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The definition of rights according to KBBI ( Dictionary Besar Bahasa Indonesia) is as authority, power to do (because it has been determined by certain laws or rules), and the right power to do something or demand something. The definition of rights in general is everything that is given to certain parties in certain situations... While according to the KBBI ( Dictionary Besar Bahasa Indonesia) obligation is (something) that must be done; must. These two concepts are very important for the life of the community, nation and state. The constitution in every country, including Indonesia, functions as a positive legal basis that regulates the rights and obligations of its citizens. The state grants rights to its citizens and citizens carry out and fulfill their obligations in the state. This journal will discuss the rights and obligations of citizens in the constitutional law system, as well as how they relate to and impact on society.    

Ethics is a field of philosophy that discusses the moral principles that govern humanbehavior, while politics deals with decision-making and the management of power in society. In Islam, political ethics is a concept that regulates human relationships in the political world.Islamic political ethics consists of a collection of moral values and principles that should guide everyone involved in political activities, both as citizens and leaders. Islamic political ethics has a strong relevance in the context of politics and governance. The moral values in Islam can serve as guidelines for leaders and citizens in building a better society. Despite the challenges faced, ongoing efforts to implement Islamic political ethics are considered essential in building an ideal and ethical government. It is important to build a just, prosperous, and moral society through the application of Islamic political ethics, which includes principles such as justice,equality, democracy, deliberation, freedom, and respect for the rights of others. In addition, this journal reviews the methods Ali Shari'ati used to make his assertions about the importance of Islam as a basic political ethic. A just, moral, and prosperous government can be achieved through the application of Islamic political ethics. Political ethics is not a convoluted system, but rather a number of noble values that are in line with the principles of Islam.

This study evaluates the challenges and strategies for implementing the subject of Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn) in the digital era using a literature review method. The research findings identify several main obstacles, such as limited internet access, lack of digital devices, low digital skills among teachers and students, insufficient technical support, and a scarcity of quality digital resources. To address these challenges, several strategies are proposed, including the development of technological infrastructure, digital skills training for teachers and students, and the provision of engaging and interactive digital learning resources. With the implementation of these strategies, it is expected that PPKn education will become more effective and enhance student motivation and engagement. These findings have significant implications for the development of educational policies and teaching practices of PPKn in Indonesia in facing the challenges of the digital era.

Pancasila and citizenship education teachers play an important role in shaping students' national defense attitudes. Through a holistic and integrated learning approach, teachers are able to introduce the values ​​of Pancasila and citizenship as a whole. By teaching concepts such as mutual cooperation, justice, and diversity, teachers help students understand the importance of serving their country and society. In addition, through discussions, simulations and collaborative projects, teachers provide opportunities for students to internalize these values ​​in everyday life. Thus, Pancasila and citizenship education teachers play a role as the main pillar in forming the young generation who have a strong and responsible attitude of defending the country. The aim of this research is to provide awareness to Pancasila and citizenship education teachers to always form the young generation or students who have a high level of state defense attitude and can make students aware of the importance of a state defense attitude towards the country which is carried out by the role of Pancasila and citizenship education teachers. This research uses the Library Research method regarding the role of Pancasila and citizenship education teachers in forming an attitude of defending the country in students.  

This study aims to analyze the comparison of public administration across various provinces in Indonesia. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods, this research investigates the unique challenges faced by public administration in each province and explores the opportunities for improvement. The findings reveal that cultural, economic, and political factors significantly influence the effectiveness of public administration, leading to variations in service delivery, accountability, and citizen engagement. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of regional context in shaping administrative practices and outcomes. Based on these insights, the study provides targeted recommendations for enhancing the performance of public administration at the provincial level, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies that consider local conditions and stakeholder involvement. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of public administration dynamics in Indonesia and offers a foundation for future studies in this field.

