, and sustainable digital transformation strategies.

Mergers and acquisitions have served as a primary strategy for global banking consolidation over the past three decades, including in Indonesia, which is currently undergoing one of its most massive consolidation waves—one notable example being the emergence of Bank Syariah Indonesia. This article aims to provide a narrative review of the literature on the operational impacts of mergers on bank performance, with a particular focus on implications for the Indonesian context. Based on a systematic search of the Scopus database, 52 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 were analyzed using a narrative thematic synthesis approach. Five main themes were identified: cost efficiency, service quality, risk management, human resource and cultural integration, and information systems and technology integration. The key findings indicate that although 73.1% of studies report post-merger improvements in cost efficiency, these benefits are highly contingent upon the quality of post-merger integration especially in the areas of human resources, organizational culture, and information technology with IT integration failure rates reaching as high as 75%. Domestic mergers consistently achieve efficiency gains more rapidly than cross-border mergers, whereas risk implications depend heavily on the type of merger and the quality of integration. Policy implications include the need for the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) to monitor post-merger integration quality, provide integration guidelines for smaller banks, take into account the specific characteristics of Islamic banks, and ensure a streamlined, non-burdensome licensing process. Further research particularly empirical studies on banking mergers in Indonesia—is urgently needed to test the generalizability of global findings to the local context.

Industrial hygiene management plays a critical role in protecting worker health by controlling exposure to hazardous factors in the workplace. However, many work environments still show suboptimal implementation, leading to increased risks of occupational diseases. This study aims to analyze the implementation of industrial hygiene management systems in improving worker health based on a literature review approach. The method used is a literature review by collecting and analyzing scientific articles from national databases published between 2021 and 2026. A total of ten relevant articles were selected through a systematic screening process based on predefined inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that workplace hazards such as physical, chemical, and ergonomic factors are significantly associated with various health problems, including respiratory disorders, musculoskeletal issues, and work-related fatigue. The implementation of industrial hygiene management systems, including hazard identification, risk control measures, use of personal protective equipment, and environmental monitoring, has been shown to reduce health risks among workers. However, the effectiveness of implementation is influenced by factors such as worker compliance, management commitment, and availability of facilities. These results highlight the importance of a comprehensive and systematic approach to industrial hygiene in maintaining worker health and preventing occupational diseases. Therefore, strengthening the implementation of industrial hygiene management systems is essential to create a safe and healthy working environment and to support sustainable occupational health practices.

Laparotomy is a major surgical procedure associated with a high risk of acute postoperative pain. According to Gan (2017), if pain is not properly managed, it can progress to chronic pain. (Toro et al., 2018) reported that severe pain on the first postoperative day is still commonly found in laparotomy patients, while (Small & Laycock, 2020) indicated that moderate to severe pain within the first 24 hours following major surgery remains a significant clinical issue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological pain management following laparotomy under general anesthesia, specifically to identify the types of opioid analgesics used, analyze their effectiveness in reducing pain intensity, identify side effects, and examine administration techniques and routes. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases covering the years 2015–2026. The included studies comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and retrospective studies addressing opioid pharmacological pain management in adult patients following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Study quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instrument. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the systematic literature review indicate that opioids are effective in reducing postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. The most commonly used opioids are morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone. Of all the opioids reviewed, oxycodone provided the best pain control, while intrathecal morphine was most effective in reducing the need for supplemental opioids during the early postoperative period. Other opioids, such as extended-release dinalbuphine sebacate and tegileridine, are also effective, but the number of studies is still limited. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation, and dizziness. Pharmacological pain management using opioids is effective in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone are the most commonly used opioids. Oxycodone and intrathecal morphine have shown good results in improving pain control and reducing the need for supplemental opioids. The selection of opioid type, dosage, and administration technique must be tailored to the patient’s clinical condition to achieve optimal analgesia with minimal side effects.

Management psychology is an important approach in managing educational organizations, as it emphasizes understanding individual behavior, motivation, and patterns of interaction within an institution. In practice, educational management requires not only managerial skills but also insight into psychological factors that influence teachers’ performance, the learning process, and overall organizational dynamics. Therefore, studying management psychology is relevant to examine how these concepts are applied in educational settings. This study aims to explore the development of research on management psychology in the field of education and to identify its role and contribution to improving the effectiveness of educational organizations. The research questions addressed in this study are: (1) how has management psychology been developed in educational research, and (2) how does it contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of organizational management in education? This research employs a qualitative literature review method. The literature search was conducted using the Google Scholar database with the assistance of the Publish or Perish application, using the keyword “management psychology.” From the initial 30 articles identified, a screening and selection process was carried out, resulting in 5 articles that were analyzed in depth. The findings reveal three main themes in the literature: classroom and learning management, leadership in educational organizations, and the development of work environment and human resource performance. These results indicate that management psychology plays a significant role in improving the effectiveness of educational institutions. Therefore, future research is recommended to examine the empirical application of management psychology across various educational organizational contexts in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding.

