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Introduction: Bronchopneumonia is an inflammatory lung condition involving one or more lobes, characterized by patchy infiltrates commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (30–50% of cases), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae in more severe infections. Clinical manifestations include high fever, restlessness, dyspnea, rapid and shallow breathing accompanied by rales, vomiting, and either dry or productive cough. Respiratory infections may trigger inflammatory responses that increase excessive mucus production. Case Illustration: A 1-year-5-month-old girl weighing 7.9 kg presented to RSUD Ir. Soekarno Sukoharjo with shortness of breath and intermittent fever for six days, accompanied by vomiting, decreased appetite and fluid intake, cough, weakness, runny nose, and oral sores. Physical examination revealed a weak general condition, compos mentis consciousness, dyspnea, wheezing, and fine wet rales in both lung bases. Dysmorphic facial features consistent with Down syndrome were observed. Laboratory findings showed leukopenia, eosinopenia, and elevated RDW-CV, while chest radiography indicated bilateral bronchopneumonia. Management included intravenous fluids, antibiotics, antipyretics, antiemetics, and bronchodilators. The patient was diagnosed with sixth-day fever due to bronchopneumonia, mild-to-moderate dehydration, recurrent nausea and vomiting, atrial septal defect, and Down syndrome.

This study aims to analyze the investigation process involving children as perpetrators of trafficking in persons at the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) of Bukittinggi Police Resort and to assess the forms of legal protection provided at each stage of the examination. This research applies an empirical juridical approach by combining literature review and field research through interviews with investigators and related parties. The findings indicate that the investigation process has been conducted in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, while upholding the principle of the best interests of the child. Legal protection is implemented through legal assistance, closed hearings, limited detention periods, and coordination with relevant institutions to support the child’s recovery and rehabilitation. However, several obstacles remain, including the limited number of investigators, restricted investigation timeframes, and difficulties in presenting witnesses. This study concludes that legal protection for children involved as perpetrators of trafficking in persons has been carried out in line with normative regulations, yet it requires strengthened institutional capacity and inter-agency coordination to ensure more effective implementation.

The position of children in marriage plays an important role in family law because it is related to the legal status and fulfillment of children's civil rights. Differences in regulations regarding legitimate children and children born out of wedlock in Indonesian positive law create legal uncertainty, particularly regarding civil relations with biological fathers. This study aims to analyze the legal status of legitimate children and illegitimate children and the changes in the legal paradigm following Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VII/2010. This study uses normative legal methods with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that before the Constitutional Court decision, illegitimate children only had a civil relationship with their mother and their mother's family, whereas after the decision, illegitimate children can have a civil relationship with their biological father as long as the blood relationship can be legally proven. This decision confirms legal reform efforts to guarantee protection and legal certainty for children without discrimination based on birth status.

Pengunaan peralatan elektromedik merupakan faktor krusial dalam pemantauan kesehatan bayi dan anak terutama pada akurasi hasil yang di peroleh. Sesuai dari data yang didapat bahwa mitra telah memiliki sarana medis dasar yang memadai, namun diperlukan standarisasi manajemen pemeliharaan untuk menjaga fungsionalitas alat dalam jangka panjang. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memperkuat kapasitas teknis para pengasuh dalam pengoperasian dan perawatan peralatan medis secara mandiri. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pemetaan kondisi alat (inventarisasi), sosialisasi prosedur teknis, serta simulasi praktik pemeliharaan preventif. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman praktis pengasuh mengenai aspek teknis alat, seperti perawatan mandiri, perawatan sensor oximeter, dan manajemen penyimpanan perangkat elektronik. Sebagai bentuk keberlanjutan program, telah disusun "Buku Saku SOP Perawatan Peralatan Medis" yang berfungsi sebagai panduan operasional harian bagi staf pengasuh. Luaran dari pengabdian ini memberikan dampak positif bagi mitra berupa tersedianya panduan sistem perawatan yang lebih terorganisir. Simpulan dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi antara edukasi teknis dan penyediaan panduan tertulis mampu mengoptimalkan masa pakai alat medis serta menjamin validitas hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan anak. Sinergi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi model bagi lembaga sosial dalam mewujudkan layanan kesehatan mandiri yang berkualitas