This study aims to analyze the role of Social Studies (IPS) in transmitting citizenship values to high school students. In the context of globalization and rapid social changes, citizenship education through IPS is considered essential for strengthening national identity and instilling democratic values and social responsibility. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis. The research sample consists of 10 IPS teachers and 20 high school students in city X, selected through purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation in the form of descriptive narratives, tables, or diagrams, and conclusion drawing with data triangulation. The results show that 78% of students who study IPS have a better understanding of their rights and obligations as citizens compared to students who do not study IPS. Interviewed teachers stated that IPS not only teaches history and geography but also the values of democracy, tolerance, and social justice. This study confirms that IPS is a crucial tool in building knowledgeable and active citizens. These findings support the citizenship education theories of John Dewey, Albert Bandura, and the constructivist theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Overall, IPS is effective in shaping the character and citizenship identity of students, preparing them to become positive agents of change in society  

Globalization has affected various aspects of modern society, one of which is the citizenship identity of young people. The influence of globalization on young people's citizenship identity is a major concern in the life of the nation today. Citizenship identity is an important thing for a citizen. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how globalization affects young people's citizenship identity. The influence of globalization can be seen in young people's lifestyle, consumption and cultural preferences. In the context of citizenship identity, globalization can challenge the clash between local and global identities, raising questions about their loyalty to their home country. The research methods used included a literature. The results of the analysis show that globalization has caused changes in young people's mindsets, values, and citizenship identities. The process of globalization has opened up young people's access to information, cultures and experiences from different parts of the world that change the way they see themselves as citizens. This research provides insights into the dynamics of citizenship identity in the era of globalization in order to promote active and responsible citizenship.

Practical Lectures and Community Service (KPPM) is a form of student service required by IAKN Tarutung, which is carried out in semester VI and lasts for three months. This program aims to improve community welfare and make the nation's life smarter through social activities that use science and technology. In Sipahutar Village, Sipoholon District, KPPM activities are carried out with the aim of increasing children's learning motivation through private tutoring programs, encouraging a spirit of mutual cooperation with the community, and holding healthy exercise with PKK mothers. The research method used involved two main stages: initial observation to identify educational problems in schools, and implementation of a free private tutoring program every Friday for 120 minutes for elementary school children. Apart from that, mutual cooperation activities and healthy exercise with PKK mothers were carried out as part of efforts to improve community welfare and health.The results of KPPM activities show that private tutoring has succeeded in increasing children's interest and motivation in learning in Sipahutar Village. An interactive learning approach adapted to school subjects helps children understand the material more easily. Mutual cooperation carried out with the community shows an increase in togetherness and citizen participation in social activities. Meanwhile, regularly held healthy exercise improves the fitness and health of PKK women, as well as strengthening social relations between them. The conclusion of this activity emphasizes the important role of students in serving society through education, health and other social activities. The KPPM program in Sipahutar Village has succeeded in creating positive change by involving all levels of society in a joint effort to improve welfare and education.

In an increasingly advanced digital era, it is important to build a positive internet culture based on ethics and citizenship in order to increase public awareness in the digital era.  Values education and digital citizenship play an important role in shaping responsible and positive online behavior.  Through values education, the younger generation can be prepared to become global citizens who are aware of the impact of their online actions.  Ethical and responsible behavior in using digital technology is key in creating a safe and positive online environment.  By building a responsible digital culture, we can reduce the spread of misinformation, hate speech and harmful content, creating a harmonious digital space for all users. Responsible digital citizenship is increasingly important in today’s digital era as technology has become an integral part of  everyday life.  With awareness of the importance of digital citizenship, the younger generation can use technology positively and contribute to the progress of the digital era.  By building a positive internet culture based on ethics and citizenship, we can create an online environment that is inclusive, safe and responsible for all users.

In an increasingly advanced digital era, it is important to build a positive internet culture based on ethics and citizenship in order to increase public awareness in the digital era.  Values education and digital citizenship play an important role in shaping responsible and positive online behavior.  Through values education, the younger generation can be prepared to become global citizens who are aware of the impact of their online actions.  Ethical and responsible behavior in using digital technology is key in creating a safe and positive online environment.  By building a responsible digital culture, we can reduce the spread of misinformation, hate speech and harmful content, creating a harmonious digital space for all users. Responsible digital citizenship is increasingly important in today’s digital era as technology has become an integral part of  everyday life.  With awareness of the importance of digital citizenship, the younger generation can use technology positively and contribute to the progress of the digital era.  By building a positive internet culture based on ethics and citizenship, we can create an online environment that is inclusive, safe and responsible for all users.