Diarrhea remains a leading cause of mortality among toddlers in Indonesia, with a prevalence reaching 4,9%. In addition to pharmacological management through LINTAS DIARE, non-pharmacological therapies such as baby massage are increasingly being implemented as supportive interventions that families can perform to accelerate recovery. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of baby massage as a complementary therapy in reducing the frequency and intensity of diarrhea in toddlers. The method used involved identifying relevant articles from Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar databases using appropriate keywords. Based on the 6 articles obtained, baby massage significantly (p = 0,000) reduces the frequency and intensity of diarrhea through vagus nerve stimulation, which optimizes intestinal peristalsis and nutrient absorption. Beyond improving defecation patterns, this therapy is proven to significantly increase infant weight, accelerate motor development through central nervous system stimulation, and enhance sleep quality and comfort.

This study examines how environmental, social, and governance issues shape the impact of financial success on firm value. To understand the link between the variables, the legitimacy theory and signal theory are employed. The population used includes non-financial enterprises from 2019–2023 that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and are part of the Refinitiv database. Secondary data was gathered from the Indonesia Stock Exchange, official corporate websites, and the Refinitiv database in the form of sustainability reports, annual reports, and ESG scores. The sample size is 176 company data points over 5 years, selected using the purposive sampling method. Firm value is positively and significantly impacted by financial success, according to the research findings. ESG also improves the link between firm value and financial performance, according to the study. Lastly, the study's results also show that ESG increases business value, while not significantly. These findings suggest that the study's ESG variable is a pure moderator variable. Furthermore, the implications of the research both theoretically and practically have been discussed.

This study aims to design and develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based application for real-time data monitoring of an automatic weather station at PT. XYZ. The system was developed using a prototyping method, involving five key stages: sensor data acquisition via CBOX devices and the Modbus RTU protocol, data transmission through a Flask-based Web API, storage in a MySQL database, QR code-based target image creation using the Vuforia Engine, and a 3D visualization interface developed with Unity integrated with the Vuforia SDK on Android devices. The system successfully received and stored weather data—such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed—into the MySQL database. The AR application also displayed a stable 3D interface panel over QR code markers, providing real-time data updates through an HTTP-based mechanism. This research demonstrates the successful integration of SCADA, Flask, MySQL, and Unity, enhancing both the functionality and commercial appeal of PT. XYZ’s weather station products. Future research should focus on field testing, cloud network integration, and device compatibility.

Health communication plays a crucial role in dental practice, particularly in conveying sensitive clinical information or bad news. Barriers to communication can increase patient anxiety, decrease adherence to therapy, and impact the quality of healthcare services. The SPIKES protocol presents a six-stage, systematic and empathetic communication model for conveying clinical information. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the SPIKES protocol as a health communication model in dental practice. The study used a systematic literature review method with data sources from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for the period 2020–2025. Article selection was carried out using the PRISMA approach based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the SPIKES protocol can improve the clarity of information delivery, strengthen the relationship between healthcare professionals and patients, and reduce patient anxiety. In addition, the empathetic approach in SPIKES contributes to increased patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment plans. In conclusion, the implementation of the SPIKES protocol can support the improvement of the quality of clinical communication in dental practice through the delivery of targeted, humanistic, and patient-centered information.

Health communication plays a crucial role in dental practice, particularly in conveying sensitive clinical information or bad news. Barriers to communication can increase patient anxiety, decrease adherence to therapy, and impact the quality of healthcare services. The SPIKES protocol presents a six-stage, systematic and empathetic communication model for conveying clinical information. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the SPIKES protocol as a health communication model in dental practice. The study used a systematic literature review method with data sources from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for the period 2020–2025. Article selection was carried out using the PRISMA approach based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the SPIKES protocol can improve the clarity of information delivery, strengthen the relationship between healthcare professionals and patients, and reduce patient anxiety. In addition, the empathetic approach in SPIKES contributes to increased patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment plans. In conclusion, the implementation of the SPIKES protocol can support the improvement of the quality of clinical communication in dental practice through the delivery of targeted, humanistic, and patient-centered information.

Libraries play a crucial role in broadening the public's knowledge horizons by improving literacy skills. However, the reality at the Samaturu Library in Jambu Malea Village shows that manual management still dominates, leading to various administrative obstacles such as data irregularities, the risk of losing important information, and inefficiencies in tracking daily activities. This condition demands digital transformation to optimize public services at the village level comprehensively and sustainably. This research focuses on the development of a web-based library information system specifically designed to modernize administrative processes to be more systematic, fast, and organized. Built using the PHP programming language and MySQL database, this platform offers an intuitive interface for both staff and members. Its superior features include book data management, membership, activity agendas, announcements, and digitizing the borrowing and return process. Furthermore, the system is capable of automatically generating periodic reports to facilitate library performance evaluation. Based on the results of comprehensive testing using the Black Box Testing method, all system functionality was proven to operate optimally according to the required specifications. Direct user trials also showed very positive responses regarding aspects of ease of navigation and operational time efficiency. The implementation of this system is expected to improve the effectiveness of internal management, accelerate the quality of services to library users, and become a major catalyst in realizing superior digital literacy governance in rural areas.