Stunting merupakan kondisi pada balita yang ditandai dengan tinggi badan menurut usia berada di bawah standar. Kondisi ini terjadi akibat asupan zat gizi yang tidak adekuat dalam jangka waktu panjang. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi digunakan dalam upaya pencegahan stunting adalah daun kelor. Daun kelor dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan untuk membantu mengatasi kekurangan gizi pada anak-anak sekaligus meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk sosialisasi dan demonstrasi pembuatan puding daun kelor di balai desa kopek dengan 15 peserta. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan memanfaatkan daun kelor sebagai bahan pangan yang bernilai gizi. Kegiatan sosialisasi dan demonstrasi pembuatan puding daun kelor diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan derajat kesehatan dan pemenuhan gizi seimbang masyarakat Desa Kopek.

Helminth infections caused by Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) and Taenia sp. remain a major public health concern in tropical regions, including Indonesia, particularly among elementary school children. This study aimed to identify the presence of eggs and larvae of intestinal nematodes and cestodes in fecal samples collected from elementary school children in Bekoso Village, East Kalimantan. The research employed a descriptive survey method with a cross-sectional approach, and laboratory examinations were conducted using the Kato-Katz technique. A total of 16 fecal samples were examined to detect Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Taenia sp. eggs. The results showed that 12.5% of samples were positive for hookworm eggs, 12.5% for Taenia sp. eggs, and 6.25% for Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. These findings indicate that poor personal hygiene and inadequate environmental sanitation contribute to an increased risk of intestinal helminth transmission. The study highlights the importance of preventive efforts through the promotion of clean and healthy living behaviors, consistent use of footwear, handwashing with soap, and community participation in mass deworming programs to reduce the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections among elementary school children.

Background: Preschool age, which is 4-6 years, is a crucial stage in child development. Delays in development and growth in children will have long-term impacts on their cognitive, social, and emotional abilities. Children's diet and parenting styles are greatly influenced by their growth and development. Objective: This study aims to examine how parenting styles and nutritional status are related to the development of preschool children. Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design and involved fifty parents of preschool children aged between 4 and 6 years. Total sampling was used as the sampling technique. To conduct bivariate analysis, researchers used the Spearman rank correlation test. PSDQ or Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire was used to collect data on parenting styles, Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II) was used to assess child development, and Z scores were used to determine the child's nutritional status. Results: The majority of respondents indicated an authoritative (democratic) parenting style (88%), good nutritional status (88%), and normal child development (80%). There was a significant correlation between parenting style and child development, with p = 0.004 and r = 0.405. Meanwhile, for nutritional status and child development, the p value was 0.013 with r = 0.351. Conclusion: Nutritional status and democratic parenting style were significantly correlated with preschool children's development. Education on balanced parenting and nutrition needs to be strengthened through family-based nursing interventions.

Buillying is a form of violeincei that freiquieintly occuirs in school einvironmeints and can neigativeily affeict childrein’s psychological, social, and acadeimic deiveilopmeint. As suibjeicts of law, childrein havei thei right to reiceiivei proteiction from all forms of violeincei as reiguilateid by statuitory provisions. This Commuinity Seirvicei Program (Kuiliah Keirja Nyata/KKN) aims to increiasei stuideints’ awareineiss at SDN 2 Waydadi reigarding thei dangeirs of buillying and thei importancei of child leigal proteiction throuigh anti-buillying socialization activitieis. Thei meithod eimployeid was leigal couinseiling uising an eiduicational and participatory approach, incluiding mateirial preiseintations, inteiractivei discuissions, and thei provision of simplei casei eixampleis adapteid to thei agei leiveil of eileimeintary school stuideints. Thei reisuilts of thei activity indicatei an increiasei in stuideints’ uindeirstanding of thei deifinition and typeis of buillying, its impacts, preiveintion eifforts, and availablei forms of leigal proteiction as reiguilateid uindeir thei Child Proteiction Law, and  thei Indoneisian Criminal Codei. This activity is eixpeicteid to seirvei as a preiveintivei eiffort to reiduicei buillying and to suipport thei creiation of a safei and child-frieindly school einvironmeint.