The era of globalization brings changes that occur in society. Especially in the development of technology is now increasingly sophisticated which brings us to various conveniences, such as means of communication and the dissemination of information that is getting faster. The dissemination of information that is not accompanied by existing field facts will present various chaos in social media, one of which is the emergence of the Spill the Tea phenomenon which is a pronoun for gossip or gossip. This article aims to find out how the spill the tea phenomenon as a representation of virtual gossip in terms of Islam and citizenship. The method used in this research is literature study focusing on data or information related to the subject matter under study. Data collection through books or recent journals related to the research topic, then the data is analyzed descriptively to unravel the problem.

The definition of rights according to KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia) is as authority, power to do (because it has been determined by certain laws or rules), and the right power to do something or demand something. The definition of rights in general is everything that is given to certain parties in certain situations... While according to the KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia) obligation is (something) that must be done; must. These two concepts are very important for the life of the community, nation and state. The constitution in every country, including Indonesia, functions as a positive legal basis that regulates the rights and obligations of its citizens. The state grants rights to its citizens and citizens carry out and fulfill their obligations in the state. This journal will discuss the rights and obligations of citizens in the constitutional law system, as well as how they relate to and impact on society.

Currently, Indonesia is facing a widespread crisis of national character and morals. This character crisis is very much dominated by the younger generation at school age. The role of Pancasila and citizenship lessons in schools is very important to shape the character and morals of students as the nation's successors so that they have quality and superior character in the future. The aim of this research is to find out the importance of Pancasila and citizenship lessons in shaping the character and morals of students at school. The method used in this article is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, namely selecting each journal or previous research, then obtaining the results in the form of ideas that will be developed later. Pancasila and citizenship lessons (PKN) are one of the subjects in school where one of the aims is to shape the character of the nation's successors. It is hoped that character formation through the application of Pancasila values can lead students to grow and develop into citizens with character, morals, responsibility and remember their rights and responsibilities as Indonesian citizens. This research shows that Pancasila and citizenship lessons are very important and useful for students. Bad character and morals are certainly worrying for the development of student behavior, and vice versa, good character will give birth to the next generation with good character and morals.  

The digital transformation within the public sector has shifted from an optional advancement to a primary parameter for local government success in managing dynamic metropolitan areas. This research examines the acceleration of Smart Governance in Surabaya through the implementation of the mandatory non-cash parking policy on public roads. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design, the study explores how this transition redefine the relationship between the government, parking attendants, and citizens. Findings indicate that the policy effectively minimizes budget leakage and enhances fiscal transparency. The integration of digital payment systems has transformed traditional parking management into a data-driven service, fostering public trust through accountable financial tracking. Furthermore, the shift from cash to digital transactions has successfully professionalized the role of parking attendants within the urban ecosystem. However, success relies heavily on consistent infrastructure readiness and public literacy. The study concludes that Surabaya's non-cash parking model serves as a vital instrument for strengthening Regional Original Revenue (PAD) while modernizing urban governance. These implications suggest that digital integration is not merely a technical change but a fundamental shift in bureaucratic culture. This model provides a strategic framework for other Indonesian metropolitan cities aiming to implement similar digital-based public service innovations and sustainable smart city governance.

This study investigates the influence of social media and citizen science initiatives on astronomical literacy and its application in maritime navigation among transportation cadets. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and observational studies, the perceptions and practices of 40 cadets at a transportation institute in Jakarta were explored. The findings reveal that social media platforms play a significant role in enhancing navigational knowledge and skills among cadets, providing access to diverse educational resources and fostering engagement with astronomical content. Similarly, participation in citizen science projects positively impacts astronomical literacy, offering hands-on learning experiences that reinforce theoretical knowledge. Moreover, the research highlights the importance of promoting cultural competence in maritime education to prepare cadets for navigating in multicultural environments. By aligning educational curricula with international standards and embracing emerging technologies, educational institutions can better equip transportation cadets with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in the globalised maritime industry.