Motor development in early childhood is a crucial foundation for executive functions and psychosocial health. However, the current sedentary lifestyle and gadget dependency hinder the optimization of this physical potential. This community service aims to enhance children's self-confidence and physical agility through the "Active Movement Exploration: Fun Agility Game" program. The activity was conducted at TK Negeri PAUD Tamalate, Makassar, involving 93 children in the initial observation. The method employed was Guided Modeling-Practice, which includes agility circuit preparation, demonstration, and guided exploration. The game instruments included Zig-Zag Safari, Stop-Go Traffic, Balance River Stones, Ball-to-Target Trail, and Choose-Your-Path. The results showed a significant improvement in Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS), particularly in agility, balance, and manipulative coordination. Additionally, there was progress in psychological aspects, specifically in self-regulation, autonomy, and self-efficacy. In conclusion, the integration of structured yet enjoyable agility games is effective in building a strong physical and character foundation in early childhood.    

Penyuluhan hukum ini bertujuan membangun kesadaran hukum melalui penguatan “konstitusi batin”, yaitu kesadaran nilai moral, etika, dan tanggung jawab dalam diri individu sebagai dasar berperilaku dalam kehidupan pribadi dan sosial. Bagi anak-anak dan remaja di panti sosial, kesadaran hukum tidak cukup hanya melalui pemahaman aturan, tetapi perlu ditumbuhkan melalui pembentukan karakter, kedisiplinan, serta penghargaan terhadap nilai-nilai Pancasila dan norma kehidupan bersama. Melalui pendekatan edukatif dan dialogis, kegiatan penyuluhan hukum oleh Fakultas Hukum UNTAG Semarang di Panti Sosial Pelayanan Anak Tawangmangu Karanganyar ini diharapkan mampu menanamkan pemahaman bahwa hukum hadir untuk melindungi, membimbing, dan menciptakan ketertiban serta keadilan. Dengan terbentuknya konstitusi batin yang kuat, anak-anak diharapkan tumbuh menjadi pribadi berintegritas, sadar hukum, dan bertanggung jawab dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara.

Listening skills are frequently regarded as the most challenging aspect of English language acquisition due to the complexity of the cognitive processes involved. In an orphanage environment, limited access to learning resources remains a primary obstacle to the development of this competence. This community outreach initiative aims to sharpen the listening skills of children at the Bonang Orphanage in Banjarmasin through the integration of subtitled YouTube videos and interactive repetition drill techniques. The implementation method involved 20 children selected via purposive sampling, utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design. The intervention procedure encompassed the presentation of listening strategies, interactive discussions, and structured repetition exercises designed to build phonological automaticity. Quantitative evaluation results indicated a significant improvement, with the participants' mean score rising from 82.9 on the pretest to 86.7 on the posttest, with a maximum achievement score of 94. The discussion reveals that the use of subtitles serves as a visual scaffolding mechanism that facilitates sound-to-form mapping, while repetition drills strengthen the participants' working memory. Overall, the utilization of digital media and repetitive exercises proved effective in lowering cognitive barriers and increasing the participants' active engagement in English language learning.

Status gizi ibu dan anak merupakan indikator penting kesehatan masyarakat dan berperan besar dalam pencegahan anemia, kekurangan energi kronis (KEK), dan stunting. Rendahnya literasi gizi serta keterbatasan kemandirian ibu dalam melakukan deteksi dini status gizi masih menjadi tantangan di tingkat komunitas. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran ibu mengenai gizi seimbang serta kemampuan deteksi dini status gizi ibu dan anak melalui edukasi berbasis teknologi informasi. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Persiapan dilakukan melalui observasi awal dan pengembangan media edukasi digital. Pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan penyuluhan langsung, diskusi interaktif, serta pengenalan aplikasi edukasi gizi dan deteksi dini pertumbuhan anak. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pre-test dan post-test untuk menilai perubahan tingkat pengetahuan peserta. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 22 ibu sebagai peserta. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan, ditandai dengan meningkatnya jumlah peserta pada kategori pengetahuan baik dan tidak ditemukannya lagi peserta dengan kategori pengetahuan kurang setelah intervensi. Peserta menunjukkan antusiasme dan komitmen untuk menerapkan prinsip gizi seimbang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Edukasi gizi seimbang berbasis teknologi informasi terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan literasi gizi ibu dan berpotensi mendukung deteksi dini masalah gizi secara mandiri. Kegiatan ini direkomendasikan untuk diintegrasikan secara berkelanjutan dalam program kesehatan ibu dan anak di tingkat komunitas.

Children living in coastal areas face various challenges in developing their literacy and creative potential due to limited access to non-formal educational facilities and adequate learning resources. This condition results in low stimulation of reading, writing, communication, and creative expression skills from an early age. This community service activity aims to develop the potential of coastal children through basic literacy learning and community-based creative arts in Wawatu Village, North Moramo District, South Konawe Regency. The method applied is a community-based participatory approach with an experiential learning design, actively involving children in various educational activities such as shared reading, storytelling, drawing, coloring, singing, reading children’s poetry, and group-based educational games. Data were collected through participatory observation, brief interviews with children, parents, and community leaders, as well as simple questionnaires to assess participants’ responses and satisfaction levels. The results indicate high enthusiasm among the children, with most participants stating that they were very happy and happy to take part in the entire series of activities. The children became more active in interacting, more confident in expressing their opinions, and showed increased interest in reading and artistic activities. In addition, parents and community leaders expressed positive responses, as the program was considered to provide a contextual and meaningful alternative learning experience. This activity demonstrates that the integration of basic literacy learning and community-based creative arts is an effective approach to holistically developing the cognitive, social, and emotional abilities of coastal children while strengthening the role of the community in supporting children’s sustainable growth and development.

This study discusses the dynamics of interpersonal communication between mothers and children in dealing with family conflicts. Conflict is a natural part of interpersonal relationships, but the way it is managed determines the quality of long-term relationships. Interpersonal communication is an important element because through the process of exchanging messages, mothers and children can express their feelings, understand each other's perspectives, and find an agreement that can be accepted by both parties. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method to examine communication patterns, barriers, and strategies used in the conflict resolution process. The results of the study showed that open communication, empathy, emotional presence, and active listening skills greatly influenced the success of conflict management. In addition, research has found that the alignment of verbal and nonverbal messages, the use of non-judgmental language, and mutual respect can create an atmosphere conducive to dialogue. This study makes a theoretical contribution to understanding modern family relations and practical implications for strengthening communication in dealing with mother-child conflicts.

The health of pregnant and breastfeeding women is a crucial determinant of the quality of future generations, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life. However, nutritional problems, such as deficiencies in iron, protein, and essential vitamins, remain prevalent in many regions, especially in rural areas. These conditions may increase the risk of anemia, impaired fetal growth, and reduced maternal and child health outcomes. This community service program aimed to improve the nutritional status as well as the knowledge and awareness of pregnant and breastfeeding women regarding the importance of balanced nutrition in Sukorejo Village, Bojonegoro Regency. The program was implemented through the provision of free balanced nutritious meals tailored to the nutritional needs of pregnant and breastfeeding women, accompanied by health education activities, including counseling sessions and interactive discussions on healthy dietary patterns, food hygiene, and anemia prevention. Program evaluation was conducted through participatory observation and participant feedback. The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of balanced nutrition and positive behavioral changes in daily food selection and consumption. This community service initiative is expected to serve as a sustainable model for improving maternal and child health and preventing nutritional problems at the village level.

Gender-based and age-based violence targeting women and children continues to pose a serious challenge to human rights protection in Indonesia. As the principal duty bearer, the state bears the obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill victims' rights through effective protection mechanisms, one of which is the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA). This research analyzes the contribution of UPTD PPA Bandung City in fulfilling the human rights of victims of violence against women and children and maps the obstacles encountered in operational service delivery. The study utilizes a juridical-empirical method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews with UPTD PPA Bandung City representatives in November 2025, whereas secondary data were derived from the examination of legal regulations and relevant scholarly literature. Research findings reveal that UPTD PPA Bandung City managed 382 cases in 2025 by providing complaint mechanisms, assessment procedures, legal and psychological support, counseling services, and shelter facilities. These services demonstrate normative compliance with national legislation and human rights principles, particularly concerning protection, rehabilitation, and access to justice. Nevertheless, service delivery encounters several challenges, including insufficient human resources and facilities, underreporting by victims, and suboptimal cross-institutional coordination. Consequently, strengthening institutional capacity, ensuring adequate infrastructure, developing integrated standard operating procedures, and establishing regional regulatory frameworks are essential to guarantee effective and sustained fulfillment of victims' rights.