This research explores the perceptions of 40 cadets at the Transportation Institute in Jakarta regarding the application of visual cues and astronomical learning in maritime safety and navigation. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and observational techniques, the study examines cadets' proficiency in celestial navigation, their engagement with social media and citizen science initiatives related to astronomical learning, and their awareness of cultural differences in navigation practices. The findings reveal that cadets demonstrate a high level of proficiency in celestial navigation, indicating the effectiveness of the educational practices at the Transportation Institute. However, there is room for improvement in terms of leveraging social media for educational purposes and developing cross-cultural sensitivity among cadets. The research highlights the importance of integrating practical training, fostering cross-cultural competence, and promoting a culture of lifelong learning among cadets to ensure their preparedness for the modern maritime industry. The insights gained from this research can inform educational practices and professional development initiatives in the maritime sector.

This journal discusses the concept and implementation of state defense in the context of student life. State defense is an important concept to strengthen and protect the country's sovereignty, as well as build awareness and a sense of national responsibility towards their country. This journal focuses on the conceptual framework of state defense, including the values contained in the concept. Values such as patriotism, loyalty to the country, concern for the environment, and a sense of social responsibility are crucial in building a strong sense of state defense in university students. Furthermore, this journal analyzes how state defense can be implemented in everyday life as a student. The research method used is qualitative description, while the type of research is library research, the activity is carried out by collecting data related to the title which is literature. Through good civic education, active participation in social and political activities, and real contributions to state development. In addition, this journal also discusses how improving integrity as a student is an implementation of state defense and also the reasons why improving integrity and state defense are very important. The author suggests several ways that can be done to improve integrity as a student to realize state defense and citizenship in universities, expand community participation programs, and build awareness of the importance of state defense through mass media and social campaigns. This journal summarizes the importance of state defense in building and protecting state defense, and provides a framework that can be used by educational institutions in implementing the concept of state defense. It is hoped that readers of this journal will gain a better understanding of state defense and the importance of building state defense awareness.

This article explores the comparison between money politics and cost politics in the context of the political process and its influence on democratic integrity. Money politics reflects corrupt practices in which wealth is used to manipulate election outcomes or political decisions, while cost politics includes costs related to campaigns, regulations, and citizen participation in the political process. In distinguishing these two concepts, this article highlights their role in shaping the strengths and weaknesses of democracy and the challenges in strengthening political integrity. By analyzing case studies and theoretical concepts, this article aims to present a clearer understanding of the differences between money politics and cost politics, as well as promote efforts to address corruption and increase transparency in the political process.

Literacy is a complex skill possessed by an individual to utilize potential and abilities in processing and understanding information through activities such as reading, writing, speaking, calculating, and problem-solving. With literacy skills, one can apply their knowledge and experiences as references for the future. As responsible citizens, the skills of cultural and citizenship literacy become crucial aspects that must be mastered by elementary school students. This is considering the students' character in discerning and selecting the noble cultural values of the nation as a basis for their attitudes, actions, and behaviors amidst the diversity of society, nation, and state. This research was conducted at SD Lab School FIP UMJ using the SWOT analysis method. The research results indicate that cultural and citizenship literacy has been implemented at SD Lab School FIP UMJ and plays a significant role in enhancing the cultural and citizenship values of students.

This article explores the impact of technological advances on elementary school students' cultural and civic knowledge. Even though it provides broad access to information, the negative impacts of technology such as social isolation and lack of direct interaction with cultural diversity make understanding cultural values and citizenship difficult. Reduced social engagement is also a challenge, limiting students' role as active citizens. The proposed solution involves collaboration between teachers, parents, and communities to create an educational environment that balances technology and hands-on experiences grounded in cultural and civic values. This article emphasizes the importance of preparing elementary school students to acquire strong cultural knowledge and a deep sense of citizenship, helping them become active and responsible members of society.