The development of digital technology has influenced children's communication and social interaction patterns, including at the elementary school level. One widely used platform is TikTok, which provides short video content with a combination of visual and verbal communication. This study focuses on analyzing the influence of TikTok content on the communication and self-expression patterns of elementary school students at MIM Ngadirejan. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with students and teachers, observations of student communication behavior in the school environment, and analysis of TikTok video content frequently watched by students. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that consuming TikTok content influences students' use of informal language, adoption of popular terms, and imitation of non-verbal expressions. Furthermore, TikTok use also increases students' creativity and courage in expressing themselves, requiring parental guidance and strengthening digital literacy.

Ketersediaan lahan yang minim di Kota Makassar menjadi salah satu faktor Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak (RSIA) tidak menghiraukan kondisi lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya dan menjadi salah satu penyebab timbulnya gangguan kesehatan pada seseorang. Penerapan arsitektur therapeutic menjawab permasalahan yang dihadapi RSIA di Kota Makassar. Penerapan therapeutic  tidak hanya dapat dilakukan pada landscape atau ruang luar, akan tetapi dapat berupa desain interior dan elemen therapeutic itu sendiri seperti pencahayaan, warna, musik, ataupun sirkulasi. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif, penelitian ini menghasilkan desain sebuah RSIA yang terukur dan mengedepankan lingkungan yang berfokus untuk menunjang proses interaksi yang dapat berdampak positif pada kesehatan mental dan fisik pengguna, terutama pasien ibu dan anak sehingga mempercepat proses penyembuhan. Penerapan arsitektur therapeutic pada RSIA dilakukan dengan menyesuaikan kebutuhan ruang bagi pengguna sehingga menciptakan ruang yang nyaman, dengan demikian penerapan konsep therapeutic pada RSIA dapat tercapai.

The Indonesia Pintar Program (PIP) serves as a strategic state instrument to ensure equitable access to education for children from low-income families, in accordance with the constitutional mandate. However, the prevalence of fund embezzlement poses a severe threat to the fulfillment of these educational rights. This study aims to analyze the structural and institutional dynamics triggering fund misappropriation, evaluate the effectiveness of current oversight mechanisms, and formulate strategies to mitigate such violations. This research employs a normative legal method with a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing statutory and socio-legal analysis to examine regulations such as Law No. 20 of 2003 and relevant ministerial decrees. The findings reveal that embezzlement is driven by complex structural factors, including data asymmetry between Dapodik and DTKS, weak internal supervision, and a lack of transparency in fund distribution. Furthermore, legal enforcement remains suboptimal, often limited to administrative sanctions due to difficulties in proving mens rea and poor coordination among law enforcement agencies. The study concludes that current oversight mechanisms are insufficient to curb corruption in the education sector. Therefore, comprehensive reform is urgently needed, focusing on the integration of digital data systems, the implementation of e-audits, and the enhancement of civil society participation to ensure accountability. These measures are essential to protect the constitutional rights of children and ensure that education funds reach their intended beneficiaries without leakage.    

Health issues are complex and require new ideas for their resolution. Public health focuses on disease prevention, health promotion, and physical, mental, and social therapy. Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and women’s health throughout their life cycle are crucial public health issues as they have a significant impact on the quality of human resources in a generation. In Pukdale Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency, problems such as the lack of knowledge among pregnant women about Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), pregnancy anemia, Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF), balanced nutrition, and weaning have been identified. To address these issues, a Community Midwifery Care program based on community service was carried out, which included counseling, training, demonstrations, and simulations. The results of this activity showed a positive response and active participation from the community in Pukdale Village in the programs implemented by the students. There was a significant improvement in the knowledge of pregnant women about CED, pregnancy anemia, EBF, as well as the knowledge of mothers of infants about balanced nutrition and weaning. This is expected to improve the overall health status of the community in the village.